野菊花中刺槐甙的库伦滴定法

野菊花Chrysanthemum indicum L.是一种常用中草药,对防治流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流感、高血压、肝炎、痢疾、痈疖疗疮有一定作用。最近还报道野菊花栓剂可用于治疗前列腺炎等症。野菊花的化学成分,据报道含有黄酮类化合物,已知的有刺槐甙(acaciin),水解后得刺槐素(acacetin),分子结构式为     

高PRA介导肾移植后延迟性超急排斥反应

目的：了解HLA-A、B、DR、DQ表现型为纯合子的终末期肾脏疾病患者的PRA水平,并研究其与肾移植预后的关系。方法：对2006年8月至2007年8月间在我院登记等待首次肾移植的438例终末期肾脏疾病患者HLA、PRA情况以及其中1例PRA65的HLA纯合子患者肾移植效果进行分析。HLA基因分型采用PCR-SSP技术,PRA、抗体强度及抗体特异性分析采用ELISA技术,数据统计采用SPSS11.5统计软件。结果：438例患者中有HLA纯合子12例,杂合子426例;12例纯合子中PRA阳性者6例,阳性率50,平均HLA抗体强度为55,广泛致敏率达100;426例杂合子中PRA阳性者65例,阳性率15.26,平均HLA抗体强度为28,广泛致敏率为40;纯合子与杂合子之间的PRA阳性率、平均HLA抗体强度和广泛致敏率相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,纯合子高PRA的风险大（OR=5.29,95CI：1.67～16.70）;1例PRA65的纯合子患者术前经血浆置换、蛋白免疫吸附、静滴丙种球蛋白治疗使PRA降低至阴性,在舒莱免疫诱导下行尸体肾移植术,供受者HLA抗原2个错配,术后移植肾功能逐渐恢复,第3天开始PRA呈阳性并逐渐升高,伴随临床逐渐出现尿少、血压升高、移植肾区疼痛等排斥反应征象,血清肌酐逐渐升高,移植肾B超见动脉阻力指数逐渐升高,提示急性排斥反应,采用术前有效清除HLA抗体的所有方法再次治疗无效,于术后第36天因移植物失功行移植肾切除。结论：HLA纯合子产生高PRA的风险大;文中1例PRA阳性的HLA纯合子早期移植肾功能恢复随后出现不可逆排斥反应致移植肾失功的情况,提示近年来随着各种有效清除HLA抗体的治疗方法不断用于临床导致了抗体介导的延迟性超急排斥反应（AMDR）的出现从而使移植肾失功;高PRA患者行肾移植术需高度慎重,应尽可能避开受者PRA峰值时的全部抗体谱来选择供体。     

活动期SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞HLA-DR的表达

目的：探讨活动期SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞HLA-DR表达的变化。方法：应用双色荧光抗体标记流式细胞术检测活动期SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞HLA-DR表达的阳性百分率及荧光强度。结果：与正常对照组比较,活动期SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞HLA-DR表达的阳性率和荧光强度均显著升高（t=9.769,P〈0.001;t=11.184,P〈0.001）;而单核细胞HLA-DR表达的阳性率和荧光强度均显著降低（t=27.528,P〈0.001;t=67.522,P〈0.001）。结论：淋巴细胞HLA-DR表达的增高、单核细胞HLA-DR表达的降低与SLE的发病、发展有着非常密切的关系。     

电针推拿治疗膝关节骨性关节炎合并膝关节滑膜炎临床观察

目的:观察针灸推拿治疗孟加拉人膝关节骨性关节炎合并滑膜炎的疗效.方法:采用针刺配合电针刺激鹤顶、内外膝眼等穴,并在膝关节周围行推拿按摩,治疗孟加拉人膝关节炎合并滑膜炎51例,观察1个疗程(10次).结果:显效17例,有效25例,无效9例,总有效率为82.4%.结论:中国传统针灸推拿疗法对孟加拉人膝关节炎合并滑膜炎疗效满意.     

The role of vascular resection and reconstruction in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of vascular resection and reconstruction in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: 117 patients with potentially resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent exploration. Twenty-one patients had exploration or drainage only due to distant metastases, and the other 96 patients received surgical resection. Thirty-one of those had vascular resection and reconstruction, including portal vein resection alone in 21 patients, combined hepatic artery and portal vein resection in 2 and hepatic artery resection alone in 8. Therefore, the patients were divided into four groups: non-surgical resection (21), portal vain resection (21), hepatic artery resection (10) and non-vascular resection (65) and their clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The hepatic artery resection group had significantly higher perioperative morbidity and mortality rate (80.0% and 20.0%) than non-vascular resection group (16.9% and 1.5%), respectively, (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between the portal vein resection alone group and the non-vascular resection group (P > 0.05). Of all resected vessel specimens, vascular wall invasion beyond the adventitia was pathologically confirmed in 82.6% of the portal veins and 50.0% of the hepatic arteries. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 59.0%, 34.0%, and 16.0% in the non-vascular resection group, versus 44.0%, 23.0% and 11.0% in the portal vein resection alone group (P < 0.05) and 18.0%, 0 and 0 in the hepatic artery resection group (P < 0.01), respectively, with a significant difference among the three groups. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in the non-surgical resection group were 13.0%, 0 and 0, respectively, which were similar to those in the hepatic artery resection group. Though a significant difference in survival rates existed between the portal vein resection alone group and non-resected group (P < 0.001), no significant difference was found between the hepatic artery resection group and non-resected group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both portal vein and hepatic artery resection can improve resection rate for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and portal vein resection may improve the prognosis in selected patients. However, hepatic artery resection can not improve survival and may even lead to an increase of perioperative morbidity and mortality.     

LASIK后角膜瓣皱褶和移位临床分析

目的探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)后角膜瓣发生皱褶和移位的临床表现和处理方法。方法选取我院近年来发现并处理13例(13眼)角膜瓣皱褶和移位患者,均尽快在手术显微镜下进行复位处理。皱褶和移位发生时间短者掀开角膜瓣后仔细冲洗复位,时间较长者需用低渗盐水或注射用水冲洗致角膜瓣水肿,皱褶舒展后仔细复位,所有重新复位者均配戴软性角膜接触镜1~3d,观察复位术后患者视力、裂隙灯显微镜检查及角膜地形图检查结果。结果本组13例13眼患者有10例(10眼)角膜瓣皱褶和移位发生于24h以内,复位前裸眼视力为0.06~0.60,不能矫正。复位后24h内取出软性角膜接触镜,取镜时视力0.8~1.0,1周后复查全部10例患者视力均为1.0。有3例(3眼)角膜瓣皱褶和移位患者发生的时间超过24h,复位术前裸眼视力为0.06~0.30,由于复位术后角膜瓣水肿较重,于72h后取出软性角膜接触镜,取镜时视力0.6~0.8,1周后复查均为1.0,无感染及上皮植入等并发症,角膜地形图检查未见异常。结论角膜瓣皱褶和移位是LASIK术后较常见的并发症,对视觉质量会产生不同程度的影响,及时发现并正确处理仍可获得满意的临床效果。     

The olfactory working memory capacity paradigm: A more sensitive and robust method of assessing cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice

The olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm is able to detect cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice (an animal model of Alzheimer's disease [TG]) as early as 3 months of age, while other behavioral paradigms detect cognitive deficits only at 4–5 months of age. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate that the OWMC paradigm is more sensitive and consistent in the early detection of declines in cognitive function than other commonly used behavioral paradigms. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), subiculum (SUB), and amygdala (AMY) of 5XFAD mice were harvested and subjected to immunostaining to detect the expression of β-amyloid (Aβ). Additionally, we compared the performance of 3-month-old male 5XFAD mice on common behavioral paradigms for assessing cognitive function (i.e., the open field [OF] test, novel object recognition [NOR] test, novel object location [NOL] test, Y-maze, and Morris water maze [MWM]) with that on the OWMC task. In the testing phase of the OWMC task, we varied the delay periods to evaluate the working memory capacity (WMC) of wild-type (WT) mice. Significant amyloid plaque deposition was observed in the PFC, RSC, SUB, and AMY of 3-month-old male 5XFAD mice. However, aside from the OWMC task, the other behavioral tests failed to detect cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice. Additionally, to demonstrate the efficacy of the OWMC task in assessing WMC, we varied the retention delay periods; we found that the WMC of WT mice decreased with longer delay periods. The OWMC task is a sensitive and robust behavioral assay for detecting changes in cognitive function.     

KRAS,NRAS, BRAF signatures,and MMR status in colorectal cancer patients in North China

We assessed the clinicopathological features and prognostic values of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and DNA mismatch repair status in colorectal cancer (CRC) to provide real-world data in developing countries. We enrolled 369 CRC patients and analyzed the correlation between RAS/BRAF mutation, mismatch repair status with clinicopathological features, and their prognostic roles. The mutation frequencies of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF were 41.7%, 1.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. KRAS mutations and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status were associated with right-sided tumors, aggressive biological behaviors, and poor differentiation. BRAF (V600E) mutations are associated with well-differentiated and lymphovascular invasion. The dMMR status predominated in young and middle-aged patients and tumor node metastasis stage II patients. dMMR status predicted longer overall survival in all CRC patients. KRAS mutations indicated inferior overall survival in patients with CRC stage IV. Our study showed that KRAS mutations and dMMR status could be applied to CRC patients with different clinicopathological features.     

The genotype analysis of the hepatitis C virus in Heilongjiang Province,China

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health issue. HCV genotype identification is clinically important to tailor the dosage and duration of treatment, and recombination in intra-patient populations of HCV may lead to the generation of escape mutants, as previously observed for other RNA viruses. Up to now, there is no study assessing HCV genotypes and subtypes in Heilongjiang Province, China.Methods: To determine genotype and phylogenetic analysis of HCV in Heilongjiang Province is crucial. In this study, we amplified 3 genome regions (5’UTR, E1, and NS5B) of 30 HCV patients in Heilongjiang Province, amplified products were analyzed by bioinformatics.Results: We found that 23 specimens had concordant subtypes in the 3 gene regions (2a and 1b), 7 HCV patients were considered the recombinants, the recombination pattern of the 7 HCV patients in the 5’UTR, E1, and NS5B region as followed: 1b/2a/1b, 2a/2a/1b, 1b/2a/2a, 1b/2a/1b, 1b/2a/1b, 1b/2a/1b, 2a/2a/1b.Conclusions: The findings in the present study showed that a higher recombination rate (23%) than other researches, and the recombination of 2a/1b in the 5’UTR, E1, and NS5B region was only found in the present study up to now.     

直线加速器小照野物理数据的测量和比较

背景与目的：对于精确的肿瘤放射治疗特别是立体定向和调强放射治疗,为了建立可靠的治疗计划系统剂量计算模型,提供准确的小照射物理数据尤其重要。本研究通过测量不同能量下小照野的物理数据,分析和比较不同方法和不同电离室之间相应的测量误差。方法：在直线加速器4、6、8MV光子线下,采用0．65、0．13、0．01cm^3的三种指形电离室,在30cm×30cm×30cm的固体水体模中测量了1cm×1cm～10cm×10cm照射野的总散射因子（total scatter factor,Scp）、准直器散射因子（collimator scatter factor,Sc）和组织最大剂量比（tissue-maximum ratio,TMR）等物理数据。对相应的测量结果进行了分析和比较。结果：照射野〉3cm×3cm时,不同电离室的Scp和Sc测量结果偏差在0．8％以内：3cm×3cm以下的照射野的测量结果差别较大（最大64％）;在4、6、8MV光子线1cm×1cm和2cm×2cm照射野的Sc测量中。0．13cm^3电离室拉长源皮距（〉150cm）比标准源皮距处（100cm）的测量结果分别大25．4％、6．9％、24．6％和1．4％、1．4％、2．2％;两种电离室0．01cm^3和0．13cm^3拉长距离测量的Sc对≥2cm×2cm照射野没有明显的偏差．对1cm×1cm照射野0．13cm^3比0．01cm^3测量值小0．2％、8．5％、3．4％。在1cm×1cm照射野的TMR测量中,0．01cm,和0．13cm^3电离室在15cm以下区域的测量偏差较大,约为4％左右。对于2cm×2cm及以上照射野TMR的测量结果偏差较小（〈1％）。〉3cm×3cm的照射野中,TMR测量的结果与百分深度剂量（percentage depth dose,PDD）转换得到的TMR数据在深度15cm之前一致性较好。15cm深度之后有明显的偏差（〉2％）。结论：测量小照射野物理数据时。由于侧向电子散射不够,需要谨慎选择测量探头。不同的测量探头对小照野物理数据的准确性可能存在较大的影响。当侧向电子平衡不能建立时,测量?