过度训练的病理生理及康复 Ⅰ.大鼠过度训练模型的建立

实验表明,运用大鼠跑台运动,以心电图、体重、饮食量、精神状况、毛发脱落、尿蛋白、血清睾酮、皮质醇等为监测指标建立大鼠过度训练模型的方法是可行的。本文并首次模拟出大鼠运动性心律失常心电图。     

Effects of chelating agents on the rheological property of cervical mucus

As an ongoing effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the calcium-dependent fertility regulation process, the viscoelastic properties of the mucus obtained from lamb cervix and human semen, as well as their water and total protein contents after exposure to EDTA, a chelating agent, or Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicidal agent, were examined. The viscosity was measured using a Cone Plate Digital Viscometer, while the water and total protein contents were determined by the lyophilization process and the Lowry method, respectively. The significant changes in the rheological properties of mucus, such as its viscosity and the water content, upon exposure to EDTA were demonstrated. The viscosity of cervical mucus and human semen were significantly increased by EDTA treatment (as compared to the controls): lamb cervical mucus (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 cps) and human semen (5.0 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.3 cps), respectively. The hydration rate was decreased by EDTA treatment as compared with the control (93.6 ± 0.7 vs. 96.8 ± 0.8%). Among tested samples, the reduction in the percentage of sperm penetration through the cervical mucus was the highest in the mucus containing EDTA, which had the lowest water content (93.6 ± 0.7%), indicating that there is a positive relationship between the hydration rate of the cervical mucus and its ability to permit the penetration of spermatozoa. This result indicates that spermicidal activity exerted by high concentrations of EDTA is in part due to its effect on the rheological properties of cervical mucus or semen.     

小剂量长春新碱对小鼠M1细胞的分化诱导作用研究

目的：利用培养小鼠髓性白血病（M1细胞）来检测小剂长春新碱（VCR）对小鼠M1细胞分化诱导功能。方法：分观察组对照组，观察组使用VCR1次5ug后进行吞噬功能实验，及对细胞形态的观察与空白对照组比较。结果：发现使用小剂量长春新碱后小鼠M1细胞诱变细胞增多，吴噬功能增强，结论：说明小剂量长春新碱对培养小鼠M1细胞有一定诱导功能，诱导其向粒细胞、吞噬细胞方向转化，在临床上白血病的治疗有一定的作用。     

Anulus fibrosus in bulging intervertebral disks

In this investigation the association of radial tears of the anulus fibrosus and bulging of the intervertebral disk was studied. An index of disk bulging was measured in sagittal anatomic sections in 149 lumbar disks from 31 cadavers. The indexes of disk bulging were correlated with stages of disk development and the presence of an annular tear. The largest disk-bulging indexes were always associated with radial tears of the anulus. Eighty-four percent of the disks with radial tears had disk-bulging indexes greater than 2.5 mm. Most normal adult disks had an index of less than 2.5 mm. The results challenge the concept that the anulus fibrosus is intact in bulging disks, although ruptured in herniated disks.     

Transdermal Dual-Controlled Delivery of Contraceptive Drugs: Formulation Development,in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations,and Clinical Performance

Several transdermal contraceptive device (TCD) formulations were developed to provide a dual-controlled transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel (LN), a potent progestin, and 17-estradiol (E₂), a natural estrogen. Using a sensitive HPLC method, the in vitro release and skin permeation profiles of LN and E₂ from various TCD formulations were simultaneously characterized in the hydrodynamically well-calibrated Valia–Chien skin permeation cells and both were found to follow zero-order kinetics. The rates of drug release and skin permeation were observed to vary significantly depending upon some formulation parameters. Six-month stability studies were performed on seven formulations at room and elevated temperatures (37 and 45°C), and two (Formulations 4 and 5) were found to be acceptable, based on drug recovery, release rate, and skin permeation rate data. Judging from the 6-month accelerated stability studies, it is projected these two formulations will have shelf-life of at least 2 years. As a result of development of an efficient manufacturing process, Formulation 4 was selected for further evaluation. One-week primary skin irritation evaluation in 6 rabbits indicated that Formulation 4 is nonirritating, and it was thus selected for Phase I clinical bioavailability/dose proportionality studies in 12 healthy female volunteers of child-bearing age. Results of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses demonstrated that it is capable of achieving and maintaining a steady-state serum level of LN throughout the 3-week treatment period by weekly applications of one or two TCD patches (10 or 20 cm²). A dose proportionality was obtained in the serum drug levels, daily dose delivered, and contraception efficacy. An excellent correlation was obtained for the rates of transdermal delivery determined by the in vitro studies using human cadaver skin, the in vivo studies in rabbits, and the clinical studies in living subjects.     

通脉络胶囊抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用的研究

目的：研究通脉络胶囊对实验动物的抗心肌缺血和耐常压缺氧作用,为临床用药提供依据。方法：给兔耳静脉注射脑垂体后叶素,造成急性心肌缺血状态,以心电图ＳＴ段及Ｔ波产生的变化为指标,来研究通脉络胶囊对抗垂体后叶素引起的兔心肌缺血作用;将小鼠放在密闭的容器中造成缺氧环境,以小鼠在常压缺氧条件下呼吸停止的时间为指标,来研究小鼠的耐常压缺氧作用。各实验均设四组动物：通脉络胶囊高、低剂量组、复方丹参片组、水对照组。结果：通脉络胶囊高剂量组与对照组比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;低剂量组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。与复方丹参片组比较,抗心肌缺血作用无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;耐常压缺氧作用的高剂量组有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：通脉络胶囊有显著的抗心肌缺血作用和耐常压缺氧作用,它的疗效与剂量有依赖关系;抗心肌缺血作用与复方丹参片近似,耐常压缺氧作用远较复方丹参片强。     

紫外线量子照血法治疗突聋的疗效观察

采用紫外线量子辐照血液疗法(Ultraviolet blood Irradiation,UBI)加综合药物治疗突聋25例,并与单纯的综合药物治疗进行疗效比较.UBI组耳聋的有效率为75.86%,对照组为55.55%;对耳鸣的疗效,前者为82.60%,后者为54.54%,两者皆有显著性差异.认为UBI对突聋确有明显的治疗作用,对耳鸣的疗效更为显著.     

Early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiotherapy dose and time factors in tumor control

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiotherapy dose and length of treatment in the control of early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with a combination of external radiotherapy and brachytherapy, MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed the records of 133 patients with early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage I or II, AJC/UICC staging system) who received definitive radiotherapy in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1979 to 1991. The median follow-up time was 7.1 years with a minimum of 2 years. All patients were treated with megavoltage external radiotherapy to the nasopharynx area (63-72 Gy) followed by high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (5-16.5 Gy in one to three fractions, spaced 1-2 weeks apart). The median total dose and time of irradiation was 75 Gy (69.8-81.4 Gy) and 11.6 weeks (7.8-20 weeks) respectively. Survival analysis was used to examine the effect of several variables on prognosis. RESULTS: The 5-year rates were 86.4% for local control, 84.7% for disease free survival, 88.5% for actuarial survival and 84.2% for overall survival. The treatment group (combination of time and dose of irradiation) was the most important prognostic factor according to Cox's proportional hazard model. Patients receiving radiation at a total dose of < or = 75 Gy completed in < 12 weeks showed the best prognosis. CONCLUSION: Treatment time and total treatment dose are both important factors in treating early stage NPC. Decreasing the total radiation time to < 12 weeks and not exceeding a radiation dose of 75 Gy gave the best results.      

环孢素A硬脂酸纳米球的实验研究

目的：探讨硬脂酸纳米球作为新型药物载体的可能性。方法：制备了硬脂酸纳米球(SA-NP),用电镜考察其形态,测定了各种理化特性;以环孢素A(CYA)为模型药物,制备了环孢素A硬脂酸纳米球(CYA-SA-NP);对其进行了红外光谱测定和差示扫描量热分析;建立了测定CYA-SA-NP和血中CYA的HPLC法。以市售CYA微乳型口服液为对照,测定了口服CYA-SA-NP在大鼠体内的药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度。结果：CYA-SA-NP的平均粒径为316.6nm,CYA的平均包封率为88.39%,CYA和硬脂酸之间无化学反应发生;CYA-SA-NP的相对生物利用度接近80%,而且达峰时间较晚,具有明显的缓释效果。结论：硬脂酸纳米球将可能成为一种新型的药物载体。     

弓形体病12例临床分析

报道弓形体病12例，其中，男女各6例，以20－30岁者为多，农民和农村学生占7例。主要症状是发热，乏力，头昏，畏寒，腹胀和纳差；主要体征有肝，脾，淋巴结肿大和下肢出血点。根据临床表现和血清免疫学检查阳性而确诊。以螺旋霉素和复方新诺明联合治疗，7天为一疗程，1－4个疗程后，11例好转或痊愈，1例死亡。有免疫缺陷或免疫务受损者以及胎儿易感染本病。急性感染的后果取决于宿主的免疫状态。