耳廓开放性外伤的治疗方法探析

目的 探讨耳廓开放性外伤的治疗方法。方法 23耳耳廓开放性外伤经彻底清创，肝素生理盐水冲洗伤口后，对位缝合。术后用抗生素抗感染、丹参扩张血管、罂粟碱改善微循环。结果 23耳中2耳失访，18耳完全成活，1耳部分成活，2耳完全坏死。结论 耳廓撕裂伤、断伤、带有皮蒂的耳廓离断伤，由于断端双侧血管丰富，经对位缝合后容易成活。但耳廓完全离断伤由于缺乏血供，经对位缝合后不易成活，可采用去皮血管植入包埋法，带肌蒂皮瓣移植法或尝试显微外科技术施行血管吻合，以提高耳廓完全离断伤的成活率。     

Effects of time of contact and concentration of caustic agent on generation of injuries

OBJECTIVES: Solid caustic soda (CS) ingestion levels continue high in Brazil. The aggressiveness of a caustic agent depends, among other factors, on its concentration and time of contact with mucosa. However, the interdependence of these factors in the production of caustic lesion in the esophageal mucosa is not known, especially regarding CS as the strongest corrosive agent. We analyze the effects of concentration and time of contact on the aggressiveness of CS to the esophagus of live animals. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: One milliliter of CS at concentrations between 1.83% and 73.33% was applied to rats. The solution was kept in contact with the mucosa for 10 to 120 minutes. Internal and external organ aspects were analyzed and the epithelium, submucosa, muscle layer, and adventitia were analyzed microscopically RESULTS: Epithelial necrosis was observed at all concentrations. Among the necrotic layers, the submucosa was observed starting at the 7.33% concentration, and the muscular layer and adventitia were observed at 14.66% concentration. Damage to the pulmonary parenchyma and trachea occurred at 33.66% after 10 minutes, and perforation of the esophagus was observed only after 120 minutes. After 10 minutes, important corrosive lesions installed in the esophageal layers, expanding in depth and superficial extension. The use of heparin had no effect on the production of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Ten minutes were sufficient to provoke necrosis, and longer contact increased the area of necrosis. Solution concentration levels were more important in damage production: 1.83% was sufficient for epithelial necrosis, 7.33% caused submucosal necrosis, and 14.66% muscle and adventitia necrosis; 33.66% solutions caused lung and trachea damage after 10 minutes and esophageal perforation after 120 minutes.     

急性化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎手术疗效分析

目的 探讨能够缩短化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎疗程,降低耳廓畸形发生率且具个体化的局部治疗方法.方法 回顾分析1 989年4月～2010年2月我科诊治的25例化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎的临床资料.除进行抗生素治疗外,局部治疗方法包括清创术后重新行耳甲腔成行术;脓腔穿刺置静脉留置针进行持续负压引流;清创后创腔置管引流.结果 自定义疗效评定...     

诊治7例鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的体会

目的：提高临床对鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的认识及治疗效果。方法：７例患者按Ｋａｄｉｓｈ分期，Ｂ期２例，Ｃ期５例，单纯放疗３例，术前放疗４例，放射剂量为５０００￣７０００ｃＧｙ。均随访至１９９７年１２月，结果：存活５例，存活时间分别为２０，２２，２３，２９及７６个月；结论：放疗对该肿瘤有效；放疗与化疗结合的方法值得探讨，该瘤病理上可能存在不同的亚型。     

Scales of degree of facial paralysis: analysis of agreement

IntroductionIt has become common to use scales to measure the degree of involvement of facial paralysis in phonoaudiological clinics.ObjectiveTo analyze the inter- and intra-rater agreement of the scales of degree of facial paralysis and to elicit point of view of the appraisers regarding their use.MethodsCross-sectional observational clinical study of the Chevalier and House & Brackmann scales performed by five speech therapists with clinical experience, who analyzed the facial expression of 30 adult subjects with impaired facial movements two times, with a one week interval between evaluations. The kappa analysis was employed.ResultsThere was excellent inter-rater agreement for both scales (kappa > 0.80), and on the Chevalier scale a substantial intra-rater agreement in the first assessment (kappa = 0.792) and an excellent agreement in the second assessment (kappa = 0.928). The House & Brackmann scale showed excellent agreement at both assessments (kappa = 0.850 and 0.857). As for the appraisers’ point of view, one appraiser thought prior training is necessary for the Chevalier scale and, four appraisers felt that training is important for the House & Brackmann scale.ConclusionBoth scales have good inter- and intra-rater agreement and most of the appraisers agree on the ease and relevance of the application of these scales.     

CT对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤起源的探讨

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤起源的CT影像学特点。 方法 回顾性分析47例经鼻内镜手术及术后病理组织学确诊的鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者的CT影像学资料。对肿瘤病变在CT上的骨质变化进行分析,并与术中发现的肿瘤起源根蒂部位进行对比,分析CT影像中骨质改变与肿瘤起源之间的关系。 结果 47例患者中,39例有骨质增生影像表现,其中37例骨质增生部位与肿瘤起源的根蒂部位一致,一致性达78.7%,提示可根据骨质增生部位推测肿瘤起源位置。 结论 CT影像中的骨质增生与鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的根蒂起源部位有较高的一致性,有助于术前评估肿瘤起源和指导术前制定合理的手术方案。     

术前使用布地奈德对声带息肉手术疗效的影响

目的 研究术前使用布地奈德雾化吸入治疗对手术疗效的影响。方法 按病程将3个月以内和1年以上患者随机分为两组,一组术前给予布地奈德雾化治疗,一组没有,术后两周复诊。分别于初诊、手术前和复诊时使用嗓音测试仪对病人进行测试并记录参数。结果 病程3个月以内患者术前给予雾化治疗后,其术后声学参数明显改善。结论 病程3个月以内患者术前给予雾化治疗能缩短术后恢复时间。     

中耳癌20例报告

目的：提高临床对中耳癌的认识，做到及时诊断与治疗。方法：20例均先行手术治疗，其中14例采用扩大的乳突根治术，3例行侧颞骨切除术，3例行颞骨次全切除术；有颈淋巴结转移的3例同时行根治性颈淋巴结廓清术。术后均辅以放疗。结果：随访5～13年，3、5年生存率分别为55．0％(11／20)，45．0％(9／20)。结论：中耳癌手术治疗应根据其侵及中耳乳突的范围，以及有助于放射治疗发挥作用而选择不同的术式。     

10例耳部原发性横纹肌肉瘤的临床病理分析

目的分析耳部原发性横纹肌肉瘤的临床病理特征及其免疫组织化学特点，为该肿瘤的诊断提供依据。方法对10例耳部原发性横纹肌肉瘤采用光学显微镜和免疫组织化学染色方法观察。所用抗体有：波形蛋白（Vimentin），结蛋白（Desmin），平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA），肌红蛋白（Myoglobin）。结果10例中男性8例，女性2例，平均年龄8．6岁，其中胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤9例，葡萄型横纹肌肉瘤1例；免疫组织化学：Vimentin及Myoglobin染色10例均呈阳性，Desmin染色7例阳性。SMA染色8例阳性。结论耳部原发性横纹肌肉瘤缺乏特异性临床表现。故诊断困难，对可疑病例及时做活检进行HE染色和免疫组织化学检查方可对该病作出诊断。     

Development of a script of phonemically balanced monosyllable lists of Mandarin-Chinese

Objectives To develop a set of monosyllable audiometry test material that can be used in speech recognition testing in Mandarin Chinese. Materials and Methods In an effort to improve reliability and efficiency in clinical practice, a set of 30 test lists of 25 monosyllable test items each was designed with consideration of the following: length of the list, phonemical balance (PB), word utility frequency, coverage of common words, and equivalency among lists. The 30 lists contained 750 monosyllabic words and were constructed on the basis of Chinese phoneme distribution probability summarized in the Manual of Acoustic. The occurrence incidence of the 22 consonants, 36 vowels, and 4 tones of the Chinese Mandarin characters in the 30 test lists were calculated. To achieve PB, 489 monosyllables were selected from the 2500 most commonly used Chinese characters and the 4000 most commonly used Chinese phrases to compile the 30 monosyllable test lists using a computer algorithm with manual adjustment. Results Thirty phonemical balanced word lists of common Mandarin Chinese monosyllabic words were compiled. Each list consisted of 25 monosyllables. A total of 489 phonemes (consonants, vowels and tones) were included in the set. Conclusions This set of lists can potentially be used as the basic lists for future development of Mandarin PB monosyllable speech test materials.     

Experimental Analysis of Behavior of Homing Pigeons as a Result of Functional Disorders of their Lagena

Behavioral experiments concerning the homing abilities of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of the navigation ability of pigeons: the treated birds were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release. The lagena of birds is a unique organ and it is concluded that it is a key element in the magnetic sensory system of birds.     

Ramsay Hunt综合征首诊误诊分析

目的探讨Ramsay Hunt综合征误诊的原因。方法对64例Ramsay Hunt确诊患者首诊进行回顾性分析。比较耳部疱疹和神经痛阳性率,筛选更敏感的诊断指标;统计误诊疾病种类和比例,提出鉴别诊断的重点;按首诊医师不同分为社区医师组和专科医师组;以首诊症状是否典型分为症状不典型组和症状典型组,并分层分析。结果耳部神经痛阳性率高于疱疹阳性率（P〈0.05）。误诊28例,误诊率为43.8%,最易误诊为炎症（67.9%）。社区医师误诊率高于相关专科医师（P〈0.05）。症状不典型时社区医师误诊率高于症状典型时（P〈0.05）;而专科医师误诊率无差别（P〉0.05）。结论减少误诊率,可将耳部神经痛作为诊断Ramsay Hunt综合征的主要指标;注意神经痛与炎症疼痛鉴别及同时出现的耳部和面部体征。     

豚鼠膜迷路蛋白抗原性分析

应用电泳吸附斑点免疫检测法和改良免疫转印法，发现粗制的豚鼠膜迷路蛋白是一种极为复杂的抗原，十二烷基磺酸钠。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳至少可将其分出２２种成分。６８ｋＤ含有４种不同等电点的成分。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ法分析可以检出ｌｌ条阳性反应带，包括６８ｋＤ、６０ｋＤ和３２ｋＤ，条带之间存在交叉抗原性，膜迷路蛋白和听神经、耳蜗核及肾脏的蛋白成分之间有交叉抗原性，主要位于９８ｋＤ、６８ｋＤ及２７．４ｋＤ，免疫组织化学研究发现抗膜迷路蛋白抗血清可以和内耳广泛的组织结构发生反应，主要部位是：血管纹的细胞膜和细胞间质及螺旋凸，Ｃｏｒｔｉ器的内外毛细胞及支持细胞的胞膜和胞浆，盖膜以及螺旋神经节的细胞膜。还初步发现抗膜迷路蛋白抗血清可以和克雷白杆菌膜蛋白发生交叉反应。     

A national audit of sinus surgery. Results of the Royal College of Surgeons of England comparative audit of ENT surgery

The results of a national audit of sinus surgery are presented. Forty-six consultant ENT surgeons reported on over 2500 sinus procedures. There has been an exponential rise in the number of surgeons in England and Wales performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in recent years. Sixty-five per cent of surgeons in our study used the FESS technique and 81% had formal or other training. Outpatient sinus endoscopy and CT scans have become more routine pre-operative investigations, whilst the use of plain films has waned. There was a wide variation in the numbers of FESS procedures performed by individual surgeons in the 6-month period (between 5 and 85). The overall complication rate was 0.75% for conventional surgery and 1.41% for functional surgery but no major complications were recorded. The primary symptom of blockage was most successfully treated by both conventional and functional surgery (70% and 84% asymptomatic or improved at 6 months). Pain was relieved in 75% of functional procedures and 47% of conventional procedures and discharge relieved in 76% of FESS procedures and 47% of conventional procedures.     

老年性耳聋分子机制的研究进展

从老年性耳聋与线粒体突变、氧化损伤的关系以及相关致病基因方面对老年性耳聋的分子机制进行综述,探明其发病的分子机制,以便通过基因治疗来防治老年性耳聋.     

慢性鼻窦炎对咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮超微结构的影响

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎对咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮超微结构的影响,进一步反映对中耳、咽鼓管功能的影响。方法取6例慢性鼻窦炎患者和4例健康人咽鼓管咽口的组织做透射电镜标本,对比观察两类组织黏膜上皮的超微结构。结果①健康人咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,可见亮颗粒分泌细胞,各类细胞可见表面活性物质样板层体。②慢性鼻窦炎咽鼓管咽口可出现部分假复层纤毛柱状上皮脱落,细胞的纤毛、微绒毛倒伏、脱落,胞质泡状系统融合、扩张、溶解,分泌颗粒、杯状细胞增多。细胞间隙增大,有瘢痕,有炎症细胞浸润。表面活性物质样板层体减少、消失。结论正常咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,慢性鼻窦炎可引起咽鼓管咽口上皮、上皮各类细胞的超微结构发生改变,表面活性物质样板层体减少、消失。     

磷霉素在减轻卡那霉素耳中毒过程中的作用

本文采用磷霉素笔卡那霉素联合应用，经扫描电镜、透射电镜、耳蜗铺片和组织化学反应观察，了解磷霉素减轻卡那霉素耳毒性的机制以及卡那霉素所致耳毒性的发展过程。通过实验可以看到磷霉素有保护溶酶体膜的作用，所以能减轻卡那霉素的耳毒性，但由于它不能直接对抗AmAn耳毒性作用机制，因而不能完全预防其耳毒性。     

气管切开术1063例中并发症的产生种类及原因分析

目的 探讨气管切开术后患者产生并发症的成因及防范措施.方法 回顾性分析1 063例行气管切开术的住院患者的病历资料,将其中有术后并发症的患者作为研究对象,总结原因.结果 1 063例气管切开并发症29例,发生率为2.73%,包括出血13例(1.22%),气管套管脱管 6例(0.56%),皮下气肿4例(0.38%),术中窒息2例(0.188%),纵膈气肿1例(0.094%),麻醉药物过敏1例(0.094%),气管食管裂伤1例(0.094%),死亡1例(0.094%),原因为术中产生气胸.结论 气管切开术患者并发症具有多样性,原因复杂.     

Management of incidental discovery of microscopic squamous cell carcinoma in zones of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

Objectives

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a common complication of head and neck radiotherapy and often requires surgical treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be exceptionally discovered within zones of ORN on histological examination of the operative specimen. The authors discuss the management of these lesions based on a short patient series.