肾移植术后发生高尿酸血症的机制

目的：探讨肾移植术后发生高尿酸血症的机制及防治策略。方法：分析480例肾移植术后患者的临床资料。结果：肾移植术后移植肾功能正常而血尿酸增高者43例(9％)，其中痛风7例，移植肾肾盂或输尿管结石3例。随访1～5年，1例痛风患者血尿酸及症状控制不理想，余血尿酸均控制在正常水平，未见并发症的发生。结论：高尿酸血症是肾移植术后较常见的问题，发生原因较多，但主要与环孢素A的作用有关；长期降尿酸及碱化尿液治疗安全、有效。     

颈静脉球瘤的MR诊断

目的探讨MR检查在颈静脉球瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法对15例病变进行回顾性分析,重点分析其部位、信号及其侵袭性表现等情况。结果15例患者中,右侧病变8个(8/15),左侧7个(7/15);肿瘤形态为类圆形或不规则形,12例较大病变不同程度侵犯颈静脉孔区、乳突、岩骨、岩尖、斜坡等处骨质;肿瘤信号欠均匀,12个(12/15)肿块在MR平扫出现“盐和胡椒征”,以“胡椒”表现最为显著;13个肿块(13/13)均有明显强化,其中10个肿块出现“盐和胡椒征”。9例行MRA检查,颈内动脉和颈内静脉不同程度移位和包绕。结论根据肿瘤的部位、“盐和胡椒征”等MR表现,可在手术前正确诊断颈静脉球瘤。     

股骨转子间骨折GAMMA钉治疗临床分析

目的：评价GAMMA钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法：对32例股骨转子间骨折采用GAMMA钉治疗。结果：经6～18月随访，所有病例均获骨性愈合，下肢功能及关节活动良好。其中1例为粉碎性骨折内固定后出现髋内翻，按X线评分标准90％病人满意。结论：GAMMA钉治疗股骨转子间骨折效果满意。     

Abnormal rabbit heterophil chemotaxis following thermal injury. An in vivo model of an abnormality of the chemoattractant receptor for f-met-leu-phe

Previous studies have shown that the decreased neutrophil migratory responsiveness seen in burned patients correlates with the extent of thermal injury and the extent of the neutrophil-specific granule deficiency. To understand better the relationship between the neutrophil dysfunction, degranulation, and thermal injury, a rabbit model was studied. Eighteen rabbits were burned over 20% of their surface area. Assay of peripheral blood heterophils disclosed decreased migratory activity compared with preburn levels and decreased lysozyme content vs preburn levels, but no change in the beta-glucuronidase content. The specific binding of tritiated formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine to peripheral blood heterophils was increased fivefold over that of control cells. These studies indicate that, following thermal injury, there is a selective decrease of specific granule contents and an increase in chemoattractant binding to the cell and also suggest an abnormality in chemoattractant receptor processing. The rabbit provides a convenient model for the study of compromised host defenses following thermal injury.     

侧脑室注射东莨菪碱和酚妥拉明对幼兔分辨学习的影响

目的 探讨东莨菪碱和酚妥拉明对幼兔分辨学习的影响。方法 将30只比利时纯种幼兔从生后13日龄随机分为三组：东莨菪碱组、酚妥拉明组和生理盐水对照组，观察不同日龄各组幼兔的分辨学习能力。结果 幼兔分辨学习的正确反应一般始于生后15日龄。侧脑室注射东莨菪碱对16日龄以前幼兔分辨学习无明显影响，对17日龄以后幼兔分辨学习产生明显抑制作用。侧脑室注射酚妥拉明对13—23日龄幼兔分辨学习均有明显抑制作用。结论 幼兔生后发育过程中学习能力的发展具明显的阶段性，其原因可能与神经递质系统的发育成熟有关。     

前列腺素E1对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨前列腺素E1（PGE1）对肝脏 因再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 制作常温下大鼠部分肝叶缺血再灌注模型，于缺血前经门静脉给予PGE1，45min后恢复血流灌注，并于1h后取门静脉血测定血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）及内皮素1（ET－1），同时取缺血肝叶行病理组织学检查。结果 缺血再灌注组GOT、GPT、LDH及TNF－α和ET－1均明显高于正常对照组，PGE1组则明显低于缺血再灌注组。PGE1组的肝脏病理组织学改变明显轻于缺血再灌注组，并接近正常对照组。结论 PGE1对肝缺血再灌注具有保护作用。     

大鼠肠系膜淋巴结高内皮微静脉与淋巴迷路之间的网状纤维支架的研究

目的 研究大鼠肠系膜淋巴结内高内皮微静脉与淋巴迷路之间淋巴细胞归巢的通路.方法 用镀银染色光镜观察法和冻裂割断扫描电镜观察法观察健康、成熟Wistar大鼠肠系膜淋巴结的基质网状结构.结果 位于高内皮微静脉和淋巴迷路周围有网状纤维支架,在二者相临近部位有密集交织的网状纤维网.结论 淋巴结内高内皮微静脉和淋巴迷路之间密集交织的网状纤维网,为细胞的居留和迁移提供结构支持和适宜的微环境,可能是淋巴细胞归巢的重要通路.     

Two inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis are produced by hyperimmunoglobulin E recurrent infection syndrome mononuclear cells exposed to heat-killed staphylococci.

Mononuclear cells from normal volunteers and from patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E recurrent infection syndrome (HIE) were cultured for 18 h with and without opsonized, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (OS). The supernatants from normal mononuclear cell cultures without OS revealed no inhibitory activity for neutrophil chemotaxis, whereas those from HIE patients revealed the previously reported 61,000-dalton factor. However, when normal cells were cultured with OS, they produced a proteinaceous, 56 degrees C-stable, 30,000- to 45,000-dalton factor which preferentially inhibited neutrophil versus monocyte chemotaxis. When HIE cells were exposed to OS, they produced the same 30,000- to 45,000-dalton factor as normal cells, as well as the 61,000-dalton factor that they produced spontaneously. Assay of 1,000-fold dilutions of supernatants from cultures of normal mononuclear cells with OS revealed a mean production of 7.8 +/- 5.4% inhibition of chemotaxis, whereas assay of 1,000-fold dilutions of supernatants from cultures of HIE mononuclear cells (spontaneously producing the 61,000-dalton factor) with OS revealed a 26.6 +/- 3.6% inhibition (P less than 0.02). The data indicate that in short-term culture both normal and HIE mononuclear cells produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis when exposed to particulate heat-killed staphylococci but that HIE cells produce qualitatively and quantitatively more inhibitory activity.     

三氧化二锑诱导急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究锑剂三氧化二锑（Sb2O3)对早幼粒细胞白血病细胞株NB4凋亡的诱导作用，以寻求早幼粒细胞白血病治疗的新方法。方法 采用细胞生长曲线，形态学及硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）还原试验，判定NB4细胞的生长，分化及功能。采用细胞周期分析和DNA电泳研究细胞凋亡。结果 Sb2O3能诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡，且具有时间，剂量依赖性。结论 Sb2O3能有效地诱导早幼粒白血病细胞凋亡，提示锑剂诱导细胞半亡的疗法，有望成为临床治疗早幼粒细胞白血病的新方法。