左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦（附2例报告并文献复习）

目的:分析左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的临床特征,提高对左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的认识和诊断.方法:回顾分析2例左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的临床病例并对文献进行回顾分析.结果:左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦是一种罕见的先天性冠脉畸形,这种畸形可分为良性或恶性,主要根据异常左冠状动脉与主动脉和肺动脉之间的关系.对于可能引起猝死或严重心肌缺血患者,应进行冠状动脉旁路移植术.2例患者左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦,其中1例左主干走行于主动脉与肺动脉之间,1例走行于主动脉前方,这2例未进行预防性外科手术,目前预后良好.结论:左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦是罕见的冠脉畸形,应注意鉴别是良性或是恶性,确定下一步治疗方案.     

单支冠状动脉畸形的急性心肌梗死及介入治疗

病例1,患者男,55岁。因突发心前区疼痛6小时不缓解到我院急诊室,心电图胸前V1-2导联呈QS波,V3-5导联呈rS波,V1-5导联ST段明显抬高0.2~0.6mV。II、III、aVF导联呈qR波伴ST段抬高0.1mV。诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死。急诊行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉介入治疗,穿刺右股动脉,插入6F动脉鞘管,先用6FJL4.0造影导管行左冠脉造影,结果示前降支近段次全闭塞。在行急诊冠状动脉造影中前降支近中段完全闭塞,回旋支远端粗大(图1)。用6FJR4.0造影导管在行右冠状动脉造影时未能找到右冠开口及右冠状动脉,然后仔细观察左冠状动脉,发现回旋支远端粗大并…     

强骨胶囊与阿托伐他汀对高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松的影响

目的 对比分析单纯强骨胶囊与联合阿托伐他汀治疗对高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者血糖水平及骨代谢指标的影响。方法 选取武夷山市立医院在2019年7月—2022年2月治疗的高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者共计62例,依据患者的治疗方案差异将其分入研究组（31例）和参考组（31例）,参考组中所用的治疗药物为单纯强骨胶囊,研究组的治疗药物为强骨胶囊与联合阿托伐他汀。比较两组患者总体治疗效果、治疗前后磷（phosphorus,P）、骨钙素（bone-γ-carboxyglutamicacidcontainingprotein,BGP）、钙（calcium,Ca）等骨代谢指标水平改善情况和空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等血糖水平改善情况以及药物治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果研究组高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者治疗总有效率为96.77%,参考组高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者治疗总有效率为80.65%,研究组高龄糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者治疗总有效率显著高于参考组者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;两组患者在治疗之前P、BGP、Ca等骨代谢指标水平和空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等血糖水平比较差异无...     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

3例美罗华鞘注治疗中枢神经系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床分析

目的 探讨美罗华鞘注治疗中枢神经系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤的有效性和安全性.方法 3例(1例原发,2例继发)具有中枢神经系统侵犯和对化疗耐药的复发性非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤(B细胞 NHL)患者,接受了鞘内注射美罗华(intrathecal rituximab,IT RTX)治疗;采用RTX递增剂量20～50mg,每周1次,连续6～8周用药.结果 在应用药物第2～3周后患者临床症状明显改善,脑脊液(CSF)中淋巴细胞清除,治疗后2个月行头颅MRI扫描显示,脑膜或者脑实质内淋巴瘤浸润性病灶明显缩小或者消失.结论 结果表明IT RTX方法治疗难治/复发性中枢神经系统B细胞NHL是安全、有效的.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

5例脑血管意外实行肠道内营养的救治及护理

目的:通过调查了解惠州市地中海贫血的现状提供干预措施.方法:在本市进行地中海贫血的宣传和同卷进行调查.结果:调查对象地中海贫血基本知识的理解仍很有限,人们获取地中海贫血知识的途径非常有限,人们对这种治病还是非常关心的.但是所有的地中海贫血家庭均未想到要进行地中海贫血筛查和产前诊断,也从未得到正常的遗传咨询与指导.结论:为了减少地贫患儿的出生,提高惠州市人口的素质,本病关键在于有效的干预.     

臀大肌肌皮瓣再次转移术治疗脊髓损伤患者骶尾部压疮

脊髓损伤患由于长期卧床，加之失神经支配易发生压疮而不易治愈，臀大肌肌皮瓣转移是一种较好的治疗方法，它可以使压疮短期内痊愈，减少患的卧床时间，有利于患的全面康复。     

臀大肌肌皮瓣再次转移术治疗脊髓损伤患者骶尾部压疮

脊髓损伤患者由于长期卧床,加之失神经支配易发生压疮而不易治愈,臀大肌肌皮瓣转移是一种较好的治疗方法,它可以使压疮短期内痊愈,减少患者的卧床时间,有利于患者的全面康复。