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Childhood teratomas are uncommon neoplasms worldwide. They are nonetheless important because their exact histogenesis has not yet been resolved. The weight of the evidence points to a germ cell origin for these neoplasms. Eighteen percent of 407 teratomas reviewed in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 1960 and 1985 occurred in children up to 15 years of age. There was a bimodal peak age incidence among these children, the first being due to sacrococcygeal and the second to ovarian teratomas. The female to male ratio was 5:1. The two most common sites of occurrence were the sacrococcygeal region and the ovaries. Eighty-one percent of all childhood teratomas were mature, 15% were immature, and 4% were malignant. Both malignant neoplasms arose in the sacrococcygeal region and occurred in patients relatively older than those with benign sacrococcygeal teratomas. These two malignant teratomas contained yolk sac elements. 相似文献
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Prospective Cohort Study of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections in Argentinean Children
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Gloria I. Viboud Mabel J. Jouve Norma Binsztein Marta Vergara Marta Rivas Marina Quiroga Ann-Mari Svennerholm 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1999,37(9):2829-2833
In a follow-up study, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections in 145 children from two communities located in northeastern Argentina were monitored for 2 years. The occurrence of diarrhea was monitored by weekly household visits. Of 730 fecal specimens collected, 137 (19%) corresponded to diarrheal episodes. ETEC was isolated from a significantly higher proportion of symptomatic (18.3%) than asymptomatic (13.3%) children (P = 0.04541). Individuals of up to 24 months of age were found to have a higher risk of developing ETEC diarrhea than older children (odds ratio [OR], 3.872; P = 0.00021). When the toxin profiles were considered, only heat stable enterotoxin (ST)-producing ETEC was directly associated with diarrhea (P = 0.00035). Fifty-five percent of the ETEC isolated from symptomatic children and 19% of the ETEC isolated from asymptomatic children expressed one of the colonization factors (CFs) investigated, i.e., CF antigen I (CFA/I), CFA/II, CFA/III, and CFA/IV; coli surface antigens CS7 and CS17; and putative CFs PCFO159, PCFO166, and PCFO20, indicating a clear association between diarrhea and ETEC strains that carry these factors (P = 0.0000034). The most frequently identified CFs were CFA/IV (16%), CFA/I (10%), and CS17 (9%). CFs were mostly associated with ETEC strains that produce ST and both heat-labile enterotoxin and ST. Logistic regression analysis, applied to remove confounding effects, revealed that the expression of CFs was associated with illness independently of the toxin type (OR, 4.81; P = 0.0003). When each CF was considered separately, CS17 was the only factor independently associated with illness (OR, 16.6; P = 0.0151). Most CFs (the exception was CFA/IV) fell within a limited array of serotypes, while the CF-negative isolates belonged to many different O:H types. These results demonstrate that some CFs are risk factors for the development of ETEC diarrhea. 相似文献
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Fang X Yu MM Yuen WH Zee SY Chang RC 《International journal of molecular medicine》2005,16(6):1109-1116
Prunella vulgaris L. (Labiatae), a popular Western and Chinese herbal medicine, has long been associated with anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. While its anti-viral effects are attributed mainly to the inhibition of virus replication, the biological mechanisms of its anti-bacterial effects remain unknown. As a biological response modifier (BRM), the polysaccharides isolated from P. vulgaris have been shown to up-regulate the immune responses of monocytes/macrophages. However, the immune stimulatory effects seem to contradict its well-known anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that the anti-microbial effects exhibited by the polysaccharides isolated from P. vulgaris encompass both anti-inflammatory and immune stimulatory effects. One of the polysaccharide fractions PV2IV markedly stimulated the production of superoxide and nitrite representing nitric oxide from murine macrophage RAW264.7 and brain macrophage BV2 cells. The amount of nitrite and superoxide produced after PV2IV stimulation was as high as that stimulated by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PV2IV also increased cellular protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). Similar to the effects of a high dose of LPS, the fraction PV2 could trigger activation-induced cell death (AICD) by stimulating caspase-3 activity and reduction of MTT uptake in monocytes/macrophages. These results may help our understanding of the molecular mechanism of P. vulgaris, which exhibited both immune stimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects against microbial invasion. 相似文献
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Webs of Araneus diadematus Cl. were obtained under drugged (dextroamphetamine) and control conditions at three age-periods in the development of the spider from juvenility to sexual maturity. Although certain features of construction are affected in all periods and some exhibit differential effects with age, it was not possible to separate the latter from changes in body mass between periods. 相似文献
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Evidence for linkage of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate to a region on chromosome 2 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zeiger JS Hetmanski JB Beaty TH VanderKolk CA Wyszynski DF Bailey-Wilson JE de Luna RO Perandones C Tolarova MM Mosby T Bennun R Segovia M Calda P Pugh EW Doheny K McIntosh I 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2003,11(11):835-839
Results from a genome-wide screen of 10 multiplex families ascertained through probands with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) in Mexico, Argentina, and the United States yielded suggestive evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2, 6, 17 and 18. Fine mapping excluded all regions except chromosome 2. Subsequent analysis was performed on the original 10 families plus an additional 16 families using 31 markers on chromosome 2. This analysis showed intriguing evidence of linkage to 2q (Zlr=2.26, empirical P-value=0.028 in a chromosome-wide analysis). Transmission disequilibrium tests also revealed evidence of linkage and disequilibrium for two markers in this region (D2S168 and D2S1400 with P-values=0.022 and 0.006, respectively). A subset of these 26 families provided additional evidence for a susceptibility gene for CL/P on 2q, suggesting that further studies of genes in this region are warranted. 相似文献