广州市青少年性相关行为发生情况分析

目的 了解广州市青少年性相关行为现况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”,对分层整群随机抽取的广州市66所大中学校11939名学生进行问卷调查.结果 15.22％的中学生看过色情书籍和音像制品,农村(16.46％)高于城市(14.44％)；男生(25.07％)高于女生(6.23％)；职中生最高(25.41％),普通中学(13.93％)高于重点中学(10.71％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).在看过色情书籍、音像制品的学生中,曾发生性行为率高达22.35％.在高中、职中学生中,35.82％曾单独约会异性朋友,34.95％有亲密行为,7.26％曾经发生过性行为,2.10％学生有被迫性行为,73.97％从学校接受过有关艾滋病知识教育,63.44％知道艾滋病病原体是病毒,31.76％对艾滋病感染者持正确态度.8.87％大学生有过性行为,使用安全套的比例占68.52％.结论 广州市青少年性相关行为频发但预防教育不足,要加强对青少年性观念及行为的正确引导.     

Concurrent multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents in Luangnamtha province,Lao PDR

Background

Switzerland has a low mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases, but little is known regarding prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors (CV RFs: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes) in the general population. In this study, we assessed 10-year trends in self-reported prevalence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in Switzerland.

Methods

data from three national health interview surveys conducted between 1997 and 2007 in representative samples of the Swiss adult population (49,261 subjects overall). Self-reported CV RFs prevalence, treatment and control levels were computed. The sample was weighted to match the sex - and age distribution, geographical location and nationality of the entire adult population of Switzerland.

Results

self-reported prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes increased from 22.1%, 11.9% and 3.3% in 1997 to 24.1%, 17.4% and 4.8% in 2007, respectively. Prevalence of self-reported treatment among subjects with CV RFs also increased from 52.1%, 18.5% and 50.0% in 1997 to 60.4%, 38.8% and 53.3% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively. Self-reported control levels increased from 56.4%, 52.9% and 50.0% in 1997 to 80.6%, 75.1% and 53.3% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively. Finally, screening during the last 12 months increased from 84.5%, 86.5% and 87.4% in 1997 to 94.0%, 94.6% and 94.1% in 2007 for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, respectively.

Conclusion

in Switzerland, the prevalences of self-reported hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes have increased between 1997 and 2007. Management and screening have improved, but further improvements can still be achieved as over one third of subjects with reported CV RFs are not treated.     

Concurrent multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents in Luangnamtha province, Lao PDR

Background  

Multiple health risk behaviors (HRBs) among adolescents pose a threat to their health, including HIV/AIDS. Health risk behaviors such as alcohol use, smoking, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors among youth have been shown to co-occur with each others. The objectives of this study was to estimate the prevalence of single and concurrent health risk behaviors and to explore how health risk behavior is associated with socio-demographic factors and peers' behaviors.     

Sex education and sexual experience among adolescents.

This paper examines the association between sex education and adolescent sexual behavior. Data from the 1981 National Survey of Children show that 15- and 16-year-olds who have been exposed to sex education are less likely to be sexually experienced, and are neither more nor less likely to discuss sex with parents at home. Retrospective or longitudinal data are needed to more directly test the casual link between sex education and experience.     

青少年饮食行为流行现状及干预策略进展

青少年时期的饮食行为是影响个体营养状况的重要因素,但目前青少年中各种不良饮食行为普遍存在。本文通过中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed等中英文数据库检索收集相关文献,阐述近年来青少年饮食行为的流行情况,包括蔬菜水果摄入、奶类制品摄入、早餐行为、零食行为等,从个体、人际、社会层面探讨青少年饮食行为的影响因素,并总结了基于场所、行为理论和新媒体技术而开展的青少年不良饮食行为及营养干预研究现况,为探索有效的干预策略,促进青少年健康饮食行为及营养健康提供参考。     

Factors mediating changes in sexual HIV risk behaviors among gay and bisexual male adolescents.

OBJECTIVES. Factors mediating changes in sexual behaviors that increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were monitored in a group of gay and bisexual male adolescents. METHODS. One hundred thirty-six males aged 14 to 19 years (Hispanic, 51%; African-American, 31%) were recruited from one gay-identified agency, were assessed at four points over a 1-year period, and participated in HIV preventive intervention sessions. RESULTS. Significant reductions occurred in the number of unprotected same-sex anal and oral acts. Those with less risk in their previous sexual history, those who did not engage in commercial sex, and those who attended more HIV intervention sessions were more likely to reduce their sexual risk. The impact of sessions varied significantly by race/ethnicity: African-American youths reduced their risk acts most dramatically. Abstinence was consistently and significantly more likely among younger youths and those who had been abstinent before enrollment. The youths significantly reduced the number of sexual partners following the intervention; this reduction in partners was maintained through the 12-month follow-up and was greatest among youths with no involvement in commercial sexual activity (prostitution). CONCLUSIONS. The efficacy of HIV prevention programs must be empirically evaluated.     

Reducing sexual risk taking behaviors among adolescents who engage in transactional sex in post-conflict Liberia

Transactional sex (TS) has been correlated with HIV/STD infection, pregnancy, early marriage, and sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few Western-based HIV prevention programs adapted for SSA have examined intervention impacts for this group. This article examines whether an HIV prevention intervention, delivered to sixth-grade students in Liberia (age range 14–17) and found to increase condom use and other mediators for the larger sample, significantly impacted sexual behaviors and mediators for those who engaged in TS. Using an attention-matched, group-randomized controlled design, four matched pairs of elementary schools in Monrovia, Liberia, were randomly assigned to an adapted eight-module HIV prevention or a general health curriculum. Nine-month impacts of the intervention on sexual risk behaviors and mediators for those who engaged in TS, when compared with other study participants, are presented. Twelve percent of our sample of sixth graders (n?=?714) ever engaged in TS. The majority of females reported being promised something in exchange for sex (52%), whereas the majority of males (52%) reported being both the giver and recipient of gifts in exchange for sex. Compared with other students, those who engaged in TS reported greater increases in the number of sex partners, reported greater frequency of sexual intercourse, were more likely to try to get pregnant or someone else pregnant, and reported greater reductions in protective sexual attitudes and HIV risk perception at the nine month follow-up, in both the intervention and the control groups. Our intervention, although successful for the general in-school adolescent sample, did not impact risk behaviors or mediators for adolescents who engaged in TS. Future research should explore the complex sexual economy in which TS is embedded and consider adapting HIV prevention interventions to the needs of this high-risk group.     

Risky sexual behaviors among adolescents with alcohol use disorders.

Little is known about risky sexual activity among adolescents with alcohol use disorders. This study of 371 adolescent drinkers found that those with alcohol disorders were more likely than other drinkers to be sexually active, to have greater numbers of partners, and to initiate sexual activity at slightly younger ages. Independent of alcohol group, females were more likely than males to have unprotected sexual encounters.     

Longitudinal patterns and predictors of multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents: The TRAILS study

BackgroundMost studies on multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents have cross-sectionally studied a limited number of health behaviors or determinants.PurposeTo examine the prevalence, longitudinal patterns and predictors of individual and multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents.MethodsEight health risk behaviors (no regular consumption of fruit, vegetables or breakfast, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol use and cannabis use) were assessed in a prospective population study (second and third wave). Participants were assessed in three waves between ages 10 and 17 (2001–2008; n = 2230). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of gender, self-control, parental health risk behaviors, parental monitoring and socioeconomic factors on the number of health risk behaviors adjusted for preceding multiple health risk behaviors (analysis: 2013–2014).ResultsRates of > 5 health risk behaviors were high: 3.6% at age 13.5 and 10.2% at age 16. Smoking at age 13.5 was frequently associated with health risk behaviors at age 16. No regular consumption of fruit, vegetables and breakfast, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity and smoking predicted the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors at follow-up. Significant predictors of the development of multiple health risk behaviors were adolescents' levels of self-control, socioeconomic status and maternal smoking.ConclusionsMultiple health risk behaviors are common among adolescents. Individual and social factors predict changes in multiple health risk behaviors, showing that prevention targeting multiple risk behaviors is needed. Special attention should be paid to adolescents with low self-control and families with low socioeconomic status or a mother who smokes.     

南阳市10～24岁青少年健康危险行为现况调查分析

目的 了解南阳市10～24岁青少年健康危险行为的现状和流行趋势。方法 2004年11月～12月，采取多阶段抽样方法，从南阳市城区31所初中、高中、中专、综合性大学中抽取16所学校各年级学生4208名，进行集体问卷调查。结果1个月内喝汽水≥1次／d、7d内喝牛奶≤1杯／d、不吃早餐1次以上、偏食的学生分别占9．3％、19．7%、30．9％、39.6％；25．7％的学生过去1年打架1次以上，58．1％的学生常感到孤独，1年内有自杀意念、计划和试图自杀的学生分别占24．9％、6．8％和1．9％，34．7％和6．2％的学生1年内有离家出走意念和尝试出走；有吸烟和饮酒史的学生分别占44．6％和78．3％，初次烟龄和酒龄小于10岁的学生分别占11．1%和16．5％，二项中高中和初中生分别为最高，即12．6％和19．2％，有吸毒史的学生占0．4％：过去1个月内步行和骑车违反交通规则的学生分别占70．1％和58．7％，过去1年内到非安全场所游泳的占14．8％；过去7d内玩游戏和上网≥4h／d的学生分别占5．0％和4．7％，有赌博史的占17．5％，过去1年内观看色情书籍和制品的学生占21．0％，高中以上学生有性行为史的占6.1%，有3．0％的大学生怀孕或使他人怀孕。结论 南阳市10～24岁青少年中健康危险行为问题突出，应引起高度重视，采取必要的措施干预。     

云浮市大中学生健康危险行为调查

了解云浮市青少年健康危险行为流行特征,为制定青少年健康危险行为综合性干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取云浮市2 666名大中学生进行健康危险行为问卷调查.结果 初中生骑自行车违规、动手打架、自我伤害的发生率分别为45.79%,16.85%,10.65%,均高于初中以上学生.高职学生不能每天吃早餐、运动时间不足、非安全游泳、现在吸烟、现在喝酒、游戏成瘾、赌博行为的发生率分别为47.87%,57.38%,12.79%,15.41%,42.79%,23.11%,25.57%,均高于其他学段学生.10.39%的学生无任何健康危险行为,具有4种及以上危险行为的高职学生比例(35.74%)高于其他学段的学生.与具有1种健康危险行为的人群相比,同时具有4种及以上危险行为的男生动手打架发生风险最高(OR=65.01),女生网络成瘾发生风险最高(OR=77.54).结论 云浮市青少年健康危险行为多发现象表现突出,应开展针对性的健康促进活动,加强健康指导.     

柳州市大中学生健康危险行为变化分析

目的了解柳州市区大中学生健康危险行为变化情况,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,分别于2005年和2009年抽取柳州市区4 007名和3 720名大中学生进行问卷调查。结果 2009年比2005年发生率上升的健康危险行为包括骑车违规由31.45%上升至46.31%、在非安全区游泳由21.75%上升至30.83%、因焦虑而失眠由9.56%上升至13.31%、重度饮酒由11.88%上升至13.19%等(χ2值分别为143.65,37.99,26.54,17.84,P值均<0.01)。学生2009年现在吸烟率为13.57%,与2005年13.83%相比,差异无统计学意义。男、女生变化趋势基本一致。结论学生多数健康危险行为发生率上升,少数行为发生率下降或无变化。需进一步制定全面防治规划和相应的策略措施。     

Reductions in HIV risk-associated sexual behaviors among black male adolescents: effects of an AIDS prevention intervention.

BACKGROUND. The number of reported cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasing disproportionately among Blacks in the United States. The relatively high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among Black adolescents suggest the need for AIDS prevention programs to reduce their risk of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS. Black male adolescents (n = 157) were randomly assigned to receive an AIDS risk reduction intervention aimed at increasing AIDS-related knowledge and weakening problematic attitudes toward risky sexual behavior, or to receive a control intervention on career opportunities. RESULTS. The adolescents who received the AIDS intervention subsequently had greater AIDS knowledge, less favorable attitudes toward risky sexual behavior, and lower intentions to engage in such behavior than did those in the control condition. Follow-up data collected 3 months later revealed that the adolescents who had received the AIDS intervention reported fewer occasions of coitus, fewer coital partners, greater use of condoms, and a lower incidence of heterosexual anal intercourse than did the other adolescents. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that interventions that increase knowledge about AIDS and change attitudes toward risky sexual behavior may have salutary effects on Black adolescents' risk of HIV infection.     

Timing of alcohol and other drug use and sexual risk behaviors among unmarried adolescents and young adults

CONTEXT: Although alcohol and drug use by young people has been associated with sexual risk behavior in some research, detailed data are lacking on the timing of substance use in relationship to sexual risk-taking. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional data on 7,441 unmarried young people aged 14-22 from the 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (household supplement) were used in the analysis. Alcohol and other drug use at last sexual intercourse, substance use in the past 30 days (recent use), the number of different substances ever used (lifetime use) and age at initiation of alcohol use are examined here. The outcome variables assessed through multivariate regression analyses were condom use at last intercourse and more than one sexual partner in the past three months. RESULTS: Failure to use a condom was strongly associated with the lifetime substance-use scale or, alternatively, with age at initiation of alcohol. Once the number of substances ever used was controlled for, neither substance use at last sexual intercourse nor recent use was associated with the likelihood of using a condom at last coitus. Among young men and women, recent substance use and use of either alcohol or drugs at last intercourse were both strongly associated with having had more than one sexual partner in the past three months. For females only, lifetime use also increased the probability of recent multiple partners. CONCLUSIONS: The relationships between alcohol and other drug use and two sexual behaviors--condom use and multiple partners-suggest distinct mechanisms of influence and the need for different prevention strategies.     

Risky sexual behaviors among Malay adolescents: a comparison with Chinese adolescents in Singapore

Objective: Malays, with majority of the individuals being Muslim, form the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia. This region is experiencing a rising incidence of HIV infections. Due to circumcision and prohibition of sex outside marriage, being Muslim was argued to be a protective factor against sexually transmitted infections (STI) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). However, Malay adolescents were found to be more likely to contract chlamydia and gonorrhea than non-Malay adolescents in Singapore.

Design: Using a cross-sectional survey, we examined and compared safer sex knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy, and sexual behaviors of 248 sexually active Malay adolescents with 384 Chinese adolescents aged 16–19 years in Singapore. Poisson regression, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, was used for modeling each dependent variable. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained.

Results: On multivariate analysis, Malay adolescents were more likely to report marginally unfavorable attitude towards condom use (aPR 1.21 CI 1.00–1.48) and significantly lower confidence in using condoms correctly (aPR 1.24 CI 1.05–1.47) than Chinese adolescents. They were also more likely to report significantly younger first sex age (aPR 0.98 CI 0.96–1.00), never use of condoms for vaginal sex (aPR 1.32 CI 1.16–1.49) and anal sex (aPR 1.75 CI 1.11–2.76) and non-use of contraceptives at last sex (aPR 1.30 CI 1.17–1.45) than Chinese respondents. Malay males were less likely to buy sex (aPR 0.56 CI 0.37–0.85), but they reported higher likelihood of inconsistent condom use with female sex workers (aPR 2.24 CI 1.30–3.87).

Conclusion: Malay ethnicity was associated with unfavorable condom use attitude and lower self-efficacy in using condoms, which was consistent with risky sexual behaviors such as non-use of condoms. Future research should use mixed methods to explore and identify cultural influences to these behaviors.     

常州市2013年青少年健康危险行为监测结果

了解常州市青少年健康危险行为流行特征,为卫生与教育部门制定相关干预措施提供依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷”,对多阶段分层整群抽取的17所常州市大、中学校3 645名学生进行问卷调查.结果 男生喝碳酸饮料、锻炼、玩电子游戏、吸烟、饮酒比例高于女生,女生认为体重过重、不健康减肥行为比例高于男生(P值均<0.05).高中生偏食率高(44.3%).职中、大学生玩电子游戏、现在吸烟、现在饮酒报告率较高,职中男生分别为24.7%,35.7%,45.1%,职中女生分别为14.9%,16.4%,33.7%;大学男生分别为10.5%,27.9%,61.3%,大学女生分别为6.9%,0.6%,26.2%,性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 常州市青少年各类健康危险行为存在性别和年龄差异.在制定预防青少年危险行为措施时,要充分考虑年龄、性别和心理特点,重点干预高危人群.