全文获取类型
收费全文 | 157篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 12篇 |
妇产科学 | 1篇 |
基础医学 | 10篇 |
口腔科学 | 3篇 |
临床医学 | 19篇 |
内科学 | 39篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 26篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 11篇 |
药学 | 22篇 |
肿瘤学 | 9篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 3篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 1篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有161条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
The populations of activated T-cell subsets [HLA-DR+ -Leu 4+ cells, interleukin 2 receptor positive (IL-2R +)-Leu 4+ cells] in the peripheral blood of patients with alopecia areata (AA) were investigated using double direct immunofluorescence staining. Fifty-eight patients with AA were classified into one of three types: those with inactive single AA (type 1) lesions, active multiple alopecia areata (MAA) lesions and active alopecia totalis (AT) (type 2) and chronic alopecia universalis (AU) (type 3). Compared to normal controls, high percentages of HLA-DR+-Leu 4+ cells were detected in types 2 and 3 AA patients, but not in type 1 AA patients. These findings suggest that T cells are activated in the peripheral blood of active MAA, AT and chronic AU. 相似文献
2.
MASAAKI SHIMATANI KAZUYUKI TSUJI YOSHIYA AZE SHIN YAMAMOTO NOBUYUKI SHIBATANI YOSHIHITO IMAI SHOICHIROH TAKAMIDO YOSHITSUGU KUBOTA KAZUICHI OKAZAKI 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2006,20(1):117-125
Background and Aims: Increased numbers and enhanced functions of peripheral neutrophils have been observed in obstructive jaundice. However, the effects of obstructive jaundice on the bone marrow, that is neutrophil production and acquisition of neutrophil chemotactic activity, have been poorly understood. In the present study, differentials of bone marrow cells and chemotactic activity of bone marrow neutrophils were evaluated in bile duct-obstructed rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent either bile duct obstruction for 10 days or bile duct obstruction for 4 days followed by 6 days' internal biliary drainage. Differentials of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were sequentially determined. Chemotactic activity of peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils was evaluated with a modified Boyden method using interleukin-8 (recombinant rat Gro-β) as a chemoattractant.
Results: Numbers of peripheral neutrophils significantly increased after bile duct obstruction. Significant increases in the myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio of bone marrow cells were observed after bile duct obstruction. The neutrophil proliferative pool (promyelocytes and myelocytes) increased initially, followed by an increased neutrophil storage pool (metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils). The M/E ratio as well as the neutrophil proliferative and storage pools normalized after internal biliary drainage. Chemotactic activity was enhanced in both peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils after bile duct obstruction, and enhanced chemotaxis was alleviated with internal biliary drainage.
Conclusion: The present results strongly suggest the principal role of the bone marrow in increasing the number of neutrophils and their chemotactic activity during obstructive jaundice. 相似文献
Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent either bile duct obstruction for 10 days or bile duct obstruction for 4 days followed by 6 days' internal biliary drainage. Differentials of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were sequentially determined. Chemotactic activity of peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils was evaluated with a modified Boyden method using interleukin-8 (recombinant rat Gro-β) as a chemoattractant.
Results: Numbers of peripheral neutrophils significantly increased after bile duct obstruction. Significant increases in the myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio of bone marrow cells were observed after bile duct obstruction. The neutrophil proliferative pool (promyelocytes and myelocytes) increased initially, followed by an increased neutrophil storage pool (metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils). The M/E ratio as well as the neutrophil proliferative and storage pools normalized after internal biliary drainage. Chemotactic activity was enhanced in both peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils after bile duct obstruction, and enhanced chemotaxis was alleviated with internal biliary drainage.
Conclusion: The present results strongly suggest the principal role of the bone marrow in increasing the number of neutrophils and their chemotactic activity during obstructive jaundice. 相似文献
3.
KUMIKO MASUYA HITOSHI OKADA TADASHI IMAI KENICHI ISOBE SUSUMU ITOH 《Pediatrics international》2006,48(2):163-165
4.
TOMOYUKI TAHARA KENSUKE USUKI HIROAKI SATO HIDEYA OHASHI HARUHIKO MORITA HARUHIKO TSUMURA ATSUSHI MATSUMOTO HIROSHI MIYAZAKI AKIO URABE & TAKASHI KATO 《British journal of haematology》1996,93(4):783-788
A sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been established to estimate serum thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations in healthy volunteers and patients with haemopoietic disorders. The ELISA uses a mouse monoclonal antibody (Ab) as the capture Ab and a biotinylated rabbit polyclonal Ab as the detector. The ELISA was reproducible, highly sensitive and specific for human TPO. The coefficients of intra- and inter-assay variation were from 3.0% to 4.9% and from 5.9% to 6.1%, respectively. The quantitative limit of the ELISA was 0.09 fmol/ml in serum. The quantitative limit was lower than the normal level. The dose–response curves of serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients with haemopoietic disorders were parallel to the standard curves. The ELISA did not cross-react with a variety of blood components and cytokines to produce false-positive results.
The serum TPO concentrations from 29 normal males and 21 females were 0.79 ± 0.35 and 0.70 ± 0.26 fmol/ml, respectively. Serum TPO levels in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) were measured using the ELISA. The serum TPO levels in the patients with ET ( n = 6, 2.80 ± 1.55 fmol/ml) were higher than the normal level. The patients with AA ( n = 7, 18.53 ± 12.37 fmol/ml) and ALL ( n = 5, 10.36 ± 5.57 fmol/ml) had significantly higher serum TPO levels than normal individuals. These results indicate that the ELISA specific to TPO should prove useful in measuring the TPO concentration in serum samples. 相似文献
The serum TPO concentrations from 29 normal males and 21 females were 0.79 ± 0.35 and 0.70 ± 0.26 fmol/ml, respectively. Serum TPO levels in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) were measured using the ELISA. The serum TPO levels in the patients with ET ( n = 6, 2.80 ± 1.55 fmol/ml) were higher than the normal level. The patients with AA ( n = 7, 18.53 ± 12.37 fmol/ml) and ALL ( n = 5, 10.36 ± 5.57 fmol/ml) had significantly higher serum TPO levels than normal individuals. These results indicate that the ELISA specific to TPO should prove useful in measuring the TPO concentration in serum samples. 相似文献
5.
IZUMI HASHIMOTO KAZUYOSHI IMAIZUMI NAOZUMI HASHIMOTO HIROSHI FURUKAWA YUKIHIRO NODA TSUTOMU KAWABE TOYOHIRO HONDA TOMOMI OGAWA MASAKI MATSUO NAOYUKI IMAI SATORU ITO MITSUO SATO MASASHI KONDO KAORU SHIMOKATA YOSHINORI HASEGAWA 《Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)》2013,18(2):340-347
Background and objective: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) has been reported to develop following ingestion of Sauropus androgynus (SA), a leafy shrub distributed in Southeast Asia. Little is known about direct effects of SA on airway resident cells or haematopoietic cells in vitro. Identification of the SA component responsible for the development of BO would be an important key to elucidate its mechanism. We sought to elucidate the direct effects of SA on airway resident cells or haematopoietic cells and identify the SA element responsible for the pathogenesis of BO. Methods: SA dry powder was partitioned into fractions by solvent extraction. Human and murine monocytic cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells were cultured with SA solution or fractions eluted from SA. We also investigated the effect of SA in vivo using a murine BO syndrome (BOS) model. Results: The aqueous fraction of SA induced significant increases of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production from monocytic lineage cells. This fraction also induced significant apoptosis of endothelial cells and enhanced intraluminal obstructive fibrosis in allogeneic trachea allograft in the murine BOS model. We found individual differences in tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) production from monocytes of healthy controls stimulated by this aqueous fraction of SA, whereas it induced high‐level TNF‐α production from monocytes of patients with SA‐induced BO. Conclusions: These results suggest that an aqueous fraction of SA may be responsible for the pathogenesis of BO. 相似文献
6.
KEIICHI ISOYAMA MITSURU IMAI AKIRA ISHIKAWA KAZUHIRO FUJITA YUMIKO SUTO TAMIKO SHINOHARA 《Pediatrics international》1995,37(1):101-104
A female child with dicentric translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 18 presented non-specific minor anomalies with laryngomalacia. Chromosomal analyses were performed by the G-banding method and a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with a specific probe for the centromeric region of chromosome 18 and the painting probe for the chromosomes 9 and 18. Her full karyotype was confirmed as 45, XX, tdic (9;18)(p24;p11). This is the first case of dicentric translocation between chromosomes 9 and 18. The FISH technique is an important tool in chromosome diagnostics. 相似文献
7.
TADASHI IMAI MASATOSHI KONDO KENICHI ISOBE SUSUMU ITOH SHOJU ONISHI 《Pediatrics international》1996,38(4):343-347
The effect of insulin induced hypoglycemia on cerebral energy metabolism was examined in four newborn piglets. Cerebral energy metabolism was assessed using in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the normal level of phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi), an indicator of phosphorylation potential, was maintained at a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL or above, whereas when blood glucose was reduced to less than 40 mg/dL, PCr/Pi rapidly decreased in parallel with this. Below the critical blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL, a positive correlation (y = 0.02x + 0.632; r = 0.668; P < 0.001) existed between blood glucose and PCr/Pi. In the present investigation, a reduction of blood glucose level to 20 mg/dL or lower resulted in a PCr/Pi of less than 1, indicating a state of cerebral energy failure. The intracellular pH (pHi) was 7.08 ± 0.05 at the onset and 7.15 ± 0.07 in the hypoglycemic state, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. The present study has clarified that cerebral energy failure occurs when the blood glucose level is about 20 mg/dL or lower. The critical point of blood glucose exists to maintain brain energy metabolism. 相似文献
8.
RYOICHI AWATA HIROSHI SAWAI KATSUYUKI IMAI KUNIHIKO TERADA HARUKI SENOO TOSHIHIRO SUGIYAMA 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1998,13(Z1):S55-S61
Four types of materials, type I collagen coat (Coat), acid-soluble type I collagen gel (Hardgel), pepsin-treated acid-soluble type I collagen gel (Softgel), and an extract of extracellular matrix of the murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma (Matrigel), were used as matrices to culture rat hepatic parenchymal cells, and their morphological changes and adhesion were compared to the matrices by electron microscopic observations. Hepatic parenchymal cells cultured on Coat and Hardgel were extended and flattened, whereas cells cultured on Softgel and Matrigel assembled and formed aggregates. Such aggregates consisted of several hepatic parenchymal cells, with a recognizable bile duct-like alveolus on the inside. Morphologically, the aggregates were more spherical on Matrigel and oval shaped on Softgel. Microvilli of the cell surface were parallel to the matrix on Matrigel, but invaded into the gel on Softgel. Subsequently, investigation into how these morphological features affected the liver-specific functions, including secretion of albumin and induction of P450 by 3-methylcholanthrene, demonstrated that a high level of liver function was maintained in a long-term culture in hepatic parenchymal cells on Softgel. These results suggest that hepatic parenchymal cell interactions were stronger with Softgel than with Matrigel, and that Softgel appears to closely mimic the in vivo environment. 相似文献
9.
HISAKAZU MIHARA KOICHI IKESUE SANNAMU LEE HARUHIKO AOYAGI TETSUO KATO TAMIO UENO NOBUO IZUMIYA 《Chemical biology & drug design》1986,28(2):141-145
In order to investigate the role of the L-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid residue at position 2 of AM-toxin I (cyclic tetradepsipeptide) on necrotic activity for apple leaves, two analogs, [L-lactic acid2] AM-toxin I and [L-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid2] AM-toxin I, were synthesized by the conventional method for peptide synthesis. The toxic activity of the former analog was much weaker than that of the natural AM-toxin I and the latter analog. CD spectra of AM-toxin I and these analogs were correlated to those toxic activities, indicating that bulkiness of the side chain at position 2 is important for the maintenance of active conformation and the induction of necrotic activity. 相似文献
10.
RITSUKO KOHNO M.D. HARUHIKO ABE M.D. F.A.C.C. YASUSHI OGINOSAWA M.D. TOSHIHISA NAGATOMO M.D. YUTAKA OTSUJI M.D. F.A.C.C 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2007,30(S1):S203-S206
The treatment of severe orthostatic hypotension (OH) is currently unsatisfactory and usually includes various pharmaceuticals to expand the blood volume and promote peripheral vasoconstriction. This study examined the short- and intermediate-term effects of atrial tachypacing (ATP) in patients with severe OH. We implanted dual chamber pacemakers in five patients (mean age 64 ± 7 years; four men), presenting with drug refractory, recurrent syncope, and OH due to panautonomic failure with severe chronotropic incompetence and absence of rate acceleration upon assuming the upright posture. The blood pressure (BP) was measured in the supine and passive upright postures, during sinus rhythm, and during atrial pacing at 90, 100, and 110 ppm, at 1 week and at discharge and/or 3 months after pacemaker implantation. Alleviation of symptoms and a delay in the fall in upright BP were observed in a single patient at 1 week, while at discharge and/or 3 months, all patients were markedly improved. The mean fall in systolic/diastolic BP between supine and upright position decreased from 73 ± 17/46 ± 13 mmHg before, to 56 ± 27/41 ± 30 mmHg during ATP. Although these changes did not reach statistical significance, the time required for the fall in BP lengthened significantly from 2.1 ± 0.2 minutes during sinus rhythm to 9.3 ± 1.5 minutes during ATP (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: At discharge and/or 3 months of follow-up, ATP conferred beneficial effects on orthostatic BP and alleviated symptoms in patients with severe OH. The short-term effects of ATP did not reflect its longer-term effects in four of the five patients. 相似文献
Conclusions: At discharge and/or 3 months of follow-up, ATP conferred beneficial effects on orthostatic BP and alleviated symptoms in patients with severe OH. The short-term effects of ATP did not reflect its longer-term effects in four of the five patients. 相似文献