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排序方式: 共有336条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The authors compared children (ages 7-13 years) of unipolar depressed mothers with children of nondepressed psychiatric patients, of nondepressed medical patients, and of nondepressed mothers in the community. The children's adjustment was rated by clinicians on the Child Adjustment Schedule and by the mothers on the Child Behavior Checklist. The highest proportion of clinically significant problems was found in the children of the depressed mothers. However, the overlap between the problems of these children and those of the children of the nondepressed psychiatric patients calls into question the formulation that children's adjustment difficulties are specific to parental depression. 相似文献
2.
Allan C Gotlib H Stephen Injeyan John P Crawford 《The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association》1997,41(4):205-220
The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical review of the progression of events within the jurisdiction of the province of Ontario related to the issue of laboratory diagnosis and the profession of chiropractic. The provisions of relevant legislation, task forces, Councils, reviews, consensus statements, Commissions and committees, are highlighted and discussed during respective time periods. Chiropractors had entitlement to order and perform laboratory tests until 1972 when a regulatory amendment, made without consultation with the chiropractic profession, precluded their continuing entitlement. Chiropractic patients require access to diagnostic laboratory services and equitable access to necessary laboratory services should be restored and preserved. This is consistent with the academic institutional accreditation standards of chiropractic education and the jurisdictional regulatory mechanisms of chiropractic practice and is consistent with both protecting and enhancing the public interest. 相似文献
3.
4.
Ruminative Response Style and Vulnerability to Episodes of Dysphoria: Gender, Neuroticism, and Episode Duration 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A number of recent laboratory and prospectivefield studies suggest that the tendency to ruminateabout dysphoric moods is associated with more severe andpersistent negative emotional experiences (e.g., Morrow & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1990;Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). The current paperreports two studies that tested the hypotheses that (a)ruminative response styles act as a trait vulnerabilityto dysphoria, particularly to relativelypersistent episodes of dysphoria; (b) aspects ofrumination that are not likely to be contaminated withthe presence and severity of previous symptomatology(introspection/self-isolation, self-blame) demonstrate vulnerability effects;and (c) rumination mediates the effects of gender andneuroticism on vulnerability to dysphoria. Consistentsupport was found for each of these hypotheses. Overall, our data suggest that rumination mightreflect an important cognitive manifestation ofneuroticism that increases vulnerability to episodes ofpersistent dysphoria. 相似文献
5.
V. A. Gotlib V. A. Tyurin M. P. Rychkova A. L. Berman A. A. Lev V. E. Kagan 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1989,108(2):1104-1107
Institute of Cytology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. A. Vladimirov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 108, No. 8, pp. 160–171, August, 1989. 相似文献
6.
Time course of hypo-osmotic swellings of human spermatozoa: evidence of ordered transition between swelling subtypes 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Hossain AM; Rizk B; Barik S; Huff C; Thorneycroft IH 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(6):1578-1583
The hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST or HOS test) usually takes into
consideration the total HOS response value with no emphasis either on the
value of the response subtypes or the response evaluation time. This study
investigated the time course of HOS responses and analysed their
physiological relevance. Raw semen spermatozoa and Percoll washed
spermatozoa were used in the experiment. The morphological changes in the
sperm tail were monitored by incubating the spermatozoa in the hypo-
osmotic solution for 16 different time periods. The HOS reactive
spermatozoa and the type of HOS reaction (swelling subtypes) of the samples
subjected to different duration of treatment were identified under a phase
contrast microscope. Also the fate of individual spermatozoa in a
hypo-osmotic environment were monitored for 30 min. In spermatozoa exposed
to a hypo-osmotic solution, the motility lasted usually less than 2 min and
motility characteristics were uniquely different from that of the
spermatozoa under iso-osmotic conditions. The HOS response development was
permanent but the motility loss due to hypo-osmotic shock was reversible up
to 1 min of incubation. There was an indication of ordered transition among
the HOS swelling subtypes apparently initiating with subtype b destined to
c, d, e, f and g. Further, the subtypes a and g showed gradual decrease and
increase, respectively, while subtype b showed abrupt initial increase and
then gradual decrease. Transition from b to g could be direct or via one or
more than one subtypes. Ultrastructure based analysis indicated that HOS
response subtypes are the apparent reflection of the differences in the
cytoskeletal assembly of the sperm tail and thus may be identifying
different physiological variants in the sperm population. These results
indicate that shorter incubation is essential to document the kinetics of
various HOS responses but the conventional HOS test misses these important
HOS features because of lengthy incubation. Since the time course of
ordered transition of HOS responses will vary more than the total HOS
response in semen of different aetiologies, the importance of HOS response
subtypes and response evaluation time should be taken into consideration
when applying HOS test.
相似文献
7.
Prevalence rates and demographic characteristics associated with depression in pregnancy and the postpartum 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
I H Gotlib V E Whiffen J H Mount K Milne N I Cordy 《Journal of consulting and clinical psychology》1989,57(2):269-274
Examined the prevalence of depression in a heterogeneous sample of 360 pregnant women. Subjects were assessed with respect to both depressive symptomatology and diagnostic status during pregnancy and after delivery. At both assessments, approximately 25% of the sample reported elevated levels of depressive symptomatology. In contrast, 10% of the women met diagnostic criteria for depression during pregnancy, and 6.8% were depressed postpartum. However, only half of the cases of postpartum depression were new onset (3.4%); the remaining women receiving a diagnosis in the postpartum had also been depressed during pregnancy. Finally, depression during pregnancy was related to different sociodemographic variables than was postpartum depression, suggesting that depression at these two times may be associated with different psychological or etiological factors. 相似文献
8.
Jonas G. Miller Mahnoor Hyat Susan B. Perlman Ronald J. Wong Gary M. Shaw David K. Stevenson Ian H. Gotlib 《Developmental psychobiology》2023,65(1):e22351
Exposure to adversity is a well-documented risk factor for cognitive, behavioral, and mental health problems. In fact, the consequences of adversity may be intergenerational. A growing body of research suggests that maternal exposures to adversity, including those prior to childbirth, are associated with offspring biobehavioral development. In a sample of 36 mothers and their preschool-age children (mean child age = 4.21 ± 0.92 years), we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to replicate and extend this work to include brain activation during inhibitory control in young children. We found that measures of maternal exposure to adversity, including cumulative, childhood, and preconception exposures, were significantly and positively associated with activation in the right frontopolar prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the left temporal and parietal clusters during inhibitory control. In addition, and consistent with previous findings, children's increased negative affect and decreased effortful control were associated with increased right PFC activation during inhibitory control. These findings provide preliminary evidence that maternal and dispositional risk factors are linked to alterations in PFC functioning during the preschool years. Children of mothers with a history of exposure to adversity, as well as children who are less temperamentally regulated, may require increased neural resources to meet the cognitive demands of inhibitory control. 相似文献
9.
10.
Distinctive and common neural underpinnings of major depression,social anxiety,and their comorbidity
J. Paul Hamilton Michael C. Chen Christian E. Waugh Jutta Joormann Ian H. Gotlib 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2015,10(4):552-560
Assessing neural commonalities and differences among depression, anxiety and their comorbidity is critical in developing a more integrative clinical neuroscience and in evaluating currently debated categorical vs dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification. Therefore, in this study, we sought to identify patterns of anomalous neural responding to criticism and praise that are specific to and common among major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and comorbid MDD-SAD. Adult females who met formal diagnostic criteria for MDD, SAD or MDD-SAD and psychiatrically healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging as they listened to statements directing praise or criticism at them or at another person. MDD groups showed reduced responding to praise across a distributed cortical network, an effect potentially mediated by thalamic nuclei undergirding arousal-mediated attention. SAD groups showed heightened anterior insula and decreased default-mode network response to criticism. The MDD-SAD group uniquely showed reduced responding to praise in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, all groups with psychopathology showed heightened response to criticism in a region of the superior frontal gyrus implicated in attentional gating. The present results suggest novel neural models of anhedonia in MDD, vigilance-withdrawal behaviors in SAD, and poorer outcome in MDD-SAD. Importantly, in identifying unique and common neural substrates of MDD and SAD, these results support a formulation in which common neural components represent general risk factors for psychopathology that, due to factors that are present at illness onset, lead to distinct forms of psychopathology with unique neural signatures. 相似文献