2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群归因于被动吸烟的肺癌疾病负担研究

目的 分析重庆市肺癌发病死亡和疾病负担归因于被动吸烟的情况,为开展肺癌防治提供建议。 方法 肺癌死亡个案数据来源于2019年重庆市肿瘤登记报告系统,被动吸烟率来自2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测。计算人群归因危险度百分比(population attributable risk percent, PAR%)、被动吸烟导致的肺癌发病、死亡和疾病负担。采用Excel 2010与SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 2013年30岁及以上成年人被动吸烟率为52.37%。2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率与标化发病率分别为118.44/10万与80.83/10万,死亡率与标化死亡率分别为96.51/10万、63.58/10万。肺癌发病率和死亡率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为19.76和19.04,归因发病率与归因标化发病率分别为23.41/10万和16.34/10万,归因死亡率与归因标化死亡率分别为18.38/10万和12.40/10万。2019年重庆市30岁及以上肺癌早死所致寿命损失年率(years of life lost,YLL)、残疾所致寿命损失年率(years lived with disability,YLD)、调整伤残寿命损失年率(disability adjusted life year,DALY)分别为21.16‰、0.31‰、21.47‰,YLL率、YLD率、DALY率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为21.16、19.76和20.49,归因YLL率为4.34‰,归因YLD率为0.06‰,归因DALY率为4.40‰。 结论 2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率、死亡率、YLL率、DALY率高,被动吸烟率高,肺癌归因于被动吸烟的疾病负担重,应加强落实控烟工作。     

Psychosocial mechanisms of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence of prostate cancer survivors

Abstract

Purpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial.

Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects.

Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3?months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6?months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables.

Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time.

Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI.     

Delivery of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin to the mouse lung using lung-accumulating liposomes proves unsuccessful

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Addition of solid doxorubicin or solutions to pre-formed liposomes proved to be the optimal method for incorporating the drug into liposomes whilst...     

组织扩张术皮肤胶原的代谢改变

目的：研究常规扩张（ＩＴＥ）和持续快速扩张（ＣＴＥ）对皮肤胶原代谢的影响。方法用白色小家猪制作组织扩张术动物模型，用Ｇｏｒｄｅｌａｄｚｅ法测定血清和扩张组织的羟脯氨酸（ＨＰ）含量，藻酸盐印模材膜片法测量标记区面积；光镜测量真皮厚度。结果：ＩＴＥ组血清ＨＰ含量升高，０．８倍，ＣＴＥ组升高１．２倍，ＩＴＥ和ＣＴＥ组皮肤含量与正常皮肤相同，组织中ＨＰ总量均明显升高，持续扩张皮瓣组（ＣＴＥＦ）术后４ｗｋ皮     

Influence of Qingdai Compound Capsule on the expression of c-myc in psoriatic keratinocytes) on the expression of c-myc in psoriatic keratinocytes

In this immunohistochemical study, the authors detected the expression of c-myc in keratinocytes (ECK) from 30 psoriatics before and after Qingdai Compound Capsule (QDCC) treatment and 12 normal subjects for control. The results showed that the ECK of patients before treatment was significantly higher than that in the normal control group, and its level was correlated with histopathological changes of affected skin. After treatment the ECK was normalized. It is believed that QDCC could decrease the ECK in psoriatics and this effect was probably mediated by inhibiting c-myc expression. This study provided an experimental evidence for the application of QDCC in treating psoriasis.     

钙拮抗药及烧伤血浆对大鼠PBMC内NF-κB活化和炎症介质产生的影响

目的 :探讨外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)内上游信号分子及核因子 κB(NF κB)在烧伤后炎症级联反应中的作用。　方法 :体外检测在烧伤血浆作用下的PBMC内游离Ca2 及NF κB活化的变化 ,观察钙通道阻断药对NF κB活化及IL 6、NO表达水平的调控作用。　结果 :不同时相点的烧伤血浆可使体外PBMC内Ca2 明显增加 ,培养的PBMC核内NF κB的积聚明显增加 ,培养上清中NO和IL 6高表达。应用尼莫通 (Nimodipine)和丹曲林 (Dantrium)对NF κB的活化有调节作用 ,对IL 6和NO亦有下调作用。　结论 :烧伤血浆可使PBMC内信号分子浓度明显增高 ,NF κB过度活化 ,并易位进入细胞核内 ,NF κB介导的促炎性细胞因子和NO过度表达。两种钙通道阻断药有调控细胞内信号转导的作用 ,对烧伤后全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)可能有防治作用     

颈内动脉接近完全闭塞时的处理

目的由于卒中风险随着狭窄严重程度的增加而升高，因此认为颈内动脉（ICA）接近闭塞患者的卒中风险很高。在现有的随机试验中，还没有专门针对这种情况进行探讨，因此其处理尚存在争汶。方法：对相关文献进行系统评价。结果：对ICA接近闭塞患者的处理还存在争议：一些学者支持进行干预，而另一些学者则认为存在风险或没有益处而反对进行干预。在ICA接近闭塞的有症状患者中进行一项比较外科治疗与最佳内科治疗的多中心前瞻性随机试验似乎非常困难，因为这类研究需要大量的患者。尽管如此，基于目前的证据，似乎很难拒绝手术治疗。结论：由于目前对ICA接近闭塞患者的最佳处理方案仍存在着争议，因此需要前瞻性观察性研究以证实其在有症状和无症状人群中的患病率以及相关的卒中风险。基于目前的证据，大多数医疗中心选择手术治疗，但它相对干内科治疗的特粱尚右待证章．