Dydrogesterone-induced hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Dydrogesterone, similar to women's natural progesterone, has been used in a wide range of gynecological conditions. Despite its widespread use, dydrogesterone-induced hepatotoxicity and dydrogesterone-induced hemolytic anemia have, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported previously. We describe a case of hepatitis and warm antibody hemolytic anemia due to dydrogesterone.     

The KBG syndrome: confirmation of autosomal dominant inheritance and further delineation of the phenotype

We report on a Turkish family in which the father and his two sons were diagnosed as having the KBG syndrome. Large upper central incisors were the diagnostic finding in all three patients along with mental retardation, cryptorchidism, skeletal abnormalities, and short stature. Our report clearly confirms that the inheritance is autosomal dominant in KBG syndrome, although a high male to female ratio has been observed in published cases.     

Calcium channel blockers prevent stress-induced ulcers in rats

Gastric mucosal damaged induced by cold and restraint stress caused increase in gastric lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in gastric glutathione levels. Two calcium-channel blockers, verapamil and nicardipine, prevented stress-induced increase in gastric LP, as well as ulcer formation. Both calcium-channel blockers protected against stress-induced ulcers, and inhibition of LP may be among their mechanisms of action.In memory of Dr. Ilker Aykaç whom we have started with.     

Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a critical regulator of adipogenesis. PPAR gamma+/- mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and thus PPAR gamma may mediate physiological responses to dietary fat in other mammals. The aim of this study was to determine whether the human PPAR gamma proline to alanine substitution polymorphism (Pro12Ala) modifies the association between dietary fat and adiposity and plasma lipids. Subjects (n=2141) were controls selected for three case-control studies nested within the Nurses' Health Study, a large ongoing prospective cohort study. Associations between intake of total fat, fat subtypes and BMI were different in PPAR gamma 12Ala variant allele-carriers compared with non-carriers. Among homozygous wild-type Pro/Pro individuals, those in the highest quintile of total fat intake, had significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) compared with those in the lowest quintile (27.3 versus 25.4 kg/m2, respectively; P-trend<0.0001) whereas among 12Ala variant allele-carriers there was no significant trend observed between dietary fat intake and BMI (P-trend=0.99; P-interaction=0.003). In contrast, intake of monounsaturated fat was not associated with BMI among homozygous wild-type women but was inversely associated with BMI among 12Ala variant allele-carriers (mean in lowest quintile=27.6 versus mean in highest quintile=25.5 kg/m2; P-trend=0.006; P-interaction=0.003). The relationship between dietary fat intake and plasma lipid concentrations also differed according to PPAR gamma genotype. These data suggest that PPAR gamma genotype is an important factor in physiological responses to dietary fat in humans.     

Bilateral synchronous granulomatous orchitis: gray-scale and colour Doppler sonographic findings

A 60-year-old man presented with impotence ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral irregular hypoechoic infiltration of testes and normal epididymis. Colour Doppler sonography showed only peripheral but no intralesional flow. Since the lesion was presumed as malignancy bilateral high inguinal orchiectomy was performed and bilateral idiopathic granulomatous orchitis was diagnosed. It was concluded that granulomatous orchitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse testicular hypoechoic involvement which showed only peripheral low-resistance flow on colour Doppler sonography, in the proper clinical setting. Although this may be a helpful sign in the differential diagnosis of diffuse testicular infiltrations, high inguinal exploration remains mandatory.