To examine the influence of pre-existing psychiatric disorder on the choice of treatment in patients with gynaecological cancer.
Materials and methods
The analyses were based on all patients who underwent surgical treatment for endometrial, ovarian or cervical cancer who were registered in the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database in the years 2007–2014 (3059 patients with ovarian cancer, 5100 patients with endometrial cancer and 1150 with cervical cancer). Logistic regression model and Cox regression model, adjusted for relevant confounders, were used to estimate the effect of pre-existing psychiatric disorder on the course of cancer treatment. Our outcomes were (i) presurgical oncological treatment, (ii) macroradical surgery for patients with ovarian cancer, (iii) radiation/chemotherapy within 30 days and 100 days after surgery and (iv) time from surgery to first oncological treatment.
Results
In the group of patients with ovarian cancer, more patients with a psychiatric disorder received macroradical surgery versus patients without a psychiatric disorder, corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.62–2.41) and the chance for having oncological treatment within 100 days was odds ratio = 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.77–2.10). As for patients with endometrial cancer, all outcome estimates were close to unity. The adjusted odds ratio for oncological treatment within 30 days after surgery in patients with cervical cancer with a history of psychiatric disorder was 0.20 (95% confidence interval 0.03–1.54).
Conclusions
We did not find any significant differences in the treatment of ovarian and endometrial cancer in patients with pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses. When it comes to oncological treatment, we suggest that increased attention should be paid to patients with cervical cancer having a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis. 相似文献
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with many patients developing hypoxic respiratory failure. Corticosteroids reduce the time on mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit and potentially also mortality in similar patient populations. However, corticosteroids have undesirable effects, including longer time to viral clearance. Clinical equipoise on the use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 exists.
Methods
The COVID STEROID trial is an international, randomised, stratified, blinded clinical trial. We will allocate 1000 adult patients with COVID-19 receiving ≥10 L/min of oxygen or on mechanical ventilation to intravenous hydrocortisone 200 mg daily vs placebo (0.9% saline) for 7 days. The primary outcome is days alive without life support (ie mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy) at day 28. Secondary outcomes are serious adverse reactions at day 14; days alive without life support at day 90; days alive and out of hospital at day 90; all-cause mortality at day 28, day 90, and 1 year; and health-related quality of life at 1 year. We will conduct the statistical analyses according to this protocol, including interim analyses for every 250 patients followed for 28 days. The primary outcome will be compared using the Kryger Jensen and Lange test in the intention to treat population and reported as differences in means and medians with 95% confidence intervals.
Discussion
The COVID STEROID trial will provide important evidence to guide the use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 and severe hypoxia. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Season of birth (SOB) has been regarded as a risk factor for atopy. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between season of birth (SOB) and later development of atopic disease in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1,007 randomly selected subjects, 7 to 17 years of age, who were living in urban Copenhagen, Denmark were studied. All participants were interviewed about respiratory symptoms and possible risk factors for atopic disease. Skin test reactivity, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and airway responsiveness were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS: The overall risk of atopy, as judged by skin test reactivity and serum total IgE, was the same regardless of SOB. On the contrary, asthma was more common in subjects born in the autumn compared with subjects born during the remaining part of the year (12.4% vs. 5.6%), OR = 2.40, 95% CI (1.56-3.94), p < 0.001. This was observed both for atopic asthma OR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.25-4.64), p = 0.007, non-atopic asthma, OR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.14-4.83), p = 0.02, and house dust mite (HDM) sensitive airway hyperresponsiveness, OR = 3.00, 95% CI (1.44-6.24), p = 0.002. Rhinitis and pollen allergy were not significantly related to SOB. CONCLUSIONS: Atopy itself is independent of season of birth, whereas asthma is more prevalent among subjects born during the autumn. Regarding asthma, these results suggest that the first months of life enclose a period of particular vulnerability towards environmental risk factors, especially exposure to aeroallergens like HDM. 相似文献
Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside
home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people
with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems
in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area
in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities
(n = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL (n = 23), with only movement-related FL (n = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL (n = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL (n = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences
between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment
impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied
with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian
environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of
FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health. 相似文献
To study the relationship between development of lung function and bronchial responsiveness, we examined 106 subjects recruited from a random sample of 527 subjects, aged 8-18 years, from Copenhagen. Lung function and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine were measured at two occasions, in 1986 and 1988. The participating subjects (n = 106) were divided into three groups: (a) 20 asthmatics with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), (b) 42 nonasthmatic subjects with BHR in 1986, and (c) 44 controls without BHR. In 1986, FEV1 expressed as percentage of predicted value, was found to be similar in the three groups (91%, 94%, and 99%, respectively). The increase in height during the observation period was found to be 5, 6, and 6 cm, respectively, in the three groups. However, at the second examination, in 1988, FEV1 was found to be significantly reduced in both asthmatics (87%) and nonasthmatic subjects (85%) compared with the controls (103%). In 1988, 16 asthmatics (80%) and 24 (57%) nonasthmatic subjects were found to have BHR, whereas none of the controls were found to have BHR. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between change in FEV1 and potential factors of importance. The change in FEV1 was highly correlated with the presence of BHR in 1986, however, no correlation was found between change in FEV1 and change in bronchial responsiveness. In conclusion, nonasthmatic subjects with former BHR showed signs of airflow obstruction and less increase in lung function during growth irrespective of the change in level of bronchial responsiveness, which may suggest a risk for subsequent development of obstructive lung disease. 相似文献
Background: Central neuraxial blockades find widespread applications. Severe complications are believed to be extremely rare, but the incidence is probably underestimated.
Methods: A retrospective study of severe neurologic complications after central neuraxial blockades in Sweden 1990-1999 was performed. Information was obtained from a postal survey and administrative files in the health care system. During the study period approximately 1,260,000 spinal blockades and 450,000 epidural blockades were administered, including 200,000 epidural blockades for pain relief in labor.
Results: The 127 complications found included spinal hematoma (33), cauda equina syndrome (32), meningitis (29), epidural abscess (13), and miscellaneous (20). Permanent neurologic damage was observed in 85 patients. Incidence of complications after spinal blockade was within 1:20-30,000 in all patient groups. Incidence after obstetric epidural blockade was 1:25,000; in the remaining patients it was 1:3600 (P < 0.0001). Spinal hematoma after obstetric epidural blockade carried the incidence 1:200,000, significantly lower than the incidence 1:3,600 females subject to knee arthroplasty (P < 0.0001). 相似文献
Abstract The anti-inflammatory properties of triclosan have been revealed in several recent studies, including an effect on histamine-induced inflammation. In other studies, the nature of the solvent has been shown to be of importance for the plaque inhibiting as well as the antibacterial potential of triclosan. This study was aimed at examining whether the nature of the solvent also may influence the anti-inflammatory capacity of triclosan and further to study a possible dose/response relationship. The study was performed as 3 separate, double-blind experiments, comprising 10, 11 and 12 healthy females. In all 3 experiments, 5 sites on the lower part of the back of the volunteers were intradermally exposed to one drop of 1% histamine dihydrochloride for 15 min. The size of the resulting wheals was recorded before and after 40 min of triclosan treatment. In experiment I. 4 different concentrations of triclosan in 2-fold dilutions in absolute alcohol (0.125%-1%) were applied on the histamine-induced wheals. In experiments 2 and 3, 4 different solutions containing 0.5% triclosan and a saline solution as negative control were used. The solvents in experiment 2 were as follows: (1) absolute alcohol (positive control). (2) propylene glycol (PG), (3) polyethylene glycol (PEG). (4) olive oil, and in experiment 3: (1) absolute alcohol (positive control). (2) Tween 80. (3) sodium carbonate, (4) soy oil. The results showed a dose/ response effect of triclosan and further that the solvent may be of importance for its anti-inflammatory potential. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Microbial components in the environment are potent activators of the immune system with capacity to shift the active immune response towards priming of Th1 and/or Th2 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, is extensively present in food products like cow's milk. It is not well established, however, how this presence of LPS affects oral tolerance induction. METHODS: We studied the effect of LPS contamination in a commercial preparation of the cow milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) on antigen-specific immune responses. IgG1/IgG2a production upon intraperitoneal immunization without adjuvant was measured, and oral tolerance induction against beta-LG after administration of either an aqueous solution or water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion of beta-LG was evaluated. RESULTS: LPS contamination of beta-LG provoked a beta-LG-specific IgG2a response, as well as an enhanced beta-LG-specific IgG1 response upon intraperitoneal immunization. Oral tolerance induction to beta-LG was induced by aqueous solutions of beta-LG with and without LPS administration. Conversely, oral administration of w/o-emulsified beta-LG prevented oral tolerance to beta-LG only when the beta-LG was contaminated with LPS. CONCLUSIONS: LPS contamination of an aqueous protein solution does not affect oral tolerance induction, whereas LPS present in emulsion prevents oral tolerance induction towards the food protein. 相似文献
Summary Hypothalamic efferents to the lateral reticular nucleus (NRL) have been demonstrated in the cat by means of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of the wheat germ agglutinin — horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) complex. Pressure injections of the WGA-HRP complex into the hypothalamus resulted in anterograde labelling of branching terminal axons both in the NRL and in an adjacent area, presumably the ventrolateral catecholaminergic cell group (A1). After microiontophoretical ejections of the WGA-HRP complex into the NRL from a ventral approach, retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the lateral, dorsal, posterior and anterior hypothalamic areas and in the tubero-mammillary, dorsomedial and periventricular nuclei. The projection is bilateral with a clear ipsilateral predominance and has its main origin in the lateral hypothalamic area. The locations of hypothalamic cells projecting to the NRL are somewhat different from those giving rise to hypothalamo-cerebellar and hypothalamo-spinal connections. The present demonstration of a hypothalamic input to one of the major precerebellar relay nuclei introduces a new possible indirect route through which the cerebellum may be influenced by the hypothalamus. The different indirect and direct hypothalamo-cerebellar pathways and their potential functional importance are discussed. 相似文献