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1.
Normal adolescent development is often accompanied by transient emotional and behavioral problems. For most individuals with postpubertal-onset adjustment problems, there is a resolution by early adulthood and relative stability through the adult life span. But for a minority, adjustment problems escalate during adolescence and portend the development of serious mental illness in adulthood. In this article, we explore adolescent behavioral changes and neurodevelopmental processes that might contribute to stress sensitivity and vulnerability for the emergence of the mental disorders. Of particular interest is the role that hormonal changes might play in the expression of genetic vulnerabilities for psychopathology. Drawing on recent findings from clinical research and behavioral neuroscience, we describe the ways in which postpubertal hormones might alter brain function and, thereby, behavior. It is concluded that there are both activational and organization effects of hormones on the adolescent brain, and these contribute to developmental discontinuities in behavioral adjustment. Implications for adult psychopathology and preventive intervention are discussed. 相似文献
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Albright David L. McDaniel Justin Suntai Zainab Horan Holly York Mary 《Maternal and child health journal》2021,25(8):1345-1351
Maternal and Child Health Journal - Alcohol use during pregnancy is a critical public health issue that results in several adverse outcomes for both mother and child. While the prevalence of and... 相似文献
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Maria Mantzorou Dimitrios Papandreou Georgios K. Vasios Eleni Pavlidou Georgios Antasouras Evmorfia Psara Zainab Taha Efthymios Poulios Constantinos Giaginis 《Nutrients》2022,14(17)
Introduction: Obesity is a current public health concern. Higher body weight is influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and their interplay and is associated with a greater risk for several chronic diseases. Breastfeeding has been suggested as a preventive measure against obesity, which can further reduce long-term negative health outcomes for both women and children. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of breastfeeding on maternal and childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 2515 healthy mothers and their children, aged 2–5 years, enrolled from nine different Greek rural and urban regions. Validated, standardized questionnaires were administrated that included anthropometric indices, socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children, as well as breastfeeding practices. Results: Overall, 68% of participated women exclusively breastfed their children for at least 4 months. Mothers that exclusively breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity after 2–5 years from delivery (p < 0.0001). Children that had exclusively been breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity at the age of 2–5 years (p < 0.0001). Using multivariate regression analysis, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months was associated with a two-fold lower risk for maternal and childhood overweight and obesity after 2–5 years from delivery, independent from maternal age, educational and economic status, and smoking habits (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months had a positive effect on childhood overweight and obesity, also contributing beneficially to post-natal maternal weight control. The beneficial effects of breastfeeding should be communicated to future and new mothers, while supportive actions for all mothers to initiate and continue breastfeeding their offspring should be implemented. 相似文献
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Zainab Samad Ali Aahil Noorali Awais Farhad Safia Awan Nada Qaiser Qureshi Minaz Mawani Mushyada Ali Laiba Masood Ghufran Adnan Linda K. Shaw Fahim Haider Jafary Salim S. Virani Eric J. Velazquez Zulfiqar Bhutta Gerald S. Bloomfield Javed Tai 《Global Heart》2022,17(1)
Background and Objective:Few data exist on trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patterns spanning recent epidemiological shifts in low middle-income countries (LMICs). To understand temporal disease patterns of AMI characteristics and outcomes between 1988–2018, we used digitized legacy clinical data at a large tertiary care centre in Pakistan.Methods:We reviewed digital health information capture systems maintained across the Aga Khan University Hospital and obtained structured elements to create a master dataset. We included index admissions of patients >18 years that were discharged between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2018, with a primary discharge diagnosis of AMI (using ICD-9 diagnoses). The outcome evaluated was in-hospital mortality.Clinical characteristics derived from the electronic database were validated against chart review in a random sample of cases (k 0.53–1.00).Results:The final population consisted of 14,601 patients of which 30.6% (n = 4,470) were female, 52.4% (n = 7,651) had ST elevation MI and 47.6% (n = 6,950) had non-ST elevation MI. The median (IQR) age at presentation was 61 (52–70) years. Overall unadjusted in-hospital mortality was 10.3%. Across the time period, increasing trends were noted for the following characteristics: age, proportion of women, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, proportion with NSTEMI (all ptrend < 0.001). In-hospital mortality rates declined significantly between 1988–1997 and 2008–2018 (13.8% to 9.2%, p < 0.001).Conclusions:The patterns of AMI have changed over the last three decades with a concomitant decline in in-hospital mortality at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan. Clinical digitized data presents a unique opportunity for gaining insights into disease patterns in LMICs. 相似文献
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Kohel Kara Hatton-Bowers Holly Williams Natalie Dev Dipti Behrends Donnia Hulse Emily Rida Zainab Dingman Holly Dinkel Danae Gebhart Liz 《Maternal and child health journal》2021,25(4):510-520
Maternal and Child Health Journal - Breastfeeding and responsive feeding are important practices that support the health of infants and women. In the United States, breastfeeding continuation rates... 相似文献
8.
The additional utility of two‐dimensional strain in detection of coronary artery disease presence and localization in patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiogram
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Fluconazole resistance and resultant failure to control Candida vaginitis (vulvovaginal candidiasis) remains extremely uncommon; however, long-term clinically relevant decrease in fluconazole susceptibility undoubtedly occurs and accompanies prolonged fluconazole chemoprophylaxis. Accordingly, in patients with refractory vaginitis or breakthrough infections due to Candida albicans, in vitro susceptibility testing is essential to optimally manage vaginitis. 相似文献