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Mahesh Menon Lena Catherine Quilty John Anthony Zawadzki Todd Stephen Woodward Helen Moriah Sokolowski Heather Shirley Boon 《Cognitive neuropsychiatry》2013,18(3):208-218
Introduction. A number of cognitive biases, most notably a data gathering bias characterised by “jumping to conclusions” (JTC), and the “bias against disconfirmatory evidence” (BADE), have been shown to be associated with delusions and subclinical delusional ideation. Certain personality variables, particularly “openness to experience”, are thought to be associated with schizotypy. Methods. Using structural equation modelling, we examined the association between two higher order subfactors (“aspects”) of “openness to experience” (labelled “openness” and “intellect”), these cognitive biases, and their relationship to subclinical delusional ideation in 121 healthy, nonpsychiatric controls. Results. Our results suggest that cognitive biases (specifically the data gathering bias and BADE) and the “openness” aspect are independently associated with subclinical delusional ideation, and the data gathering bias is weakly associated with “positive schizotypy”. “Intellect” is negatively associated with delusional ideation and might play a potential protective role. Conclusions. Cognitive biases and personality are likely to be independent risk factors for the development of delusions. 相似文献
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Satish K. Mehta Moriah L. Szpara Bridgette V. Rooney Douglass M. Diak Mackenzie M. Shipley Daniel W. Renner Stephanie S. Krieger Mayra A. Nelman-Gonzalez Sara R. Zwart Scott M. Smith Brian E. Crucian 《Viruses》2022,14(4)
Human alpha herpesviruses herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) establish latency in various cranial nerve ganglia and often reactivate in response to stress-associated immune system dysregulation. Reactivation of Epstein Barr virus (EBV), VZV, HSV-1, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is typically asymptomatic during spaceflight, though live/infectious virus has been recovered and the shedding rate increases with mission duration. The risk of clinical disease, therefore, may increase for astronauts assigned to extended missions (>180 days). Here, we report, for the first time, a case of HSV-1 skin rash (dermatitis) occurring during long-duration spaceflight. The astronaut reported persistent dermatitis during flight, which was treated onboard with oral antihistamines and topical/oral steroids. No HSV-1 DNA was detected in 6-month pre-mission saliva samples, but on flight day 82, a saliva and rash swab both yielded 4.8 copies/ng DNA and 5.3 × 104 copies/ng DNA, respectively. Post-mission saliva samples continued to have a high infectious HSV-1 load (1.67 × 107 copies/ng DNA). HSV-1 from both rash and saliva samples had 99.9% genotype homology. Additional physiological monitoring, including stress biomarkers (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and salivary amylase), immune markers (adaptive regulatory and inflammatory plasma cytokines), and biochemical profile markers, including vitamin/mineral status and bone metabolism, are also presented for this case. These data highlight an atypical presentation of HSV-1 during spaceflight and underscore the importance of viral screening during clinical evaluations of in-flight dermatitis to determine viral etiology and guide treatment. 相似文献
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Calloe K Nof E Jespersen T Di Diego JM Chlus N Olesen SP Antzelevitch C Cordeiro JM 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2011,22(9):1057-1066
Effect of NS5806 on Atrial Currents. Introduction: NS5806 activates the transient outward potassium current (Ito) in canine ventricular cells. We compared the effects of NS5806 on canine atrial versus ventricular tissues and myocytes. Methods and Results: NS5806 (10 μM) was evaluated in arterially perfused canine right atrial and right ventricular wedge preparations. In ventricular wedges NS5806 (10 μM) accentuated phase 1 in epicardium (Epi), with little effect in endocardium (Endo), resulting in augmented J‐waves on the ECG. In contrast, application of NS5806 (10 μM) to atrial preparations had no effect on phase 1 repolarization but significantly decreased upstroke velocity (dV/dt) and depressed excitability, consistent with sodium channel block. Current and voltage‐clamp recordings were made in the absence and presence of NS5806 in (10 μM) enzymatically dissociated atrial and ventricular myocytes. In ventricular myocytes, NS5806 increased Ito magnitude by 80% and 16% in Epi and Endo, respectively (at +40 mV). In atrial myocytes, NS5806 increased peak Ito by 25% and had no effect on the sustained current, IKur. Under control conditions, INa density in atrial myocytes was nearly double that in ventricular myocytes. NS5806 caused a shift in steady‐state mid‐inactivation (V1/2) from –73.9 ± 0.27 to –77.3 ± 0.21 mV in ventricular and from –82.6 ± 0.12 to –85.1 ± 0.11 mV in atrial cells, resulting in reduction of INa in both cell types. Expression of mRNA encoding putative INa and Ito channel subunits was evaluated by qPCR. Conclusion: NS5806 produces a prominent augmentation of Ito with little effect on INa in the ventricles, but a potent inhibition of INa with little augmentation of Ito in atria. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 1057‐1066, September 2011) 相似文献
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Gurevitz O Nof E Carasso S Luria D Bar-Lev D Tanami N Eldar M Glikson M 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2005,28(12):1255-1259
BACKGROUND: High left ventricular pacing (LVP) thresholds and phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) are common problems with cardiac resynchronization (CRT). Newer systems capable of multiple LVP configurations may help overcome these problems without the need for reoperation. METHODS: CRT systems capable of multiple LVP configurations (Guidant models H155 and H145) were implanted in 43 patients (study group). An additional 49 patients (control group) received CRT systems (Guidant, Medtronic, Biotronik, St. Jude Medical, various models) lacking this feature. RESULTS: Overall, acute high (> or =2.5 V/0.5 ms) LVP thresholds were encountered in 13 (30%) of the study group, and 25 (50%) of control group patients (P = 0.03). PNS was encountered in 5 (12%) of the study group and 12 (24%) of control group patients (P = 0.13). All cases of high LVP thresholds and PNS in the study group were managed by switching to a different LVP configuration, while high thresholds remained in control group patients, and PNS was managed by replacing the lead. The CS lead was successfully placed in a lateral branch in 95% of study group, compared to only 77% of control group patients (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple LVP configurations were clinically useful in a significant number of patients undergoing CRT system implantation by helping to overcome high LVP thresholds and PNS, and by providing more flexibility in placing the LV lead. 相似文献
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Moriah J. Brier Rhonda M. Williams Aaron P. Turner Alison W. Henderson Ann Marie Roepke Daniel C. Norvell Helene Henson Joseph M. Czerniecki 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(3):452-458