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排序方式: 共有1099条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Judith Bernardini Valerie Price Ana Figueiredo Aase Riemann Dora Leung 《Peritoneal dialysis international》2006,26(6):658-663
OBJECTIVE: To survey nurses around the world about current practices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) home training programs. DESIGN: Random sampling of nurses to complete a written survey from the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Liaison Committee. Settings: United States, Canada, South America (Brazil, Columbia), The Netherlands, Hong Kong. METHODS: Surveys and responses were sent by fax whenever possible, or by regular mail, or hand carried, or conducted by telephone. Results were stratified by geographic areas as well as by cumulative responses and were expressed as medians with ranges. Kruskal-Wallis was used to evaluate differences in responses. Associations between variables were tested with Pearson correlation. Univariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of variables on peritonitis rates. Variables with p < 0.10 were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 317 nurses responded: 88 in the United States, 46 in Canada, 58 in South America, 58 in Hong Kong, and 67 in The Netherlands. This represented 37% of all surveys distributed. Respondents had a median of 12 years' experience in nephrology (range 1-35 years), but only 31% had a formal background in adult education. Nearly half received their guidance to patient training from a nurse colleague, 11% were guided by a corporate colleague, and 8% were simply self-taught. Clinics responding had a median of 30 PD patients (range 1-400) and reported they trained a median of 8 patients per year (range 0-86). Reported peritonitis rates were a median 0.46 per year or 1 episode every 26 months. Peritonitis rates, however, were not known by 53% of respondents. Total training time per patient had a very wide range of hours, from 6 to 96. There was no correlation between training time and peritonitis rates among the study respondents (p = 0.38), nor with any other variables. CONCLUSIONS: There is wide variation in practices for PD patient training programs within countries and around the world. Training time did not appear to be related to peritonitis rates. Randomized trials of training practices are needed to determine which approaches produce the best outcomes for patients. 相似文献
2.
Knee arthroscopy and arthrotomy under local anesthesia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report our experience with knee arthroscopy in local anesthesia in 64 patients with subsequent arthrotomy in 14 of these. The effectiveness of the anesthetic method was evaluated by both the patient and the anesthetic personnel. There was no difference in pain assessment between arthroscopy alone and arthroscopy followed by arthrotomy. Half of the patients had no pain and only one regarded the procedure as very painful. Supplementary analgesia with 0.05 mg fentanyl was given to half of the patients not undergoing arthrotomy and to two thirds of those who had arthrotomy. It was not necessary to abandon any arthroscopic or surgical procedure because of pain. We conclude that local anesthesia is a safe and practical method for diagnostic arthroscopy, arthroscopic surgery, and minor arthrotomy. 相似文献
3.
Background
The behaviour of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by low predictability of responding. Low behavioural predictability is one way of operationalizing intra-individual ADHD-related variability. ADHD-related variability may be caused by inefficient behavioural selection mechanisms linked to reinforcement and extinction, as suggested by the recently published dynamic developmental theory (DDT) of ADHD. DDT argues that ADHD is a basic neurobehavioural disorder, caused by dysfunctioning dopamine systems. For establishing ADHD as a neurobehavioural disorder, findings from studies conducted in Western countries should be replicated in other cultural populations. The present study replicated the study conducted in Norway, with children from the Limpopo province in the Republic of South Africa. 相似文献4.
GP SCHWAB AL BLUM E BODNER B DALLEMAGNE K GLASER H KOOP F PACE W RÖSCH JR SIEWERT G WETSCHER 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(12):785-789
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. With the introduction of proton pump inhibitors medical treatment of GERD has been significantly improved. However, the development of laparoscopic antireflux surgery resulted in an increasing interest of surgeons in this disease. An interactive meeting was organized in order to develop an agreement between gastoenterologists and surgeons regarding therapeutic decisions and this is the main topic of this paper. 相似文献
5.
6.
Thor S. Trovik Aase Vaartun Georg Sager 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》1995,77(4):270-275
Abstract: Loss of adrenergic hypoglycaemic symptoms is the most distinctive feature in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness. Previous reports from in vivo studies show reduced heart rate responsiveness both to adrenergic agonists and antagonists in these patients. This study was carried out to investigate whether the reduced adrenergic sensitivity in IDDM patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness (IDDM-unaware) also could be demonstrated as reduced increase in cAMP production in mononuclear leucocytes induced by isoprenaline stimulation, or reduced inhibition by ICI-118551 (a selective β2-adrenergic receptor blocker) of isoprenaline induced cAMP production. We found that the slope of the concentration-response curves of isoprenaline/cAMP and the maximal cAMP concentrations obtained after isoprenaline stimulation were reduced in IDDM-unaware compared to control and IDDM patients with normal hypoglycaemia awareness (IDDM-aware). We did not find any significant differences in the response to ICI-118551 between control, IDDM-aware and IDDM-unaware. This study supports the reports of reduced sensitivity of adrenergic agonists as a part of the pathophysiological changes in hypoglycaemia unawareness, but we have not been able to confirm the reports of an association between hypoglycaemia unawareness and reduced effect of adrenergic antagonists. 相似文献
7.
The diffusion of cardiovascular disease in the Norwegian farming community: a combination of morbidity and mortality data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article analyses an observed increase in cardiovascular morbidity among male farmers in Norway during the last decade in the light of the traditionally low mortality in farmers. Three hypotheses to explain the increases in CVD morbidity are tested, of which one, stating that there is a time lag in the spread of risk factors, proves to be most fruitful. Mortality data for agricultural communities show no increase in overall CVD rates, but when age-specific rates are analysed, an increase in the younger age groups emerges, especially for ischaemic heart disease. If this process continues, farmers and farming areas may change from low to high mortality, relatively speaking. It is argued that this change is due to a time lag in two waves, first an increase in risk factors such as smoking, more fatty diets and less physically demanding work, then improved lifestyles due to a better perception of risk factors. Both waves may be affecting rural areas later than the urban centres. Knowledge of such geographical and socio-economic diffusion processes is important in the planning and implementation of prevention programmes. 相似文献
8.
Wang J Jarvis GA Achtman M Rosenqvist E Michaelsen TE Aase A Griffiss JM 《Infection and immunity》2000,68(4):1871-1878
The meningococcal PorA protein is considered a promising vaccine candidate. Although much is understood regarding the structure of PorA proteins, little is known about the structure-function relationships of PorA antibodies. The aim of this study was to compare the functional and molecular characteristics of a human monoclonal antibody (MAb) and three murine MAbs specific for the PorA P1.7 serosubtype. Murine MAbs 207,B-4 (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a]) and MN14C11.6 (IgG2a) were both bactericidal and opsonophagocytic for P1.7-expressing meningococci, whereas human MAb SS269 (IgG3) and murine MAb 208,D-5 (IgA) initiated neither effector function. Epitope mapping with synthetic peptides revealed that MAbs 207,B-4 and 208,D-5 recognized the sequence ASGQ, which is the same specificity motif that a previous study had established for SS269 and MN14C11.6. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses of the variable regions of the four MAbs showed that the SS269 V(H) region belonged to the VH3 family and was approximately 70% homologous to those of the murine MAbs which were all from the 7183 family, whereas the SS269 V(L) region belonged to the Vlambda1-b family and was less than 40% homologous to those of the murine MAbs which were all members of the Vkappa1 family. The Fab fragment of SS269 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses to bind as well as intact SS269 MAb to P1.7,16 serosubtype group B strain 44/76. We conclude that distinct differences exist in the effector function activities and variable region gene sequences of human and murine P1.7-specific MAbs despite their recognition of similar epitopes. 相似文献
9.
Missense FGFR3 mutations create cysteine residues in thanatophoric dwarfism type I (TD1) 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
Rousseau F; el Ghouzzi V; Delezoide AL; Legeai-Mallet L; Le Merrer M; Munnich A; Bonaventure J 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(4):509-512
Thanatophoric dwarfism (TD) is a sporadic lethal skeletal dysplasia with
micromelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, platyspondyly and reduced
thoracic cavity. In the most common subtype (TD1), femurs are curved, while
in TD2, straight femurs are associated with cloverleaf skull. Mutations in
the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene were identified in
both subtypes. While TD2 was accounted for by a single recurrent mutation
in the tyrosine kinase 2 domain, TD1 resulted from either stop codon
mutations or missense mutations in the extracellular domain of the gene.
Here, we report the identification of FGFR3 mutations in 25/26 TD cases.
Two novel missense mutations (Y373C and G370C) were detected in 8/26 and
1/26 TD1 cases respectively. Both mutations created cysteine residues in
the juxta extramembrane domain of the receptor. Sixteen cases carried the
previously reported R248C (9/26 cases), S249C (2/26 cases) or stop codon
FGFR3 mutations (5/26 cases). Our results suggest that TD1 is a genetically
homogeneous condition and give additional support to the view that newly
created cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the protein play a
key role in the severity of the disease.
相似文献
10.