Mozart effect in preschool children?

In 1993, Rauscher et al. reported a temporary increase in spatial-temporal ability after listening to Mozart's music. This led to numerous replication and extension studies with mixed findings in the past decade. This study investigated the 'Mozart effect' in preschool children. Forty-one boys and girls, aged three to five, attempted a series of pencil-and-paper maze tests after each of three listening conditions: Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major (K488), age-appropriate popular music and silence. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences among the three interventions. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other investigations of the Mozart effect, and the need for further investigation of possible trends.     

人体蠕形螨的生物学研究

用透明胶带法观察蠕形螨在人体面部的寄生、逸出及其在体外的存活能力。结果表明：毛囊蠕形螨（Ｄｅｍｏｄ－ｅｘｆｏｌｉｃｕｌｏｒｕｍ，Ｄ．ｆ．）主要以颚体朝向毛囊底部寄生，且常常有多条群居现象，而皮脂蠕形螨，（Ｄｅｍｏｄｅｘｂｒｅｖｉｓ，Ｄ．ｂ．）一般为单条独居生活。两种人体蠕形螨昼夜均可主动爬出毛囊口出现在皮肤表面，Ｄ．ｆ．以白天１０００～１８００为逸出高峰；Ｄ．ｂ．则以夜间２２００～２００逸出最多。此外，蠕形螨在体外有较强的活动力和存活力。透明胶带法在人体蠕形螨的流行病学调查和生物学研究方面具有较高的应用价值     

我焗花螺献给你

想起吃饭，奶猪有时候高兴．有时候不高兴。 老头儿猪对她说过．挨饿的时候他总惦记自杀，因为他见到那势头，总觉得躲不过去。之所以后来还活着．是因为他想到要是不死，保不准哪天还能吃上碗红烧肉，死了可就板上定钉永远也吃不上了。老头儿猪因为这个崇高的信念咬牙切齿地养大了肉猪他爸肉猪他爸又养大了肉猪。肉猪是奶猪的男朋友，肉猪他爸和老头儿猪把肉猪叫肉猪，肉猪把奶猪叫奶猪，肉猪说：“这样好，听起来就胖乎乎香喷喷的”。     

Deep Brain Stimulation——A new treatment for tinnitus

Intractable tinnitus can lead to serious consequences. Study evidence indicates that the central nervous system is involved in generation and maintenance of chronic tinnitus and that tinnitus and other neurologic symptoms such as chronic pain may share similar mechanisms. Brain ablation and stimulation are used to treat chronic pain with success. Recent studies showed that ablation and stimulation in non-auditory areas resulted in tinnitus improvement. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an alternative treatment for intractable tinnitus and deserves further study.     

Apolipoprotein E—associated risk for Alzheimer's disease in the African-American population is genotype dependent

As a part of our ongoing study on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly African Americans, we obtained clinical assessment and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype data on 288 individuals (including 60 with AD). The ApoE σ4 allele frequency was significantly increased in AD patients compared with controls. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for AD in σ4 homozygotes was 4.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–13.64) compared with the σ3/σ3 genotype, but the OR for AD with the σ3/σ4 genotype did not reach significance (1.20; 95% CI, 0.58–2.45). These findings suggest that the association between ApoE σ4 and AD is weaker in African Americans than in whites.     

Disposition of Tablet and Capsule Formulations of Digoxin in the Elderly

Study Objective . To compare digoxin tablets and liquid-filled capsules with respect to excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces at steady state. Design . A randomized, crossover trial, each period lasting 3 weeks, with no washout period. Setting . A university hospital. Patients . Six patients, five of whom were elderly, with histories of gastrointestinal disorders, such as hypochlorhydria, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and inflammatory bowel disease. Interventions . The patients received digoxin once/day in either tablet or capsule form for 3 weeks, and then were switched to the other formulation. Total urinary and fecal excretion from the last 3 days of each regimen were analyzed for the drug and metabolites. Measurements and Main Results . No statistically significant differences were found between tablets and capsules in recovery of digoxin or its metabolites in urine or feces (p=0.05). One subject had a 4-fold increase in urinary drug excretion and 50% decrease in fecal excretion after taking the capsules compared with tablets. Intersubject variability in extent and type of metabolite excretion was greater than intrasubject variability. Conclusions . Fecal analyses may be an accurate way to classify patients as formers of digoxin reduction products.     

AUGMENTATION OF ANGIOTENSIN II RELEASE FROM ISOLATED MESENTERIC ARTERIES OF WISTAR-KYOTO AND SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS FOLLOWING NEPHRECTOMY

1. We previously reported that angiotensin II release from the mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) increased in a time-dependent manner as a result of the isolation of the arteries and perfusion. This phenomenon appeared to be due to the withdrawal of circulating angiotensin II (AII). 2. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that vascular AII generation may be negatively regulated by circulating AII in WKY and SHR, and to clarify the role of this vascular angiotensin II in the sustained hypertension of SHR following nephrectomy. 3. The mesenteric arteries from kidney-intact and nephrectomized WKY and SHR were perfused and the amount of AII released into the perfusate was measured. The effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, and the effects of supplementation of renal renin and circulating angiotensins to nephrectomized rats, by blood exchange between kidney-intact and nephrectomized rats, on AII release were examined to clarify the pathway of vascular AII generation after nephrectomy. 4. Nephrectomy caused augmentation of vascular AII release both in WKY and SHR in spite of the abolishment of circulating renin. Captopril reduced this enhanced release of AII, but blood exchange did not affect it. There was no significant difference in these responses between WKY and SHR. 5. These results suggest that WKY and SHR have in common a potent pathway for production of vascular AII in response to the withdrawal of circulating AII, although this pathway is not responsible for the sustained hypertension of SHR after nephrectomy. The precise pathophysiological role of this pathway remains to be elucidated.     

纸质病案保存期限的思考

本文作者比较了不同时期的纸质病案的使用率,讨论了旧病案的缺点,如难于保存,占用空间及实用价值不大.作者提出了改进保存病案的办法.