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1.
MANYA T. ANGLEY LLOYD N. SANSOM TIMOTHY C. SMEATON IEVA STUPANS 《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》1996,48(4):386-389
In the present study, the possibility that cyclophosphamide or a cyclophosphamide metabolite may be accelerating the clearance of triiodothyronine has been examined. Following administration of exogenous triiodothyronine to saline-and cyclophosphamide-treated rats, the area under the plasma-concentration time curve (AUC), apparent clearance (CLapp) and half-life of triiodothyronine were measured. AUC (34.43 ± 12.34 compared with 33.32 ± 9.92 nmol hL?1), CLapp (36.30 ± 12.89 compared with 37.51 ± 11.16 mLh?1) and half-life (7.50 ± 1.39 compared with 6.40 ± 0.96 h) were not significantly different in the control rats compared with the cyclophosphamide-treated rats. As cyclophosphamide does not appear to alter the elimination of triiodothyronine, it is likely that cyclophosphamide or a cyclophosphamide metabolite is acting at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, reducing the synthesis or release of thyroid stimulating hormone and consequently decreasing the levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. 相似文献
2.
Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal anti-P30 antibody resistant mutant of Toxoplasma gondii 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
LLOYD H. KASPER 《Parasite immunology》1987,9(4):433-445
Of the possible iodine-labelled Toxoplasma gondii surface proteins, P30 (apparent Mr 30,000) is the principal one recognized by acute and convalescent anti-toxoplasma sera. This protein which comprises from 3 to 5% of the total parasite protein was used to raise a panel of parasiticidal monoclonal anti-P30 antibodies. One of these monoclonal antibodies was able to select a resistant mutant from a large population of chemically mutagenized wild-type P strain parasites. This mutant retained the wild type sensitivity to other non-P30 parasiticidal monoclonal antibodies as well as polyclonal anti-P30 rabbit sera. Analysis of surface radioiodinated wild type and mutant parasites showed that the mutant had a quantitative reduction in the amount of P30. A comparison of surface biotin labelled wild type and resistant parasites by two dimensional electrophoresis showed that the mutant lacked one and possibly two of several proteins that make up wild type P30. Western blot analysis indicated that the mutant was devoid of antigenically reactive P30. These findings further support the hypothesis that antigenic variants of T. gondii can be induced and may involve the major surface membrane antigens of the parasite. 相似文献
3.
The prevalence of coeliac disease in adult diabetes mellitus 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
PAGE S.R.; LLOYD C.A.; HILL P.G.; PEACOCK I.; HOLMES G.K.T. 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1994,87(10):631-637
Coeliac disease occurs more commonly in children with insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus (IDDM) than in the general population, butthe prevalence of coeliac disease in adults with diabetes isunknown. We therefore screened an adult hospital-based diabeticpopulation using IgA antigliadin antibody (IgA-AGA) to identifythose patients requiring intestinal biopsy. In 1 year, 1789patients (43% IDDM, 57% NIDDM) were screened, and 73 had raisedIgA-AGA. Of these patients, 49 agreed to duodenal biopsy and13 (10 IDDM) had coeliac disease. Selective IgA deficiency wasfound in eight patients, one of whom had coeliac disease. Ofthese 14 patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease, fourhad microcytic anaemia, nine a low serum ferritin, and foura low albumin-corrected calcium. Eight patients had symptomswhich improved on gluten withdrawal. Dietary compliance wasmaintained in 6/8 symptomatic patients, but only in 1/6 withoutsymptoms. Included in the 1789 patients were four (all IDDM)with known coeliac disease. The overall prevalence of coeliacdisease in adult patients with IDDM was 1:50 compared with 1:340in NIDDM. Coeliac disease is common in adults with IDDM andmay cause malabsorption and ill health. It should be suspectedin any IDDM patient with gastrointestinal symptoms or unexplainedanaemia. 相似文献
4.
REDMAN SALLY; WATKINS JULIA; EVANS LOUISE; LLOYD DEBORAH 《Health promotion international》1995,10(2):101-113
Breast feeding has nutritional, immunologic and antiallergicadvantages for the infant. Although it has been widely recommendedthat infants be exclusively breast fed until 46 monthsof age, only about half of all Australian babies currently receiveextended breast feeding. The present study evaluated an intensiveprogramme designed to increase the proportion ofprimi-parousmothers who breast fed for 4 months or longer. Women who registeredwith the hospital at least 20 weeks before delivery and whointended to breastfeed were eligible for the study. Two hundredand thirty-five women were allocated to receive either usualcare or an intensive breast feeding programme when they registeredwith the hospital. The intensive programme consisted of writtenmaterials, and group and individual sessions with a lactationcounsellor. It also included a visit from a breastfeeding consultantwhile in hospital after the birth and contact on return home.Women were followed up 6 weeks and 4 months after delivery.There were no significant differences in breastfeeding ratesbetween the control and intervention groups at either follow-uppoint. Breast feeding until 4 months was more likely among womenwhose baby did not receive a bottle feed while still in hospitaland who did not smoke, use the combined oral contraceptive pillor introduce solid food before 4 months. Those mothers who enjoyedand felt satisfied with breastfeeding were more likely to continueto 4 months. It seems likely that programmes designed to increasebreastfeeding will need to address underlying factors such ashospital policy rather than simply providing more health education. 相似文献
5.
6.
MALIGNANT PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA: CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND SCINTIGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. SHAPIRO J. C. SISSON R. LLOYD M. NAKAJO W. SATTERLEE W. H. BEIERWALTES 《Clinical endocrinology》1984,20(2):189-203
We have evaluated thirty patients with malignant metastatic phaeochromocytoma with regard to clinical features, indices of catecholamine secretion, histology of lesions and a number of imaging procedures including scintigraphy with the recently developed sympathetic tissue-seeking radiopharmaceutical 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). The primary tumour was extra-adrenal in 13 cases. The commonest site of metastases was the axial skeleton (20 cases), followed by liver (four cases), lymph nodes (four cases), peritoneum (two cases) and lung (three cases). The malignancies were indolent, the mean time following the initial diagnosis was 9.18 years (range 0 to 33 years) and the mean duration of known metastases 3.71 years (range 0 to 18 years). There was a wide range of abnormalities in plasma and urinary catecholamines which did not correlate with the extent of tumour spread, histological pattern (mitotic index, Zellballen pattern, capsular or vascular invasion pleomorphism or necrosis) or 131I-MIBG uptake by tumour deposits. 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was found to be a useful technique for determining the extent of metastatic disease in most cases (26 of 30) and in some patients (16 of 30) was more sensitive than other radiological procedures. No false positive scans were encountered. 相似文献
7.
8.
Shaping ability of the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom Files in simulated root canals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. LLOYD A. JAUNBERZINS A. DHOPATKAR S. BRYANT P. M. H. DUMMER 《International endodontic journal》1997,30(1):16-24
The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the M4 reciprocating handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated canals. A total of 40 simulated canals of various angles and positions of curvature were prepared with an M4 handpiece using Safety Hedstrom files oriented with the ground, flattened surface towards the inner aspect of the curve. A standard regimen was adopted throughout. Pre- and post-operative longitudinal images of the canals were taken with a video camera and stored and manipulated in a computer with image analysis software. The presence of canal aberrations and the amount and location of resin material removed as a result of preparation were determined from composite images of superimposed pre- and post-operative views. Preparation time varied significantly (P<0.001) between the canal types; overall, 20° canals were prepared more quickly than 40° canals. Zips and elbows were observed in 16 out of the 40 canals with most (11) being created in 40° specimens. Ledges were found in 19 canals and perforations in only 1. There were no significant differences between canal shapes for these aberrations. Excessive removal of material from the inner aspect of the canal at the curve to create a danger zone was found in 20 canals, but only in those with 40° curves. Significant differences in total canal width between the canal types were seen at the zips (P<0.05), elbows (P<0.05) and danger zones (P<0.001). Transportation at the danger zones varied significantly (P<0.001) between canal types. Under the conditions of this study, the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files created hour-glass preparations in a substantial proportion of canals. In reality, the Safety Hedstrom file with its one flattened surface was ineffective at reducing removal of material along the inner aspect of canal curves in severely curved specimens and clearly has the potential to create strip perforations in teeth. 相似文献
9.
N. S. LLOYD J. D. DOUKETIS I. MOINUDDIN W. LIM M. A. CROWTHER 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2008,6(3):405-414
Summary. Background: The effect of anticoagulant prophylaxis on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should include an investigation of both clinical and subclinical DVT. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether anticoagulant prophylaxis reduces the risk of asymptomatic DVT compared to no prophylaxis in at-risk hospitalized medical patients. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2007 for randomized trials of anticoagulant prophylaxis for the prevention of asymptomatic DVT, assessed by venogram or ultrasound. We assessed four outcomes: all asymptomatic DVT, asymptomatic proximal DVT, major bleeding and mortality. Random effects meta-analyses were performed and results were expressed using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Four trials including 5516 patients were eligible. Our pooled analysis demonstrated that compared to placebo, anticoagulant prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower risk of any asymptomatic DVT (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39–0.67) and asymptomatic proximal DVT (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.31–0.65). Anticoagulant prophylaxis was associated with a significantly increased risk of major bleeding compared to placebo (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.05–3.79). There was no significant difference in the pooled estimate for all-cause mortality. Anticoagulant prophylaxis conferred an absolute risk reduction of any DVT and proximal DVT of 2.6% and 1.8%, respectively, and was associated with a 0.5% absolute risk increase in major bleeding. Conclusions: Anticoagulant prophylaxis is effective in preventing asymptomatic DVT in at-risk hospitalized medical patients but is associated with an increased bleeding risk. The therapeutic benefits of anticoagulant prophylaxis appear to outweigh the risks of bleeding. 相似文献
10.