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1.
2.
Intracranial circulation: pulse-sequence considerations in three- dimensional (volume) MR angiography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The technique and feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of intracranial vessels were studied in 35 healthy volunteers. Variations in image orientation, repetition time (TR), and flip angle were evaluated to determine their effects on flow-related enhancement. Gradient modifications--including echo time (TE), motion compensation, bandwidth, and field of view--were also studied in an effort to reduce motion-induced phase shifts. Results indicated that a FISP (fast imaging with steady precession) sequence with a TR of 50 msec, TE of 15 msec, velocity compensation in the read and section-select directions, acceleration compensation in the read direction, anisotropic volume, and a 1.25-mm partition thickness produced three-dimensional angiographic MR images that were accurate and reproducible in the depiction of the major intracranial vessels. Difficulties with field of view, persistent signal void secondary to higher-order motion, and spatial resolution remain major problems requiring additional study. 相似文献
3.
Mouse antisera specific for desmosomal adhesion molecules of suprabasal skin cells, meninges, and meningioma. 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
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E P Parrish D R Garrod D L Mattey L Hand P V Steart R O Weller 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1986,83(8):2657-2661
Mouse polyclonal antisera were raised to the Mr 130,000 and Mr 115,000 cell surface glycoproteins, desmocollins, of desmosomes from bovine nasal epithelium. Immunoblotting confirmed that the antisera were specific for the desmocollins. An immunofluorescence study showed that the antisera distinguished between the basal and suprabasal layers of bovine and human epidermis. The antibodies reacted with cultured keratinocytes only after calcium-induced stratification. In epidermis, therefore, there appears to be a difference between the desmocollins of basal and suprabasal cells that may be important in relation to epidermal differentiation. Previous work has shown that polyclonal antisera raised in other animals (guinea pigs and rabbits) against desmocollins, as well as against other desmosomal components, react with all desmosome-containing epithelia. In contrast, an immunofluorescence survey of bovine, rat, and human tissues showed that the present mouse antisera stained only suprabasal skin cells and the arachnoid layer of the meninges, demonstrating that these have common determinants that distinguished their desmocollins from those of all other tissues. The antibodies also stained 11 of 12 meningiomas and, therefore, may be useful as a marker not only for the diagnosis of these tumors but also for investigation of their histogenesis. 相似文献
4.
Failure of genetically selected miniature swine to model NIDDM 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ten young adult miniature swine from a line reported to be genetically selected for glucose intolerance and eight normal controls were obtained from Colorado State University. They were consecutively exposed to 4 mo of a high-fiber, low-fat standard swine diet; 4 mo of a high-sucrose, high-fat, low-fiber diabetogenic diet; and 4 mo of excess diabetogenic diet for obesification. Results of oral glucose tolerance and intravenous insulin tolerance tests conducted at the end of each regimen were compared. Hyperglycemia was not observed in any animals after any manipulation. Insulin sensitivity was also not influenced by diet. We conclude that F7 low-K miniature swine from this colony fail to model human non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 相似文献
5.
Maxillary sinusitis in adults: an evaluation of placebo-controlled double-blind trials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: In general practice, acute sinusitis is frequently diagnosed
and treated with antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the
evidence for the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in acute maxillary
sinusitis in adults by assessing the methodological quality of
placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials. METHOD: An evaluation by
four raters through a 35-item scoring-scale for internal and external
validity of all placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials on acute
sinusitis found between January 1966 and July 1996. RESULTS: Eighty-five
trials were excluded because they were not placebo-controlled,
double-blind, randomized, or were carried out in patients with chronic
sinusitis or in children. The three remaining trials were performed in
different populations (one in general practice) between 1973 and 1978. Only
one study claimed superiority of antibiotic treatment. Different inclusion
criteria and major outcome measures were used by the authors. The
reliability of major outcome events was reported poorly or not at all and
in two studies outcome measures were clinically inappropriate. The studies
scored 30-62% of the maximum attainable score for internal validity and
10-20% for external validity. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of antibiotic
treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population is
not based sufficiently on evidence.
相似文献
6.
目的 探索手指屈肌腱在近节指骨段不同范围损伤时对屈指肌腱功能的影响。方法 采用12只成人尸体手指。实验分为:第一阶段屈指肌腱完整,以后四个阶段依次沿近节指骨掌侧小线闭开小央1/4、1/2、3/4及全长。在掌指关节被动屈80°和掌指关节屈80°同时近侧指关节屈100°时,测量指浅屈肌腱(FDS)和指深屈肌腱(FDP)的滑动距离。根据肌腱力臂和滑动距离的关系,得出屈指肌腱在掌指关节处和近侧指间关节及肌腱在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度。结果 腱鞘中央1/4切开时,指屈肌腱的滑动距离、力臂均无显著变化;1/2切开后,单纯屈曲掌指关节时的FDS腱和掌指、近节指间关节屈曲时的FDS、HDP腱的滑动距离和力臂较腱鞘完整时显苫增大(P<0.05);切开3/4长度后,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离均有统计学意义变化,FDS、FDP腱力臂平均增加8~9%;全切开腱鞘,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离变化正统计学上有高度显著性(P<0.01),两腱力臂分别增加16%和15%。随腱鞘切开范围增大,FDS、FDP在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度也越来越大。结论 从肌腱的生物力学变化可见,近节指骨段腱鞘的小范围损伤如中间1/4以内损伤时,对肌腱功能影响小,可以不予修复;若损伤超过1/2长度,尤其对腱鞘全长损伤,应予以修复以恢复肌腱功能。 相似文献
7.
Guinea pigs were actively sensitized by parenteral injections of ovalbumin (OA), house dust extract (HD) orAscaris suum extract (As) in a variety of multidose regimens. At least 3 weeks after the initial sensitization injection, aerosols of the appropriate antigen were administered to conscious guinea pigs in a double-chamber body plethysmograph. OA elicited the most consistent and intense bronchoconstriction (BC) as measured by decreases in specific airway conductance (sGAW). The airway responses to As were clearly separable into responders and nonresponders. HD produced essentially no BC. However, intense lacrimation and rhinorrhea occurred in all HD-sensitized, but not unsensitized, animals. No late-phase changes in sGAW or increased reactivity to other spasmogens were seen up to 8h after any antigen challenge. Eosinophil influx of magnitude similar to that measured by 24h post-antigen bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) occurred with all the three antigens. Animals which did not bronchoconstrict to As experienced an equal or greater pulmonary eosinophilia as airway responders. The present data with HD and As suggest that acute BC in response to antigen provocation is not a prerequisite for the eventual pulmonary eosinophilia. The lack of late-phase airway reactions in these models raises a doubt in the direct extrapolation to airway responses in allergic human asthma. The acute lacrimation and rhinorrhea to HD may suggest utility as a model of allergic rhinitis. 相似文献
8.
H Angus-Leppan GA Lambert J Michalicek 《Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache》1997,17(6):625-630
Co-existence of facial and occipital pain may occur in occipital neuralgia, migraine and cluster headache; suggesting convergence of trigeminal and cervical afferents. Such convergence has been shown in humans and other animals, but the site and extent of this are uncertain. In anaesthetized adult cats, the superior sagittal sinus and occipital nerve were stimulated electrically, and extracellular recordings made in the dorsolateral area of the upper cervical cord using glass-coated tungsten electrodes. Of 49 units in 10 cats, 33 (67%) had input from the superior sagittal sinus and the occipital nerve. Thirteen (27%) had superior sagittal sinus input and 3 (6%) had occipital nerve input. Convergent receptive fields were identified mechanically in 7 units. These experiments in cats show convergent input from occipital nerve and superior sagittal sinus on dorsolateral area units in two-thirds of cases studied. This experimental site of trigeminocervical convergence may relate to referral of pain in occipital neuralgia and other headaches. 相似文献
9.
In patients with PG-dependent renal function, NSAID administration
constantly reduces GFR and RBF in a dose-dependent fashion. In this
situation, the risk of overt acute renal failure is high and should be
taken into proper account. In contrast, the incidence of NSAID-related
renal structural alterations appears to be very low, yet the absolute
number of patients may be significant considering the wide use of such
drugs. Concerning the antiproteinuric effect of NSAIDs, the unfavourable
ratio risk/benefit does not seem to support their indication in proteinuric
nephropathies. The development of PGHS-2 selective inhibitors is promising,
and may open new therapeutical strategies in the treatment of the
progression of renal disease.
相似文献
10.
Antidepressant-like effects of trazodone on a behavioral screen are mediated by trazodone, not the metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant drug (i.e. blocks neither monoamine uptake nor monoamine oxidase) which tests as an antidepressant drug on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule of reinforcement by increasing the reinforcement rate and decreasing the response rate. m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) is a 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C agonist, weak 5-HT2 antagonist, and trazodone metabolite. It has been suggested that formation of m-CPP is responsible for the antidepressant action of trazodone. Administration of m-CPP (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) 60, 30 or 10 min before the behavioral session did not mimic the reinforcement rate-increasing effects of trazodone (10-20 mg/kg i.p.) on rats performing under the DRL 72-s schedule of water reinforcement. Pretreatment with proadifen (50 mg/kg i.p.), an inhibitor of trazodone metabolism, caused a greater than 30-fold leftward shift in the dose-response curve for both the reinforcement rate and the response rate. These results suggest that the parent compound and not the trazodone metabolite m-CPP, mediates the antidepressant-like effects of trazodone on DRL 72-s behavior. 相似文献