Systemic Antiinflammatory Corticosteroid Reduces Mechanical Pain Behavior, Sympathetic Sprouting, and Elevation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Background: Chronic pain models are commonly defined as either nerve-injury or inflammation models, but recent work suggests inflammatory processes are important in nerve injury-induced pain.

Methods: In the rat spinal nerve ligation model, the authors examined effects of systemic corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the cytokine protein profile and sympathetic sprouting in the axotomized sensory ganglia, excitability of sensory neurons, and mechanical sensitivity.

Results: By postoperative day 3, marked increases (5- to 16-fold) in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC or CXCL1), and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed, whereas IL-4 and IL-2 levels fell more than fourfold. The increased cytokines and number of sympathetic basket formations in the sensory ganglia were reduced toward normal values by TA given starting at the time of injury. Interleukin-4 and IL-2 levels were not restored by TA. Systemic TA also reduced the firing rate and incidence of bursting activity, but not the overall incidence of spontaneous activity, in large- and medium-sized neurons. Mechanical hypersensitivity on postoperative day 3 was reduced by TA, and some effect could still be observed 4 days after cessation of TA. However, starting TA at day 7 was ineffective.     

How do the Growth and Metabolic Activity of Aquatic fungi Geotrichum Candidum and Aspergillus Niger Respond to Nanoplastics?

In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS) and amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (APS) at environmental concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg L^??1) on two fungal species (Geotrichum candidum and Aspergillus niger), isolated from leaf litter in streams, concerning their growth and metabolic activity. Results showed that PS at 1 and 10 µg L^??1 have hormesis effects on G. candidum growth. Compared with G. candidum, A. niger had higher sensitivity to nanoplastic exposure. Besides, the peroxidase and cellobiohydrolase activities of A. niger were significantly inhibited by nanoplastics (except 1 µg L^??1 PS), which would weaken its metabolic activity in carbon cycling. These results provided a new thought on how the growth and functions of aquatic fungi cope with the stress induced by nanoplastics. Overall, the study provided evidence for the different responses of aquatic fungi to nanoplastics in streams.

     

Local Inflammation in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Alters Excitability and Ion Currents in Small-diameter Sensory Neurons

Background: Chronic pain conditions may result from peripheral nerve injury, chronic peripheral inflammation, or sensory ganglia inflammation. However, inflammatory processes may also contribute to peripheral nerve injury responses. To isolate the contribution of local inflammation of sensory ganglia to chronic pain states, the authors previously developed a rat model in which long-lasting pain is induced by inflaming sensory ganglia without injuring the neurons. This results in prolonged mechanical pain, local increases in proinflammatory cytokines, increased neuronal hyperexcitability, and abnormal spontaneous activity.

Methods: The authors used whole cell patch clamp in acutely isolated small-diameter neurons to determine how localized inflammation (3-5 days) of L4 and L5 ganglia altered voltage-gated K+ and Na+ currents.

Results: Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ currents increased twofold to threefold in neurons from inflamed ganglia. Tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents increased more than twofold, but only in cells that bound isolectin B4. These increases occurred without shifts in voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Similar results are seen in models of peripheral inflammation, except for the large magnitudes. Unlike most pain models, localized inflammation increased rather than decreased voltage-gated K+ currents, due to increased amplitudes of the sustained (delayed rectifier) and fast-inactivating transient components. The overall effect in current clamp experiments was an increase in excitability as indicated by decreased rheobase and lower action potential threshold.     

互动微信群结合CBL在血管外科见习中的应用

目的 探讨互动微信群结合病例教学（case-based learning,CBL）在血管外科见习教学中的应用效果。方法 对随机分组的128名在血管外科临床见习的7年制学生分别实施互动微信群结合CBL（试验组）和单纯CBL（对照组）;用统一的考核方法评估两组学生接受专业理论及临床知识的情况,评价两种教学在血管外科见习中的教学效果。用SPSS 22.0进行t检验。结果 试验组的理论考试成绩为（86.36±7.42）分,临床考试成绩为（88.44±7.62）分,高于对照组的（84.71±6.72）分和（86.22±6.41）分;试验组学生在学习兴趣、课堂气氛、自学能力、临床思维和团队精神共5方面的满意度也高于对照组。结论 互动微信群结合CBL能提高血管外科临床见习的教学效果,提高学生的自学能力及临床思维能力。     

FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合在胸腹部肿瘤病变诊断中的价值

目的 :初步评价FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合在胸腹部肿瘤病变诊断中的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 2 2例疑为胸腹部肿瘤或肿瘤术后复发而行18F -FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层联合扫描同机图像融合患者的资料。结果 :14例肿瘤或肿瘤术后复发的患者FDG显像 ,在 34个病灶中共检出 33个病灶 ( 97.1% )。融合影像可更加直观清晰地显示占位性病变或肿大淋巴结的代谢活性。其中 4例 ( 4 /14 )患者位于邻近膈肌上下及胸椎体、前列腺的 6个病灶 ( 6 /34)必须借助融合图像才能精确定位。结论 :FDG双探头符合成像与X线断层图像同机融合可明显提高符合显像定位诊断的准确性。     

八段锦联合复方降脂茶对非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脏脂肪含量、血脂的影响

目的:探讨八段锦联合复方降脂茶对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)患者肝脏脂肪含量,血三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平的影响。方法:120例NAFLD患者随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予常规饮食和运动指导,观察组在对照组干预基础上给予八段锦运动及复方降脂茶。3个月后,比较两组患者肝脏脂肪含量,血三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平。结果:干预后,观察组患者脂肪含量为(241.65±14.65)dB·mW^-1,对照组患者脂肪含量为(259.60±15.91)dB·mW^-1,两组患者肝脏脂肪含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者三酰甘油为(2.45±1.04)mmol·L^-1,对照组患者三酰甘油为(2.98±1.06)mmol·L^-1,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者低密度脂蛋白为(3.59±0.59)mmol·L^-1,对照组为(4.0...     

衰竭贫血患者生活质量的干预研究

目的:观察慢性心力衰竭(CHF)贫血患者生活质量并评价干预对其影响。方法:对入选的319例CHF患者分为A组和B组,并按血红蛋白水平分为贫血组和非贫血组,采用6min步行试验及明尼苏达心功能不全生活质量量表(Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire,LH-FQ)对其治疗前及治疗后6个月时的生活质量进行评估。结果:采用不同方案治疗后的结果显示,B组贫血组在贫血改善后6min步行距离随时间的推进而增加,LHFQ积分随时间的推进而逐步下降,且优于A组(P<0.05),并且联合用药治疗CHF患者优于单一药物。结论:积极纠正贫血,规范治疗对老年性CHF病人的生活质量有显著的改善作用。     

中西医结合治疗强直性脊柱炎临床疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的:评价30年来国内中西医结合治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效及安全性。方法:电子检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方学术期刊数据库、维普中文期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)等作为资料来源,检索时间均从建库至2011年12月。评价纳入研究的质量,用Revman5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入31个随机对照试验,包括2629例患者。中西医结合总有效率要优于传统的改善病情抗风湿药,对Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数、Bath强直性脊柱炎综合指数的改善有潜在优势。结论:仍需高质量的临床试验研究进一步验证中西医结合强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效和安全性.     

NCSTN基因沉默对HaCaT细胞增殖分化的影响

【摘要】 目的 检测NCSTN基因稳定沉默的人永生化角质形成细胞（HaCaT）增殖活性及相关分化蛋白的改变,初步探索反常性痤疮发病的可能机制。方法 构建慢病毒介导shRNA沉默NCSTN基因的HaCaT细胞模型（shRNA组）,转染空载慢病毒的HaCaT细胞作为阴性对照组,实时定量PCR和Western印迹法检测NCSTN基因的沉默效率。CCK8法检测HaCaT细胞增殖活性,实时定量PCR和Western印迹法检测HaCaT细胞角蛋白（CK1、CK5、CK7、CK10、CK14、CK16、CK17、CK18、CK19、CK20）及其他分化分子（内披蛋白、兜甲蛋白）mRNA和蛋白的表达。两组计量资料的比较采用两独立样本t检验。结果 shRNA组NCSTN mRNA及蛋白表达（0.42 ± 0.19、0.30 ± 0.07）均显著低于阴性对照组（1.00 ± 0.34、1.00 ± 0.26;t = 5.196、2.637,P < 0.001、< 0.05）,基因沉默效率达70%。与阴性对照组相比,shRNA组HaCaT细胞明显增殖活跃,CK16、CK19蛋白表达显著下调（t = 3.787、3.817,P < 0.01、< 0.05）,终末分化分子内披蛋白表达明显降低（t = 2.904,P < 0.05）。结论 稳定沉默NCSTN基因表达会引起HaCaT细胞异常增殖分化,为后续探究NCSTN基因突变引起反常性痤疮提供新思路。     

法舒地尔对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨Rho激酶抑制剂法舒地尔(fasudil)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)所致小鼠败血症继发急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的保护作用及机制?方法:C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照(Control)组?LPS模型组?LPS+fasudil(10 mg/kg)组?LPS + 地塞米松(dexamethasone,Dex,5 mg/kg)组?造模后观察不同时间点各组生存率,6 h处死小鼠收集血清?支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)?肺组织,ELISA测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)?白细胞介素(IL)-1β?IL-10水平,检测BALF中细胞计数和蛋白浓度,HE染色观察各组肺组织病理改变,湿干重比评估肺含水量,ELISA测定肺组织中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)含量?结果:fasudil可显著改善动物生存率?延长生存时间;缓解肺组织炎性损伤及肺水肿程度,降低MPO含量,下调血清中促炎细胞因子IL-1β?TNF-α水平,上调抗炎细胞因子IL-10表达?结论:fasudil可有效缓解LPS所致的小鼠ALI,其作用可能与减轻受累肺组织炎症反应相关?