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1.
Hilde Tobi Paul B. van den Berg Lolkje TW de Jong‐van den Berg 《Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety》2006,15(3):211-211
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2005; 14: 239–247. 相似文献
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Periosteal Ewing sarcoma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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C Rizan J Ansell TW Tilston N Warren J Torkington 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2015,97(8):549-555
Introduction
Self-assessment is a way of improving technical capabilities without the need for trainer feedback. It can identify areas for improvement and promote professional medical development. The aim of this review was to identify whether selfassessment is an accurate form of technical skills appraisal in general surgery.Methods
The PubMed, MEDLINE®, Embase™ and Cochrane databases were searched for studies assessing the reliability of self-assessment of technical skills in general surgery. For each study, we recorded the skills assessed and the evaluation methods used. Common endpoints between studies were compared to provide recommendations based on the levels of evidence.Results
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria from 22,292 initial papers. There was no level 1 evidence published. All papers compared the correlation between self-appraisal versus an expert score but differed in the technical skills assessment and the evaluation tools used. The accuracy of self-assessment improved with increasing experience (level 2 recommendation), age (level 3 recommendation) and the use of video playback (level 3 recommendation). Accuracy was reduced by stressful learning environments (level 2 recommendation), lack of familiarity with assessment tools (level 3 recommendation) and in advanced surgical procedures (level 3 recommendation).Conclusions
Evidence exists to support the reliability of self-assessment of technical skills in general surgery. Several variables have been shown to affect the accuracy of self-assessment of technical skills. Future work should focus on evaluating the reliability of self-assessment during live operating procedures. 相似文献5.
A non-human primate antiserum was prepared to acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell phenotype (T-ALL) and, after absorptions with normal blood elements, reacted by immunofluorescence and microcytotoxicity to all the T-ALL tested. In addition, the antiserum reacted with cells from about 70% of the common ALL studied and immunoprecipitated the common ALL antigen of 100,000 daltons. However, when the anti-T-ALL serum was absorbed with with lymphoblasts from common ALL, it failed to react with common ALL lymphoblasts, yet reacted significantly with cells from patients with T-ALL phenotype and defined a 100,000-dalton membrane component not found on common ALL lymphoblasts. In addition, sequential immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled T-ALL membranes by anti- common-ALL serum followed by anti-T-ALL serum detected the T-ALL membrane component of 100,000 daltons that was not found on common ALL. Thus, our results demonstrate the presence of of a unique human T-ALL antigen present on all T-ALL distinct from the common ALL antigen. 相似文献
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SJ Smith CV Rahman PA Clarke AA Ritchie TW Gould JH Ward KM Shakesheff RG Grundy R Rahman 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(7):495-501
Introduction
The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4) remains less than 18 months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Surgical implantation of chemotherapy eluting wafers into the resection cavity has been shown to improve length of survival but the current licensed therapy has several drawbacks. This paper investigates in vivo efficacy of a novel drug eluting paste in glioblastoma.Methods
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) self-sintering paste was loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and delivered surgically into partially resected tumours in a flank murine glioblastoma xenograft model.Results
Surgical delivery of the paste was successful and practical, with no toxicity or surgical morbidity to the animals. The paste was retained in the tumour cavity, and preliminary results suggest a useful antitumour and antiangiogenic effect, particularly at higher doses. Bioluminescent imaging was not affected significantly by the presence of the paste in the tumour.Conclusions
Chemotherapy loaded PLGA/PEG paste seems to be a promising technology capable of delivering active drugs into partially resected tumours. The preliminary results of this study suggest efficacy with no toxicity and will lead to larger scale efficacy studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models. 相似文献7.
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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for many cultured connective tissue cells. It is present in concentrated form within the platelet alpha-granules and is believed to be released during platelet degranulation at sites of vascular injury. We have used a sensitive radioreceptor assay to measure PDGF levels in whole blood serum from normal humans [17.5 +/- 3.1 (SD) ng/mL] and baboons (2.7 +/- 1.2 ng/mL). PDGF was not detected in plasma from either species. In addition, plasma was found to substantially reduce the ability of added purified PDGF to bind to the cell surface PDGF receptor on cultured cells, suggesting that plasma may contain a PDGF-binding protein that would serve to inactivate PDGF released into plasma. Calculations of PDGF concentrations in serum have been corrected for the effects of the binding protein. 125I-PDGF injected intravenously into normal baboons was cleared rapidly from the plasma (t1/2 = two minutes). The rapid clearance of 125I-PDGF did not result from iodination damage, as purified unlabeled PDGF was cleared with comparable kinetics. The rapid clearance of purified and iodinated PDGF did not result from changes in PDGF structure during purification or from removal of PDGF-associated proteins during purification, as PDGF present in freeze-thaw lysates of fresh platelets was cleared equally rapidly. We conclude that release of PDGF at sites of vascular injury would greatly increase the local concentration of PDGF and that PDGF not localized to the site of injury would be rapidly cleared from the circulation. 相似文献
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