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排序方式: 共有554条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Summary— KR31080 (2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(1-oxopyridin-2-yl)-3-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b] pyridine) is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin type 1 (AT1 ) receptors in rabbit aorta and human recombinant AT1 receptors. In the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta, KR31080 caused a nonparallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curves to angiotensin II (All) with decreased maximal response (pD'2 = 10.1 ± 0.1), but had no effect on the contractile response induced by norepinephrine. KR31080 inhibited specific [125 I]AII binding to rabbit aortic membranes (AT, receptors) and [125 I][Sar1 , Ile8 ]AII binding to human recombinant AT1 receptors in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.84 ± 0.08 nM and 1.92 ± 0.15 nM, respectively, but did not inhibit specific [125 I)AII binding to bovine cerebellum membranes (ÀT2 receptors). In the Scatchard analysis, KR31080 interacted with rabbit aortic AT1 receptors in a competitive manner, similar to losartan. These results demonstrate that KR31080 is a potent and AT1 selective angiotensin receptor antagonist which exerts a competitive antagonism in the [125 I]AII binding assay and insurmountable AT1 receptor antagonism in the functional study. 相似文献
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Detection of chromosomes and estimation of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa using fluorescence in-situ hybridization 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The development and application of fluorescence in-situ hybridization
(FISH) has opened the way for comprehensive studies on numerical chromosome
abnormalities in human spermatozoa. FISH can be rapidly applied to large
numbers of spermatozoa and thus overcomes the major limitation of
karyotyping spermatozoa after penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes. The
simultaneous hybridization of two or more chromosome-specific probes to
spermatozoa and subsequent detection of the bound probes using different
fluorescent detection systems enables two or more chromosomes to be
localized simultaneously in the same spermatozoon and provides a technique
for undertaking reasonable estimates of aneuploidy. The most commonly used
probes are those which bind to the centromeric region of specific
chromosomes. Most studies to date have concentrated on estimating
aneuploidy in spermatozoa from normospermic men, although reports are
beginning to appear on aneuploidy in spermatozoa from subfertile and
infertile men. Multi- probe FISH studies have generally reported disomy
(hyperhaploidy) estimates of 0.05-0.2% per chromosome. There is preliminary
evidence that some chromosomes such as X, Y and 21 are predisposed towards
higher rates of non-disjunction during spermatogenesis. There are also
suggestions of inter-donor variability in aneuploidy frequencies for
specific chromosomes, although this requires confirmation in larger
studies. While FISH is clearly a powerful technique that has many
applications in reproductive medicine, it must also be realized that it
does have limitations and the technology itself is still evolving and has
yet to be fully validated on spermatozoa.
相似文献
4.
Vaughan JR; Farrer MJ; Wszolek ZK; Gasser T; Durr A; Agid Y; Bonifati V; DeMichele G; Volpe G; Lincoln S; Breteler M; Meco G; Brice A; Marsden CD; Hardy J; Wood NW 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(4):751-753
A mutation in exon 4 of the human alpha-synuclein gene was reported
recently in four families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD).
In order to examine whether mutations in this exon or elsewhere in the gene
are common in familial PD, all seven exons of the alpha- synuclein gene
were amplified by PCR from index cases of 30 European and American
Caucasian kindreds affected with autosomal dominant PD. Each product was
sequenced directly and examined for mutations in the open reading frame. No
mutations were found in any of the samples examined. We conclude that the
A53T change described in the alpha- synuclein gene is a rare cause of PD or
may even be a rare variant. Mutations in the regulatory or intronic regions
of the gene were not excluded by this study.
相似文献
5.
Preliminary observations on polar body extrusion and pronuclear formation in human oocytes using time-lapse video cinematography 总被引:10,自引:17,他引:10
Payne D; Flaherty SP; Barry MF; Matthews CD 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(3):532-541
In this study, we have used time-lapse video cinematography to study
fertilization in 50 human oocytes that had undergone intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI). Time-lapse recording commenced shortly after ICSI and
proceeded for 17-20 h. Oocytes were cultured in an environmental chamber
which was maintained under standard culture conditions. Overall, 38 oocytes
(76%) were fertilized normally, and the fertilization rate and embryo
quality were not significantly different from 487 sibling oocytes cultured
in a conventional incubator. Normal fertilization followed a defined course
of events, although the timing of these events varied markedly between
oocytes. In 35 of the 38 fertilized oocytes (92%), there were circular
waves of granulation within the ooplasm which had a periodicity of 20-53
min. The sperm head decondensed during this granulation phase. The second
polar body was then extruded, and this was followed by the central
formation of the male pronucleus. The female pronucleus formed in the
cytoplasm adjacent to the second polar body at the same time as, or
slightly after, the male pronucleus, and was subsequently drawn towards the
male pronucleus until the two abutted. Both pronuclei then increased in
size, the nucleoli moved around within the pronuclei and some nucleoli
coalesced. During pronuclear growth, the organelles contracted from the
cortex towards the centre of the oocyte, leaving a clear cortical zone. The
oocyte decreased in diameter from 112 to 106 microm (P < 0.0001) during
the course of the observation period. The female pronucleus was
significantly smaller in diameter than the male pronucleus (24.1 and 22.4
microm respectively, P = 0.008) and contained fewer nucleoli (4.2 and 7.0
respectively, P < 0.0001). After time-lapse recording, oocytes were
cultured for 48 h prior to embryo transfer or cryopreservation. Embryo
quality was related to fertilization events and periodicity of the
cytoplasmic wave, and it was found that good quality embryos arose from
oocytes that had more uniform timing from injection to pronuclear abuttal
and tended to have a longer cytoplasmic wave. In conclusion, we have shown
that time-lapse video cinematography is an excellent tool for studying
fertilization and early embryo development, and have demonstrated that
human fertilization comprises numerous complex dynamic events.
相似文献
6.
van den Brink JL Moorman PW de Boer MF Pruyn JF Verwoerd CD van Bemmel JH 《International journal of medical informatics》2005,74(10):839-849
OBJECTIVE: To determine use, appreciation and effectiveness of an electronic health information support system in head and neck (H&N) cancer care. DESIGN: A prospective evaluation study. The evaluated system has four different functions: (1) communication amongst health care providers and between health care providers and patients, (2) information for health care providers and patients, (3) contact with fellow sufferers and (4) monitoring of discharged patients by means of electronic questionnaires. Evaluation of the system was done both objectively using automatically created log files and stored messages, and subjectively by using paper questionnaires from patients and general practitioners (GPs). SETTING: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of a tertiary health care centre in the Netherlands. The system was put at patients' disposal for a period of 6 weeks following discharge from the hospital after surgery for H&N cancer, and was additional to standard care. PARTICIPANTS: Head and neck cancer patients, hospital physicians, members of a hospital-based support team, GPs, district nurses and speech therapists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Actual use of the system by patients and health care providers. Patients' appreciation for each of the system's four different functions. GPs' appreciation for the system. Capability to detect potential patient problems with the system. RESULTS: The system was used by 36 H&N cancer patients, 10 hospital physicians, 2 members of the support team, 8 GPs, 2 district nurses and 2 speech therapists. The total number of patient-sessions was 982: an average of 27.3 sessions per patient during the 6 weeks study period. In total, 456 monitoring questionnaires were completed. The support team in hospital responded with 231 actions. In 16 cases, an extra appointment was made for a patient with the hospital physician. Out of these cases, immediate action was considered necessary eight times. Patients appreciated the system highly, rating it with an average score of 8.0 on a 10-point scale. All patients used the monitoring function, and rated 'monitoring' with a mean score of 8.0 on a 10-point scale. Least used and appreciated was the 'contact with fellow sufferers' function. Only 8 out of possible 36 GPs used the system, rating it with an average of 5.6 on a 10-point scale. CONCLUSIONS: The electronic health information support system was used intensively and highly appreciated by H&N cancer patients. The system enabled the early detection of occurring health problems that required direct intervention. ICT can play an additional role in the management of patients, also in a relatively elderly and computer illiterate patient population. 相似文献
7.
A simple auto-evaluation sheet is presented for the proper assessment of the patient's condition after surgery. Stress is
put not only on weight loss, but on other important factors as well. 相似文献
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