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1.
Medical experts have disputed whether childhood cyclic vomiting is a manifestation of epilepsy or a migraine equivalent. Quantitative EEG provides an objective measure of changes in brain activity during and between episodes. This paper reports reversible changes involving two episodes in a patient whose history included cyclic vomiting and emotional/behavioural problems. Abnormal delta activity seen during both episodes resolved at follow-up, when the patient asymptomatic. The brain wave changes counter the hypothesis that vomiting in these patients is psychosomatic, and support the interpretation of cyclic vomiting as a migraine equivalent. 相似文献
2.
We have investigated the density of peptides required to elicit different biological responses in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), including trogocytosis (i.e., the phenomenon whereby the lymphocytes actively capture fragments of plasma membrane from those cells with which they establish an immune synapse). We have used two separate mouse models of CTL recognising defined peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. In both systems, triggering of cytotoxicity and capture of membrane components reached saturation with low densities of ligand. On the other hand, down-modulation of cell-surface levels of TCR, induction of IFN-gamma production and detection of peptide captured required much higher ligand densities. Interestingly, fratricide (i.e., killing between CTL sharing the same specificity), a mechanism proposed to account for CTL exhaustion, was detected only at antigen concentrations still well above that second threshold leading to full blown activation. Taken together, our results show that the different thresholds that govern the elicitation of different CTL functions correlate with different proportions of antigen among the target cell components being captured via trogocytosis. 相似文献
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Nabarra B Martinon C Godard C Vasseur F de Ribains G Miquerol L Kahn A Ezine S 《Developmental immunology》2002,9(4):223-231
Bone marrow progenitors migrate to the thymus, where they proliferate and differentiate into immunologically competent T cells. In this report we show that mice transgenic for SV40 T and t antigens under the control of the L-pyruvate kinase promoter develop, in a first step, thymic hyperplasia of both thymocytes and epithelial cells. Morphological studies (histology, immunohistolabeling and electron microscopy) revealed modifications of the thymic microenvironment and gradual expansion of medullary epithelial cells in 1 month-old mice, taking over the cortical region. Then, a thymic carcinoma develops. Two-color labeling of frozen sections identified the transgene in medullary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a marked increase in mature CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes in adult mice (39 +/- 10 x 10(6) in transgenic mice and 12 +/- 5 x 10(6) in age-matched controls). Furthermore, thymocyte export was disturbed. 相似文献
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Behazine Sadat-Sowti Patrice Debr Lucile Mollet Laurent Quint Fabienne Hadida Vronique Leblond Georges Bismuth Brigitte Autran 《European journal of immunology》1994,24(11):2882-2888
An inhibitor of the cytotoxic functions (ICF) mediated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- or HLA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is secreted by CD8+CD57? T lymphocytes, a subset expanded during infection with HIV and after bone marrow transplantation. We previously showed an apparent molecular mass of 20–30 kDa for this soluble glycosylated concanavalin A-binding inhibitor which is distinct from known cytokines. Here, we report a characterization of the mechanism of action of this CD8+CD57+ ICF. We show that the ICF-induced inhibition of LAK cell cytolytic activity is transient, with a spontaneous recovery of cytolytic potential after 18 h. When testing interactions of ICF with a large set of cytokines we found that the ICF-mediated inhibition of cytotoxic functions is antagonized by two cytokines: recombinant interleukin (rIL)-4 and recombinant interferon (rIFN)-γ. Finally, we show that ICF acts at the level of cytolytic effector cells, where it induces a significant increase of cyclic AMP (cAMP) level. In contrast, no modification of either cell surface antigen expression or of target/effector cell conjugate formation could be evidenced. Addition of rIL-4 and rIFN-γ reverses such an increase of cAMP levels and in parallel restores the cytolytic activity. Altogether, these data demonstrate that the glycoprotein ICF produced by CD8+CD57+ cells (1) inhibits cell-mediated cytotoxicity by sensitizing cytolytic effector cells to the cAMP pathway, and (2) is part of a cytokine network controlling cell-mediated cytotoxic functions. 相似文献
7.
Nathalie Chavarot Gillian Divard Anne Scemla Lucile Amrouche Olivier Aubert Marianne Leruez-Ville Marc O. Timsit Claire Tinel Julien Zuber Christophe Legendre Dany Anglicheau Rebecca Sberro-Soussan 《American journal of transplantation》2021,21(7):2448-2458
Belatacept may increase cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease risk after conversion from CNI-based therapy. We analyzed CMV disease characteristics after belatacept conversion. Propensity score matching was used to compare CMV disease incidence in belatacept- and CNI-treated kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). CMV disease characteristics and risk factors under belatacept were analyzed. In total, 223 KTRs (median age [IQR] 59.2 years [45.4–68.5]) were converted to belatacept (median of 11.5 months [2.5–37.0] post-transplantation); 40/223 (17.9%) developed CMV disease. Independent risk factors included increased age (p = .0164), D+/R− CMV serostatus (p = .0220), and low eGFR at conversion (p = .0355). Among 181 belatacept-treated patients matched to 181 controls, 32/181 (17.7%) experienced CMV disease (vs. 5/181 controls [2.8%]). CMV disease cumulative incidences were 6.33 and 0.91/100 person-years (p-y) in belatacept and control groups, respectively. CMV disease risk was particularly high in elderly patients (converted >70 years) and those with eGFR <30 ml/min; cumulative incidences were 18.4 and 5.2/100 p-y, respectively. CMV diseases under belatacept were atypical, with late-onset disease (24/40 patients [60%]), high CMV seropositivity (27/40, 67%), increased severe and tissue-invasive disease rates (gastrointestinal involvement in 32/40 [80%]) and life-threatening diseases (4/40 [10%]). These findings should stimulate further research to secure the use of belatacept as a valuable rescue therapy in KTRs. 相似文献
8.
Clémence Jacquin Emilie Landais Céline Poirsier Alexandra Afenjar Ahmad Akhavi Nathalie Bednarek Caroline Bénech Adeline Bonnard Damien Bosquet Lydie Burglen Patrick Callier Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Christine Coubes Charles Coutton Bruno Delobel Margaux Descharmes Jean-Michel Dupont Vincent Gatinois Nicolas Gruchy Sarah Guterman Abdelkader Heddar Lucas Herissant Delphine Heron Bertrand Isidor Pauline Jaeger Guillaume Jouret Boris Keren Paul Kuentz Cedric Le Caignec Jonathan Levy Nathalie Lopez Zoe Manssens Dominique Martin-Coignard Isabelle Marey Cyril Mignot Chantal Missirian Céline Pebrel-Richard Lucile Pinson Jacques Puechberty Sylvia Redon Damien Sanlaville Marta Spodenkiewicz Anne-Claude Tabet Alain Verloes Gaelle Vieville Catherine Yardin François Vialard Martine Doco-Fenzy 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2023,191(2):445-458
Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome (1p36DS) is one of the most common terminal deletion syndromes (incidence between 1/5000 and 1/10,000 live births in the American population), due to a heterozygous deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1. The 1p36DS is characterized by typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy/congenital heart defect, brain abnormalities, hearing loss, eyes/vision problem, and short stature. The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the incidence of the 1p36DS in the French population compared to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21; (2) review the postnatal phenotype related to microarray data, compared to previously publish prenatal data. Thanks to a collaboration with the ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française), we have collected data of 86 patients constituting, to the best of our knowledge, the second-largest cohort of 1p36DS patients in the literature. We estimated an average of at least 10 cases per year in France. 1p36DS seems to be much less frequent than 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21. Patients presented mainly dysmorphism, microcephaly, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, brain malformations, behavioral disorders, cardiomyopathy, or cardiovascular malformations and, pre and/or postnatal growth retardation. Cardiac abnormalities, brain malformations, and epilepsy were more frequent in distal deletions, whereas microcephaly was more common in proximal deletions. Mapping and genotype–phenotype correlation allowed us to identify four critical regions responsible for intellectual disability. This study highlights some phenotypic variability, according to the deletion position, and helps to refine the phenotype of 1p36DS, allowing improved management and follow-up of patients. 相似文献
9.
Ricard Navins Giovanni Oriolo Igor Horrillo Myriam Cavero Bruno Aouizerate Martin Schaefer Lucile Capuron J Javier Meana Rocio Martin-Santos 《The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP)》2022,25(6):468
BackgroundThe relationship between antidepressant response and glial, inflammatory, and metabolic markers is poorly understood in depression. This study assessed the ability of biological markers to predict antidepressant response in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsWe included 31 MDD outpatients treated with escitalopram or sertraline for 8 consecutive weeks. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was administered at baseline and at week 4 and 8 of treatment. Concomitantly, blood samples were collected for the determination of serum S100B, C-reactive protein (CRP), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C levels. Treatment response was defined as ≥50% improvement in the MADRS score from baseline to either week 4 or 8. Variables associated with treatment response were included in a linear regression model as predictors of treatment response.ResultsTwenty-seven patients (87%) completed 8 weeks of treatment; 74% and 63% were responders at week 4 and 8, respectively. High S100B and low HDL-C levels at baseline were associated with better treatment response at both time points. Low CRP levels were correlated with better response at week 4. Multivariate analysis showed that high baseline S100B levels and low baseline HDL-C levels were good predictors of treatment response at week 4 (R2 = 0.457, P = .001), while S100B was at week 8 (R2 = 0.239, P = .011). Importantly, baseline S100B and HDL-C levels were not associated with depression severity and did not change over time with clinical improvement.ConclusionsSerum S100B levels appear to be a useful biomarker of antidepressant response in MDD even when considering inflammatory and metabolic markers. 相似文献
10.
Asma Dilawari Christopher Gallagher Princess Alintah Ami Chitalia Shruti Tiwari Richard Paxman Lucile Adams-Campbell Chiranjeev Dash 《The oncologist》2021,26(4):292-e548
Lessons Learned
- Despite U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval to reduce alopecia, data on efficacy of scalp cooling in Black patients with cancer are limited by lack of minority representation in prior clinical trials.
- Scalp cooling devices may have less efficacy in Black patients; additional studies are required to explore the possible causes for this, including hair texture and cap design.