新生儿医院感染情况分析及对策

新生儿由于其特殊的易感因素,医院感染发生率较高,有的甚至造成暴发流行。为了探讨其医院感染的相关因素及预防措施,我们回顾性分析了245例新生儿病历,其中发生医院感染38例,现报道如下。资料与方法1.一般资料。为我院2004年1-12月住院新生儿共245例,其中男156例,女89例;年龄15     

原发性小肠肿瘤诊断治疗的临床分析(附58例报告)

目的探讨原发性小肠肿瘤临床特型、病理分型及诊治经验。方法回顾性分析1993年10月。2003年10月收治的有完整资料的58例原发性小肠肿瘤病例。结果本组包括13例(22．4％)良性肿瘤，45例(77．6％)。小肠良性肿瘤均行局部肠段切除，除2例死于其它疾患外，余11例健在；小肠恶性肿瘤患者中，院内死亡6例，仅11例能行根治性肠切除，37例行化疗(总有效率83．4％)，随访33例(随访率89．5％)，存活5年以上者14例(5年生存率42．4％)，多为T细胞性非何杰金淋巴瘤。结论原发性小肠肿瘤恶性所占比例较高，缺乏特征性的临床表现及有效的诊断手段，易致长期延误诊治，预后甚差；对原因不明的腹痛、消化道出血及定位不明的腹部包块患者及早行剖腹探查是避免小肠肿瘤长期误诊、改善患者预后的可靠手段。     

An open-label efficacy pilot study with pimecrolimus cream 1% in adults with facial seborrhoeic dermatitis infected with HIV

BACKGROUND: Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a common dermatosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, many of whom do not respond satisfactorily to conventional topical treatments such as corticosteroids and antifungals. OBJECTIVE: A pilot study to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% in HIV-positive patients with facial SD. METHODS: In a single-centre study, 21 HIV-infected patients with mild to severe SD were treated twice daily with pimecrolimus cream 1% for 14 days. Thereafter, treatment was discontinued and patients followed up for 5 weeks. Skin involvement at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 was assessed using a four-point clinical score and digital photography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% treatment and incidence of relapse in the follow-up phase. Results Marked improvement was seen in clinical parameters at day 7, with >or= 90% patients clear of symptoms at day 14. Relapse was observed at day 35 but signs were milder than at baseline. All patients responded to therapy, despite their immunological status. Pimecrolimus did not alter CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts or viral load during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream represents a new, effective therapeutic option for facial SD in HIV patients.     

Le syndrome de Smith-Magenis

Smith-Magenis syndrome is caused by a 17p11.2 deletion. It associates mental retardation, facial dysmorphism and brachydactyly; aberrant behavior and major sleep problems are present in 70% of the cases. It is probably under-diagnosed because the facial abnormalities are mild and the behavioral problems with hyperactivity and self-injuries are dominant, leading to the diagnosis of psychiatric pathology. However these behavioral problems are sufficiently characterized to allow the diagnosis of the syndrome and look for a 17p11.2 microdeletion. Otorhinolaryngologic, ophtalmologic, cardiac and renal abnormalities can be associated and their evaluation is necessary. Smith-Magenis syndrome is considered as a contiguous gene syndrome. Genes have been mapped and isolated to the critical region, but their participation in the pathogenesis of the syndrome remains unclear.     

不同内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的 就不同内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入特点及效果进行分析,积累经验。方法 1996年1月～2004年5月北京同仁医院共开展多道人工耳蜗植入术410例(410耳),对其中双侧内耳畸形患者82例(82耳)进行回顾性分析,就不同原因内耳畸形的人工耳蜗植入手术特点及术后开机调试特点与耳蜗形态正常的人工耳蜗植入者进行了比较。结果 ①所有内耳畸形患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉;②内耳畸形人工耳蜗术中容易出现井喷;③82例中除2例患者各遗留2对蜗外电极外,其余电极均完全植入蜗内;④术后无面瘫、脑脊液漏等并发症;⑤术后开机调试数值与结构正常植入者接近,无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑥术后经过语训,1年后听力及言语能力均有不同程度的提高。结论 伴有内耳发育畸形的深度感音性聋患者可以行人工耳蜗植入手术,植入效果与耳蜗发育正常患者的人工耳蜗植入效果基本一致,人工耳蜗植入术可以作为伴有内耳畸形的深度感音性聋患者的治疗和康复手段。     

PAX2在肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用

目的 揭示核转录因子（PAX2）在肾小管上皮细胞转分化过程中的可能作用。方法 38例病例组肾组织按间质病变程度分为轻、中、重3组,其中轻度病变15例,中度病变11例,重度病变12例;对照组为5例外伤后肾切除组织。采用免疫组化法评定肾组织PAX2的表达率和肾小管上皮细胞转分化率。对肾间质病变轻、中、重3组组内肾小管上皮细胞转分化率、PAX2表达率作方差分析,对PAX2表达量与肾小管上皮细胞转分化率作相关分析。结果 正常对照组肾小管上皮细胞只表达角蛋白（CK）,不表达平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）及PAX2。病例组肾间质病变轻、中、重3组肾小管上皮细胞均不同程度表达α-SMA及PAX2;不同肾间质病变组,肾小管上皮细胞转分化率及PAX2表达量差异均有统计学意义。相关分析表明,PAX2表达量和肾小管上皮细胞转分化率呈正相关（r=0．886,P〈0．05）。结论 PAX2回归表达可能导致肾小管上皮细胞转分化。     

乳状液膜法提取青霉素非稳态传质数学模型的研究

在“渐进前沿模型”的基础上 ,建立并推导了乳状液膜法提取青霉素的非稳态传质数学模型。实验条件下乳状液膜法提取青霉素的过程属扩散控制 ,其阻力主要来源于膜相。青霉素在膜相中的扩散是提取过程的速控步骤     

Rotor-Gene链融解曲线法甲基化标记筛选技术的建立

目的:建立基于Rotor-Gene的链融解曲线法的甲基化标记筛选技术,分析各种影响因素,评估其实用性.方法:克隆Hela细胞雄激素受体基因外显子-1的Bisulfite-PCR产物,挑出经测序证实的可以代表不同甲基化程度的一组质粒,并以之为模板,在Rotor-Gene 3 000实时定量PCR仪进行扩增和链融解,分析融链温度、链融解曲线与甲基化程度、甲基化模式的相关性及各种影响因素.结果:基于Rotor-Gene 的链融解曲线法,不仅可以区分甲基化与非甲基化,而且能够鉴别片段内细微的甲基化差异;主要的影响因素有升温幅度、缓冲液离子强度、产物浓度等.结论:基于Rotor-Gene 的链融解曲线法,可以集扩增和链融解于一体,是一种经济简便的甲基化分析技术,可用于样品的甲基化筛选.     

Integrinβ_3与鼻咽癌CNE细胞放疗敏感性的关系研究

目的探讨黏附分子integrinβ3对人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE的放疗敏感性的作用,进而初步探讨其可能机制。方法采用三维培养方法获得CNE细胞团簇(multicellular spheroids,MCS);血球计数器计数法比较阻断integrinβ3作用前后CNE MCS的放射敏感性;流式细胞术检测integrinβ3表达和细胞凋亡。结果 (1)成功建立CNE MCS;(2)在一定辐射剂量范围内,CNE MCS中integrinβ3表达量随着辐射剂量的增加而增加;(3)阻断integrinβ3的作用后,CNE MCS的放疗敏感性增加,细胞凋亡率上调。结论黏附分子integrinβ3的表达水平影响CNE MCS的放射敏感性,这可能与integrinβ3抑制凋亡相关。