急诊绿色通道在创伤性膈疝中的应用体会

目的阐述急诊绿色通道在创伤性膈疝中的应用体会。 方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年5月，江苏省人民医院收治的25例创伤性膈疝患者的临床资料，均采用急诊创伤绿色通道进行抢救。记录患者手术情况、治疗结果及术后并发症情况。 结果25例患者到达医院立即启动创伤通，所有创伤通道人员到位时间（5±5.5）min，到达医院至手术时间（60.7±6.2）min。23例入院后行急诊手术，另外2例均于入院后第2天手术。并发症发生率为8.70%，死亡率为8.00%，治疗成功率为92.0%。 结论急诊创伤绿色通道的设立可大大缩短受伤至手术时间，以最迅速的方式使创伤性膈疝患者得到及时救治，提倡更多的医院建立"急诊创伤绿色通道"，使更多的患者在最短的时间内接受有效的治疗。     

补肺活血法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者的临床观察

目的 研究补肺活血法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期的临床疗效和对肺功能的影响.方法 将125例患者随机分为治疗组85例和对照组40例,两组均经缓解期常规基础治疗,治疗组加用中药汤剂口服.两组均以2周为1个疗程,连续治疗4个疗程后统计疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为94.1%,对照组总有效率为90.0%,两组相比,P＜0.05;两组的主要症状和体征均改善,但治疗组对咳嗽、咳痰、喘促、气短以及肺部罗音等症状体征改善均优于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗组的肺功能的改善优于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组的发病次数明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 补肺活血法能有效改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者的临床症状、体征、肺功能,减少患者发病次数,并提高其生活质量.     

Saroclazines A–C,thio-diketopiperazines from mangrove-derived fungi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sarocladium kiliense</Emphasis> HDN11-84

Three new diketopiperazine derivatives (DKPs), saroclazines A–C (1–3) along with three known DKPs (4–6) were isolated from mangrove-derived fungi Sarocladium kiliense HDN11-84. Saroclazines A–B (1 and 2) possessed a free amide structure, which was first found in sulfur-containing aromatic DKPs. Their structures were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS and X-ray. The cytotoxic activity of new compounds (1–3) was tested against HeLa cell lines, among which compound 2 showed an IC₅₀ value of 4.2 µM.     

Clinical and other specialty services offered by pharmacists in the community: the international arena and Israel

The community pharmacy setting is a venue that is readily accessible to the public. In addition, it is staffed by a pharmacist, who is a healthcare provider, trained and capable of delivering comprehensive pharmaceutical care. As such, community pharmacists have a colossal opportunity to serve as key contributors to patients’ health by ensuring appropriate use of medications, preventing medication misadventures, identifying drug-therapy needs, as well as by being involved in disease management, screening, and prevention programs. This unique position gives the pharmacist the privilege and duty to serve patients in roles other than solely that of the stereotypical drug dispenser.Worldwide, as well as in Israel, pharmacists already offer a variety of pharmaceutical services and tend to patients’ and the healthcare system’s needs. This article provides examples of professional, clinical or other specialty services offered by community pharmacists around the world and in Israel and describes these interventions as well as the evidence for their efficacy. Examples of such activities which were recently introduced to the Israeli pharmacy landscape due to legislative changes which expanded the pharmacist’s scope of practice include emergency supply of medications, pharmacists prescribing, and influenza vaccination. Despite the progress already made, further expansion of these opportunities is warranted but challenging. Independent prescribing, as practiced in the United Kingdom or collaborative drug therapy management programs, as practiced in the United States, expansion of vaccination programs, or wide-spread recognition and reimbursement for medication therapy management (MTM) programs are unrealized opportunities. Obstacles such as time constraints, lack of financial incentives, inadequate facilities and technology, and lack of professional buy-in, and suggested means for overcoming these challenges are also discussed.     

Improving research and policy interactions requires a better understanding of what works in different contexts

There is keen interest in many jurisdictions in finding ways to improve the way that research evidence informs policy. One possible mechanism for this is to embed academics within government agencies either as advisers or full staff members. Our commentary argues that, in addition to considering the role of academics in government as proposed by Glied and colleagues, we need to understand better how research and policy interactions function across policy sectors. We believe more comparative research is needed to understand if and why academics from certain disciplines are more likely to be recruited to work in some policy sectors rather than others. We caution against treating government as monolithic by advocating the same model for collaborative interaction between academics and government. Lastly, we contend that contextualized research is needed to illuminate important drivers of research and policy interactions before we can recommend what is likely to be more and less effective in different policy sectors.