Clinicopathologic analysis of eight cases of pancreatic carcinoid tumors

Carcinoids of the pancreas are exceedingly rare tumors that orieinate from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine system. According to a recent report,1 pancreatic carcinoids are found in only 0.58% (79/13 715 cases) of the entire carcinoid group. Todate, very limited information regarding the detection and diagnosis of this entity has been reported in the available literature. Although pancreatic carcinoid tumors grow.     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

RNA干扰及其在胶质瘤基因治疗中的应用

RNA干扰（RNA interference。RNAi）是双链RNA（double—stranded RNA，dsRNA）降解特异性靶基因转录出的mRNA。从而抑制靶蛋白表达的现象。自从二十世纪九十年代发现RNAi这一现象以来，RNAi已被广泛应用于研究基因功能、信号转导通路和基因治疗等方面。随着分子生物学、分子遗传学等学科的发展．发现了许多与肿瘤发生、发展和预后密切相关的基因。经过大量临床前期试验表明，针对特异性靶基因的小干扰RNA（short／small interfering RNA．siRNA）治疗胶质瘤是行之有效的。为基因治疗胶质瘤提供了新的思路。[第一段]     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性分析

目的　探讨载脂蛋白 E基因多态性与脑梗死的关系。方法　通过聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR- RFL P)分析结合 DNA直接银染技术检测 6 6例脑梗死 (CI)患者的载脂蛋白 E(Apo E)基因型 (其中家系中有明确脑梗死先证者的家族聚集性脑梗死 (FMACI)亚组 2 6例 ,家系中无脑卒中史的非家族聚集性脑梗死 (NF-MACI)亚组 4 0例 ) ,并与 90例健康对照组比较 ,同时检测血脂、脂蛋白 (a) [L P(a) ]及部分载脂蛋白。结果　脑梗死组ε3/4基因型频率明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,ε3/3基因型频率明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;两脑梗死亚组之间的ε3/4/ε3/3基因型频率虽有上升 /下降趋势 ,但未发现明显的统计学差异 ;FMACI组高密度脂蛋白 (HDL )水平明显低于 NFMACI组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 Apo E基因多态性与脑梗死的发生有关 ,ε4等位基因是脑梗死的易感因子 ,ε3等位基因对脑梗死的发生有保护作用 ;Apo E基因多态性和 HDL水平双重作用于家族聚集性脑梗死的发生。     

贝那普利降压疗效与校正QT间期的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者心电图心率校正QT间期(QTc)和贝那普利降压疗效之间的关系.方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法调查安徽A县899名高血压病患者的基线心电图、治疗15 d前后的血压变化及相关临床和流行病学特点等情况.结果 QTc和血压下降呈负相关.QTc每增加0.1秒1/2,收缩压和舒张压的下降值分别减少3.6 mmHg和3.3 mmHg,且差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).将QTc三等分后,随着QTc等分的增加,收缩压和舒张压的下降值均逐渐减少,且差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);将QTc等分后的变量放入方程中进行趋势性分析,发现在收缩压和舒张压组中的负相关关系具有显著性(P＜0.05).随着QTc等级的增加,舒张压有效率逐渐降低,且有显著性差异(P＜0.05),收缩压的效应关系不如舒张压明显.结论 QTc和贝那普利降压疗效呈负相关,对贝那普利短期降压疗效具有重要的预测价值.     

高原地区部队医院谋求新发展应处理好七个关系

从高原部队医院实际出发,阐述了适应新形势谋求新发展应处理好的七个关系:即继承与创新的关系;坚持“姓军为兵的服务方向与对外有偿服务的关系;基础建设与人才建设的关系;日常医疗保障与科研的关系;发挥自身特色与学习借鉴的关系;硬件建设与软件建设的关系;科技研究与成果转化的关系。     

Opioid, 5-HT1A and alpha 2 receptors localized to subsets of guinea-pig myenteric neurons.

The expression of mu opioid, alpha 2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors on guinea-pig myenteric neurons was determined using receptor selective agonists during intracellular recordings in vitro. Agonists known to hyperpolarize myenteric neurons by increasing potassium conductance were tested: noradrenaline and UK 14304 (alpha 2 agonists); 5-HT, 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-HT1A agonists); normorphine, [Met5]-enkephalin and D-Ala2-Phe4, Gly-ol5 enkephalin (mu agonists). The alpha 2 agonists hyperpolarized 46/67 AH cells; mu agonists hyperpolarized 11/66 AH cells and 5-HT1A agonists inhibited 28/57 AH cells. Hyperpolarizations to both alpha 2 and mu agonists were observed in 11/59 AH cells; hyperpolarizations to both alpha 2 and 5-HT1A agonists were observed in 23/49 AH cells. Hyperpolarizations mediated at alpha 2 receptors were observed in 11/54 S neurons and mu agonists hyperpolarized 17/45 S cells. alpha 2 and mu receptors were localized together on 10/43 S cells tested with receptor selective agonists. 5-HT1A-mediated hyperpolarizations were not observed in 36 S cells. Presynaptic inhibition of fast excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fast e.p.s.p.s., S neurons) was observed in all cells tested with alpha 2 agonists (n = 32); in 14/23 cells tested with 5-HT1A agonists and in 8/22 cells tested with mu agonists. Both alpha 2 and 5-HT1A agonists inhibited fast e.p.s.p.s in 15/23 cells, while alpha 2 and mu agonists both inhibited the fast e.p.s.p. in 8/21 cells. Inhibition of fast e.p.s.p.s by mu and 5-HT1A agonists occurred together in 2/19 cells. Slow non-cholinergic e.p.s.p.s were inhibited by alpha 2 agonists in 19/19 cells and by 5-HT1A agonists in 19/21 cells. alpha 2- and 5-HT1A-mediated inhibition of slow e.p.s.p.s occurred together in 12/14 cells. These data allow AH neurons to be divided into two groups: those expressing alpha 2 and 5-HT1A receptors and those expressing alpha 2 and mu receptors. alpha 2 and mu receptors coexist on S neurons which do not express 5-HT1A receptors. Terminals that release acetylcholine express either alpha 2 and mu or alpha 2 and 5-HT1A receptors, consistent with the idea that they are provided by AH cells. Terminals that release mediators of the slow e.p.s.p. express primarily alpha 2 and 5-HT1A receptors.     

Implementing the Omaha classification system in a public health agency

Systemized nursing diagnosis based on standardized, coded terminology is in the early stages of evolution. The Waukesha Health Department has been a part of that evolutionary process. Introduction of the concept of nursing diagnosis led to the conclusion that for this agency a more systematic, community tested taxonomy was needed. The OCS was the system selected. The progress of the two systems, NANDA and OCS, appears to be evolving in parallel. No doubt, in the future one system will emerge as best for all fields of nursing. Meanwhile, the use of the OCS in practice settings serves the evolutionary process well by providing a foundation of trial and experience.     

替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性

目的 :观察替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性。方法 :进行随机、双盲、双模拟、平行分组对照试验。符合条件的轻中度高血压患者随机分为 2组 :替米沙坦组和氯沙坦组。每天一次口服替米沙坦 40mg或氯沙坦 5 0mg ,每 2周随访 1次。 4周后 ,如患者舒张压 (DBP)≥ 90mmHg则增加剂量 ,每天一次口服替米沙坦 80mg或氯沙坦 10 0mg。治疗前后分别查心电图 ,血、尿常规 ,血生化检查和常规查体。 结果 :(1)治疗 8周末 ,替米沙坦组和氯沙坦组患者的DBP均显著降低 ,2组下降幅度相似 (11.9mmHgvs 10 .4mmHg) ;(2 )治疗8周末 ,替米沙坦组收缩压 (SBP)下降幅度稍大于氯沙坦组 (9.5mmHgvs 6.2mmHg) ;(3 )替米沙坦降压有效率为 83 .3 % ,稍高于氯沙坦组 69.2 % ,无统计学差异 ;(4 ) 2组的不良事件发生率相似 (替米沙坦组 3 3 .3 % ,氯沙坦组 3 4.6% )。最常见的不良事件是头晕、头痛 ,多为轻度 ,可迅速缓解。结论 :替米沙坦 40mg～ 80mg ,每天一次口服治疗轻中度高血压安全有效