A combined course of primary health care practice and family medicine at the University of Gezira

The community-based course presented is a longitudinal course running through four semesters in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. Students combine their regular work in primary health care centres with attachments to a number of families in Wad Medani town. They continue to visit these families regularly throughout their entire medical course with the aim of studying them and helping them with some of their medical and psychosocial problems.     

Advances in computer-assisted single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for epilepsy surgery in children

Epilepsy surgery has emerged as an important option in the treatment of children with epilepsy that is refractory to antiepileptic drug management. The cornerstone of successful surgery is accurate localization of the brain region of seizure onset. Traditional techniques of seizure onset localization, e.g. surface electroencephalography (EEG) recording and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow accurate localization in a significant number of patients. When the focus of seizure onset is not apparent from these non-invasive techniques, other methods of localization, e.g. intracranial EEG recording, may be needed before resection of the focus. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear medicine blood-flow technique that has been used to identify a region of epileptogenic brain associated with low blood flow in the resting state (interictal SPECT) or increased blood flow at the time of seizure activity (ictal SPECT). This report describes the validation and utility of a computer-assisted method of subtracting the interictal from the ictal SPECT scans and co-registering the difference image on the MRI. This method, called subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered on MRI (SISCOM), is used in guiding the location and the extent of intracranial electrode implantation, or in obviating the need for the implantation in some cases.     

Acute otomastoiditis and its complications: role of CT

Acute bacterial (suppurative) otomastoiditis responds to antibiotic treatment; radiologic study is required only when there is clinical suggestion of coalescent mastoiditis, intracranial complications, or an underlying chronic disease. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for evaluating otogenic intra- or extra-cranial complications. CT scans can show stages of disease progression when infection has spread by way of soft tissue, blood, and bone pathways into the dural venous sinuses, meninges, labyrinth, facial nerves, epidural and other intracranial spaces. When there is clinical suggestion of acute coalescent mastoiditis, a CT scan of the temporal bone can confirm the presence of rarefying osteitis, coalescence of the air cells, and subperiosteal abscess.     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting with complete opacification of the hemithorax: A case report

BACKGROUND

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a subtype of primary lung sarcoma is a very rare disease. It usually presents as a lung nodules and the final diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical studies.

METHODS

A 45-year-old patient presented with progressive dyspnea, dry cough and right shoulder pain. Chest X-ray revealed complete opacification of the right hemithorax. Chest computed tomography confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous lesion occupying the whole right hemithorax causing a mass effect on the trachea. Ultrasound guided biopsy was done and final pathology was suggestive of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

CONCLUSION

Progressive dyspnea in young otherwise healthy patients should be investigated early on. In our case the presence of right shoulder pain indicates advance disease illustrated by the singular imaging findings.     

Thiocarbohydrazide-crosslinked chitosan as a bioinspired corrosion inhibitor for protection of stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl

A facile single-step synthesis was performed to cross-link chitosan with thiocarbohydrazide to yield thiocarbohydrazide-chitosan (TC-Cht) which was for the first time evaluated as an inhibitor for corrosion of stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. A comprehensive electrochemical analysis employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was undertaken and showed that the TC-Cht acts by adsorption on the steel surface and exhibits mixed type behavior with predominantly cathodic nature. The adsorption of TC-Cht molecules on the surface of stainless steel followed the Langmuir isotherm. The TC-Cht showed a high inhibition efficiency of >94% at 500 mg L^?1 concentration. Surface investigation using SEM and EDX supported the inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface.     

Lack of Amphetamine-Like Effects After Administration of Mefenorex in Normal Young Subjects

Mefenorex is an indirect sympathomimetic amine which acts as an anorectic drug and is used in combination with low diet to treat excess weight. The central nervous system (CNS) effects of mefenorex were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over, placebo-controlled study involving nine healthy young male volunteers. They received either a single oral dose of mefenorex 80 mg (twice the recommended dose) or d-amphetamine sulfate 18 mg or a placebo at 1-week intervals. CNS pharmacodynamic measurements consisted of subjective evaluation (visual analogue scales and the Addiction Research Centre inventory (ARCI)), EEG, psychomotor performance and attention (tracking, simple and choice reaction times, tapping, continuous performance task, DSST, body sway) and memory (working memory and recall of a word list). d-Amphetamine produced a typical psychostimulant EEG profile (significant decrease in slow delta waves and increase in fast beta activities), significantly increased amphetamine, benzedrine and morphine–benzedrine scores of ARCI and significantly decreased body sway compared to placebo and mefenorex. A trend in favour of a stimulant effect occurred for all other parameters (particularly speed of reaction) and no changes of memory were noticed. In contrast, mefenorex did not produce an amphetamine-like EEG profile, neither significantly changed ARCI scores nor significantly modified psychomotor and memory performance compared to the placebo, although it induced a decrease in body sway. In conclusion, the present results indicate that a single oral dose of mefenorex, at twice the recommended daily dose, does not possess amphetamine-like subjective and EEG stimulant effects or sensations of well-being, often encountered with drugs of abuse liability potential, in a healthy young population.