磁共振胰胆管成像和直接胰胆管造影对胆胰疾病诊断价值自身对比的前瞻性研究

目的 比较直接胰胆管造影（ERCP和PTC）和磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对胆胰疾病的诊断价值。方法 临床怀疑胆胰系疾病63例。每例先行MRCP,在此后24h内行ERCP。影像科和内镜医师分别报告自己所见结果,待研究结束后,以ERCP或PTC为参照标准统一对比分析。结果 63例行ERCP中,成功率为88.9%（56/63例）,7例ERCP失败者改行PTC检查成功;所有MRCP均获成功,成功率为100.0%;MRCP的灵敏度为98.2%、特异度83.3%、误诊率为16.7%、漏诊率为1.8%。MRCP和ERCP（或PTC）总符合率85.7%,其中在胆系结石及胆管肿瘤分别为100.0%和92.9%,乳头病病变为70.6%（12/17例）,在慢性胰腺炎和肝吸虫的诊断符合率分别为3/3和66.7%。63例ERCP者,术后并发胰腺炎5例、肾周脓肿1例（为B-Ⅱ术后）,并发症发生率为9.5%（6/63例）;而MRCP无并发症发生。结论 对胆管内疾病,MRCP可达到ERCP的单纯诊断水平,而对乳头部病变（尤其是小病变）和肝吸虫,MRCP却无法与ERCP相比拟。对不能耐受ERCP及禁忌症者,MRCP是较好的选择。MRCP的最大不便在于不能同时进行治疗。     

胆囊：003 肝外胆管癌与良性狭窄的区别：MRCP与ERCP比较[英]／Park MS…／／Radilogy．

浸润性胆管癌是肝外胆管癌最常见类型．特点为局限性胆管狭窄、无明显肿块．可拟似良性病变。尚未见磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)与逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)区分肝外胆管癌与良性狭窄的研究报道，此文评价MRCP诊断肝外胆管癌的标准，并与ERCP进行比较。     

磁共振胆囊结石胆管成像 和胆囊结石胆管造影对胆胆囊结石疾病诊断价值自身对比的前瞻性研究

直接胰胆管造影包括经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)和经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(percutaneoustranshepatic cholangiography,PTC),在临床已应用多年。磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogrgphy,MRCP)是近年来开展的胆胰疾病诊断新技术。我们自1997年6月-2000年12月开展MRCP和ERCP(或PTC)对胆胰疾病诊断价值自身对比的前瞻性研究,现报告如下。     

超声内镜诊断胆管恶性狭窄13例

目的:比较超声内镜(EUS)、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在诊断胆管恶性狭窄中的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析2008-01/2010-05天津市南开医院76例胆管恶性狭窄患者的EUS、ERCP、MRCP检查结果,比较敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率.结果:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs78.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs57.1%)、阳性预测值(89.1%vs64.5%)、阴性预测值(73.3%vs41.3%)、准确率(91.6%vs71.6%)均明显高于MRCP.EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs80.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs68.4%)、准确性(91.6%vs71.6%)明显优于ERCP.结论:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄,具有敏感性、特异性及准确性高的优势.     

磁共振胰胆管造影术与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值评价

目的:比较磁共振胰胆管造影术(MRCP)与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对阻塞性黄疸的诊断价值.方法:55例阻塞性黄疸患者分别行MRCP和ERCP,其中1例行ERCP失败者改行经皮肝胆管造影术(PTC).MRCP采用重T2加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,ERCP和PTC按常规方法进行.结果:MRCP与ERCP(或PTC)总的诊断准确率分别为90.9%(50/55)和98.2%(54/55),对恶性狭窄的诊断准确率为73.7%(14/19)和94.7%(18/19),对胆总管结石的诊断准确率均为100%(30/30).结论:MRCP为无创性检查,漏诊率较低但误诊率较高,在明确阻塞性黄疸病因时虽可作为首选方法,但不能取代ERCP(或PTC),两者结合使用可以弥补对方的不足,提高对阻塞性黄疸病因诊断的准确率.     

影像学检查在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的意义

目的　分析评价多种影像学检查在慢性胰腺炎诊断中的作用 ,有助于慢性胰腺炎的诊断。方法　回顾性总结北京协和医院 1991～ 2 0 0 0年间确诊的慢性胰腺炎患者 12 9例 ,分析体外超声 (US)、计算机X线断层摄影 (CT)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)、超声内镜 (EUS)及磁共振胰胆管显影 (MR CP)在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的作用。结果　①EUS和MRCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性高 ,与ERCP的一致性较好。②ERCP的敏感性显著高于US与CT(P <0 .0 5 )。③US对胰管扩张检出的敏感性与特异性为 5 9.4 %与 93.8% ,CT分别为 6 0 .0 %与 95 .7%。④胰管病变重度组ERCP与BT PABA的一致率(87.5 % )较轻 中度组 (6 6 .7% )高。⑤慢性胰腺炎并发症越多 ,胰管病变程度越重。结论　在传统检查中 ,ERCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性最高 ;新近开展的EUS和MRCP敏感性高 ,且与ERCP有较好的一致性 ,是很有前途的检查方法     

胰腺癌的内镜逆行胰胆管造影诊断

应用内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)诊断胆胰管疾病已有30多年的历史，造影成功率可达85％～95％．已成为诊断胆胰管结石、胆管良恶性狭窄和畸形、胆囊和胆囊管病变等胆胰管疾病和鉴别诊断疑难性腹痛的重要手段之一。ERCP对梗阻性黄疸、十二指肠乳头肿瘤和胰管异常的鉴别诊断尤为有利,检查中收集的胆汁和胰液还可作细菌培养和细胞学检查。磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)为无创伤性检查，诊断较为准确，有可能取代诊断性ERCP，但并不能取代ERCP在治疗方面的作用。     

磁共振胰胆管成像和直接胰胆管造影对胆胰疾病诊断价值自身对比的前瞻性研究

目的：比较直接胰胆管造影（ERCP和PTC）和磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对胆胰疾病的诊断价住材料。方法：临床怀疑胆胰系统疾病63例。每例先行MRCP，使用Siemens1.5TVision Plus磁共振扫仪进行检查，检查前4小时禁食、水，检查时采用自控阵表面线圈和屏气技术于呼气未以HASTE序列：T2加权像行多层扫描采集数据，原始数据作三维重建。在此后24小时内行ERCP。影像科医师和内镜医师分别报告自己所见结果，待研究结束后进行统一对比分析，分析时以ERCP或PTC结果为参照标准，结果63例行ERCP中，成功率88.9％（56/63），7例ERCP失败（11.1％）改行PTC检查成功；所有MRCP均获得成功，成功率100％；MRCP的灵敏度98.2％、特异度83.3％、误诊率16.7％、漏诊率1.8％。MRCP和ERCP（或PTC）总符合率85.71％，其中在胆系结石及胆管肿瘤分别为100％和92.86％，乳头部病变为70.59％（12/17），在慢性胰腺炎和肝吸虫的诊断符合率分别为3/3和66.67％。（例ERCP，术后并发胰腺炎5例、肾周脓肿1例（为B-Ⅱ术后），并发症发生率9.52％（6/63）；MRCP无并发症。结论：对胆管内疾病，MRCP可达到ERCP的单纯诊断水平，而对乳头部的病变（尤其是小病变）和肝吸虫，MRCP却无法与ERCP相比拟。对不能耐受ERCP及有ERCP禁忌症，MRCP是较好的选择。MRCP的最大不便，在于不能同时进行治疗。     

磁共振胰胆管造影与经内镜胰胆管造影在老年胆道梗阻病变中的诊断价值

<正>正确判断胆道梗阻原因对于制订治疗方案,评估预后具有重要意义〔1〕。磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)是一种无创性胰胆管成像技术,利用MR重T2加权效果显示含液体的胰管和胆管,提供完整的胰胆管影像,对于诊断胆道系统疾病具有重要价值〔2,3〕。经内镜胰胆管造影(ERCP)是检查胆道梗阻性疾病的金标准,但是作为一种有创性检查,容易导致多种并发症。本研究对比MRCP与ERCP对胆道梗阻病变的诊断价值。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影与超声、多排螺旋CT、磁共振胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值的比较

目的比较内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)与超声、多排螺旋CT(MSCT)及磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)对梗阻性黄疸的部位及病因诊断的准确率。方法 128例患者行超声、MSCT及ERCP检查,其中35例患者行MRCP检查。结果在梗阻部位的诊断上,四种方法对肝内胆管和胰头部的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义;ERCP对肝外胆管梗阻的诊断准确率与MRCP差异无统计学意义,但显著高于超声和MSCT;在病因诊断上,对于胆系结石、胆管炎和胰头癌的诊断准确率,四种方法差异无统计学意义;MRCP、ERCP和MSCT对于胆管癌诊断准确率均优于超声;此外,ERCP在诊断乳头部肿瘤、十二指肠乳头旁憩室时优于超声和MSCT。结论 ERCP对梗阻性黄疸的部位(尤其是肝外胆管和十二指肠乳头部)及病因(胆管癌、十二指肠乳头部肿瘤)的诊断具有重要价值。     

Prospective study of diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in cholangiopancreatic diseases

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato­graphy (ERCP) in the detection of cholangiopan­creatic diseases via a prospective study. METHODS: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed in 63 patients with suspected cholangiopancreatic diseases and followed by ERCP within 24 h. The MRCP and ERCP images were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients studied, 56 (88.9%) were correctly diagnosed by using ERCP and seven (11.1%) by using percutaneous transhepatic cholangio­graphy (PTC); however, all these patients were successfully diagnosed by using MRCP. Cholangio­pancreatic diseases were diagnosed by MRCP with a sensitivity of 98.2%, a specificity of 83.3%, a misdiagnostic rate of 16.7% and a missed diagnostic rate of 1.8%. The total concordance rate of MRCP, ERCP and PTC was 85.7%. For specific conditions, the concordance rates were as follows: biliary calculi 100%; tumors of the bile duct 92.9%; papillary lesions 70.6%; hepatic distomiasis 66.7%; chronic pancreatitis 100%. The complications associated with ERCP were five cases of acute pancreatitis and one case of perinephric abscess. The patient with perinephric abscess had previously had a B‐II operation. The complication rate associated with ERCP was 9.5% (6/63), but no complications were associated with MRCP. CONCLUSION: We conclude that MRCP is as effective as ERCP for the diagnosis of bile duct lesions, such as biliary calculi and tumors, but not for papillary lesions and liver fluke infections. Although MRCP can be used in patients who can’t tolerate ERCP or when there are contraindications to using ERCP, it should not be used for therapeutic purposes.     

Evaluating the role of imaging methods in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of imaging methods in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in improving the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of CP. METHODS: The results of the imaging methods used for 129 cases diagnosed as CP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1991 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. The imaging methods included ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). RESULTS: The sensitivity of EUS and MRCP was high and was in good agreement with ERCP in the diagnosis of CP. The sensitivity of ERCP was superior to US and CT (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of US and CT for diagnosing dilation of the pancreatic duct was 59.4% and 60%, respectively, the specificity was 93.8% and 95.7%, respectively. BT‐PABA had a better correlation with ERCP in the group with severe changes of the pancreatic duct than in the mild or moderate group. The more complications of CP that were present, the more severe the lesions of the pancreatic duct. CONCLUSION: Among the traditional imaging modalities for diagnosing CP, ERCP is the most sensitive. MRCP and EUS, the promising and novel examination techniques, have high sensitivity and good agreement with ERCP.     

Multidetector computed tomography cholangiography with multiplanar reformation for the assessment of patients with biliary obstruction

BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic use of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cholangiography with multiplanar reformation (MPR) for the assessment of patients with biliary obstruction. METHODS: MDCT cholangiography with the MPR technique was performed in 58 patients who were thought to have biliary obstruction. No cholangiographic contrast agent was administered. MRCP in 24 patients, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 46 patients and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in 24 patients were performed. Eighteen patients underwent biopsy or surgery. The findings on MDCT cholangiography were compared with those of MRCP, ERCP, PTC, biopsy or surgery. RESULTS: The findings of MDCT cholangiography were as follows: choledocholithiasis (n = 34, 56.7%), malignant stricture (n = 14, 23.3%), benign stricture (n = 1, 1.7%), and cholelithiasis (n = 11, 18.3%). A small common bile duct (CBD) stone in one patient could not be detected on MDCT cholangiography. One patient with a small stone in distal CBD detected on MDCT cholangiography had no stone on ERCP. Two patients with initial diagnoses of CBD stones by MDCT cholangiography were disclosed to have malignant bile duct stricture by reference examination. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT cholangiography for the diagnosis of bile duct stones were 96.9% and 96.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT cholangiography for the diagnosis of bile duct stricture were 85.7% and 100%, respectively. The overall accuracy of MDCT cholangiography for the diagnoses of the causes of biliary obstruction was 89.8%. CONCLUSION: MDCT cholangiography with the MPR technique is a fast and non-invasive technique with relatively high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnoses of the causes of biliary obstruction.     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in bile duct strictures: a prospective comparison of imaging diagnostics with histopathological correlation

OBJECTIVES: A variety of imaging techniques are available to diagnose bile duct strictures; the most effective imaging technique, however, has not been established yet. In the present study, we compared the impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with regard to diagnosing bile duct strictures. METHODS: We prospectively examined 33 patients with jaundice due to bile duct strictures by ERCP plus IDUS and MRCP. The objectives were to assess diagnostic quality of imaging, complete presentation of the bile duct, and differentiation of malignant from benign lesions. Surgical and histopathological correlations, which were used as the gold standard, were available in all cases since all included patients underwent laparotomy. RESULTS: Diagnostic image quality for ERCP was 88% and 76% for MRCP (p > 0.05). Comparing ERCP and MRCP, complete presentation of the biliary tract was achieved in 94% and 82%, respectively (p > 0.05). ERCP and MRCP allowed correct differentiation of malignant from benign lesions in 76% and 58% (p= 0.057), respectively. By supplementing ERCP with IDUS, the accuracy of correct differentiation of malignant from benign lesions increased significantly to 88% (p= 0.0047). CONCLUSIONS: Comparing ERCP with MRCP, we found adequate presentation of bile duct strictures in high imaging quality for both techniques. ERCP supplemented by IDUS gives more reliable and precise information about differentiation of malignant and benign lesions than MRCP alone without additional imaging sequences.     

磁共振胰胆管造影、超声内镜与逆行胰胆管造影诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值

目的：比较磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、超声内镜（EUS）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值。方法：39例阻塞性黄疸患者分别行MRCP、EUS和ERCP。MRCP采用重T2加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,EUS和ERCP按常规进行。结果：MRCP、EUS与ERCP诊断准确率分别为87．2％（34／39例）、94．9％（37／39例）和97．4％（38／39例）;对恶性狭窄的诊断准确率分别为61．5％（8／13例）、84．6％（11／13例）和92．3％（12／13例）;对胆总管结石的诊断准确率均为100．0％（21／21例）。结论：MRCP为无创性检查,在明确阻塞性黄疸病因时可作为首选方法,目前尚不能取代ERCP。EUS作为诊断胆、胰系统疾病的重要方法,与MRCP和ERCP结合,能提高阻塞性黄疸诊断 的准确率。     

核磁共振胰胆管造影与内镜下逆行胰胆管造影在胰胆疾病诊断方面的对比研究

目的：探索核磁共振胰胆管造影（ＭＲＣＰ）检查在临床应用中的价值。方法：对１１０例胰胆管疾病患者选择性地行ＭＲＣＰ检查,并与内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）检查作比较,结合内镜下治疗以及外科手术,以明确两者之间的相关性。ＥＲＣＰ和手术结果作为金标准。结果：１１０例患者ＭＲＣＰ图像质量均较高,对胆管扩张诊断的敏感性为８５．０６％（７８／８７）,对胆管下段狭窄伴扩张诊断的敏感性为９０％（１８／２０）。Ｍ     

ERCP联合PTCD治疗肝门部胆管恶性梗阻1例

1例48岁男性患者,因胃癌浸润肝门胆管导致梗阻性黄疸。ERCP治疗失败后行PTCD术,随后行ERCP联合PTCD在左右肝管放置双塑料支架成功。     

低位梗阻性黄疸的影像与内镜诊断价值探讨

目的探讨影像与内镜检查在低位梗阻性黄疸中的诊断价值及科学组合与合理应用。方法回顾分析57例低位梗阻性黄疸患者的病因及体表超声（US）、cT、MRI＋MRCP、ERCP和EUS等诊断结果,总结各检查方法在低位梗阻性黄疸诊断中的适应证和诊断价值。结果57例低位梗阻性黄疸患者中,良性梗阻42例,其中胆总管结石38例,胆总管蛔虫1例,胆道术后良性狭窄2例,胰头部慢性胰腺炎1例;恶性梗阻15例,其中胰头癌11例,壶腹癌4例。US、CT、MRI＋MRCP、ERCP、EUS对低位梗阻性黄疸的定位诊断准确率分别为71．93％（41／57）、88．00％（22／25）、94．59％（35／37）、100．00％（47／47）、96．77％（30／31）;定性诊断准确率分别为63．16％（36／57）、80．00％（20／25）、83．78％（31／37）、100．00％（47／47）、96．77％（30／31）。结论良性病变是低位梗阻性黄疸的主要原因,但恶性病变并不少见,影像或内镜检查对于明确诊断至关重要,策略性、程序性选择应用各种检查方法,尤为必要。     

1例中毒性巨结肠、格林-巴利综合征、小肠溃疡的诊治体会

1例52岁男性患者,因中毒性巨结肠拟行全结肠切除,手术前发生格林-巴利综合征,导致呼吸衰竭,戴呼吸机状态下切除全结肠。术后4个月再次出现小肠溃疡,给予环磷酰胺和激素治疗后小肠溃疡好转。     

Diagnostic value of MRCP and indications for ERCP

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and examine the indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODOLOGY: MRCP was performed in 185 patients with hepatobiliary disease in whom abdominal ultrasonography (US) had not been of diagnostic value. These patients were selected for MRCP in view of their abdominal symptoms, high levels of hepatobiliary enzymes, and pancreatic/bile duct dilatation found by abdominal US. Based on MRCP findings, 75 patients were selected for ERCP. RESULTS: ERCP provided new findings in 14 (18.%) patients. In 110 patients subjected to only MRCP and follow-up as well as in 75 patients with MRCP followed by ERCP, MRCP-based diagnosis corresponded with the final diagnosis. In our study, patients who would have conventionally required ERCP, such as those with natural passed choledocholithiasis and postoperative bile duct dilatation, could be followed up without ERCP. These results the importance of considering indications for ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP can be an alternative to ERCP at least for diagnosis.