521例冠状动脉旁路移植术分析

摘要］ 目的 总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的围术期经验。 方法 396例冠心病患者中男269例,女127例;年龄28～82岁,平均64.3岁;3支血管病变324例,2支病变56例,单支病变16例;左主干病变64例;平均搭桥2.7支（1～4支）。手术时间(151±27)min。结果 死亡9例,其余顺利出院。随访生活质量明显提高。结论 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全有效,提高疗效的关键是围术期处理水平。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术396例

目的 总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的疗效及围术期经验.方法 对396例冠心病患者采用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗;搭桥1～4支,平均搭桥(2.7±0.9)支.手术时间(151±27)min.结果 死亡9例,其余顺利出院.随访生活质量明显提高.结论 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全有效,疗效的关键是提高围术期处理水平.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术209例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法:对209例冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术,选择性冠状动脉造影检查显示:1支病变9例,2支病变17例,3支以上病变183例。行体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术86例,非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术123例。结果:本组共移植血管668支,每例患者移植血管1～8支,平均3.20支。应用主动脉球囊反搏9例;术后呼吸机辅助时间3～98h,平均7.6h。手术死亡6例,病死率为2.91。死于低心排血量综合征3例,多脏器功能衰竭2例,呼吸衰竭1例。203例患者出院时症状明显改善及消失。随访115例(56.56)。随访时间2个月至5.1年,心绞痛消失109例,复发6例。结论:综合患者的病情特点及医疗条件,人文地决定相应的手术方式;结合病人的年龄恰当选择旁路移植血管;均可优化冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果。对改善和提高冠心病患者生活质量有着重要的作用。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术256例临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术在冠心病外科的治疗效果和临床经验。方法总结我院1999年6月～2006年12月共完成非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术256例,男182例,女74例,年龄37～75岁。占同期单纯冠状动脉旁路移植手术的87.5%。其中不稳定型心绞痛69例,稳定型心绞痛162例,混合型25例。结果全组256例平均搭桥血管数（3.18±1.70）支/例,术后呼吸机辅助呼吸（10.20±2.10）h,术后住院时间（11.00±1.60）d,术后（15d内）死亡3例,近、中期随访180例心绞痛症状缓解或消失,死亡2例,1例仍有心绞痛症状。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术由于避免了体外循环,术后早期并发症发生率及死亡率低,临床治疗效果满意。     

外科治疗瓣膜病变合并冠心病临床分析

目的 分析瓣膜病变合并冠心病患者同期手术治疗方法及其效果.方法 40例瓣膜病变合并冠心病患者心脏停跳后先行冠状动脉旁路移植术,采用大隐静脉依次对回旋支、钝缘支、对角支、后降支行序贯或端端吻合.再行瓣膜替换或成形,之后完成乳内动脉与前降支吻合,再同期完成主动脉瓣替换与二尖瓣替换/成形术,最后再行三尖瓣成形术.结果 手术时间(378.56±91.95)min,主动脉阻断时间(105.49±33.99)min,体外循环时间(159.10±46.09)min,机械通气时间(32.18±34.66)h,24 h心包纵隔引流量(469.49±407.01)mL.出院后随访1～48个月,患者心前区不适、胸闷、胸痛、活动后乏力、双下肢水肿等症状消失.结论 施行瓣膜替换/成形联合冠状动脉旁路移植术是治疗瓣膜病变合并冠心病的有效方法.     

左主干病变的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的　总结 14 3例左主干 (LM)病变患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的经验体会。方法　 1999年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,行左主干病变的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 14 3例 ,69例有心肌梗死史 ,其中 2 5例为心肌梗死后 1个月内手术 ,12 3例有不稳定心绞痛 ,二次手术 4例 ,三支病变 114例。左心室射血分数平均 (5 6.4± 13 .8) % ,其中射血分数 <3 0 %者 13例。结果　所有病例在非体外循环下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,急诊手术 4 4例 ,选择性手术 99例。远端吻合口数目为 3 .3 4± 0 .85个 ,主动脉内球囊反搏 17例。手术死亡 3例 ,均死于恶性心律失常。其余并发症的发生与非左主干病变组无差别。结论　左主干病变行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、可行、疗效满意     

冠状动脉旁路移植术56例报道

目的总结分析56例冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床经验.方法 1999年10月～2003年11月,我院对56例冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术.左主干病变4例,单支病变3例,双支病变13例,三支病变36例.全部胸骨正中切口,42例在体外循环下进行,17例在非体外循环下进行.乳内动脉搭桥26根,大隐静脉搭桥128根,人均搭桥2.8支.结果全组死亡1例,其余患者痊愈出院,术后心绞痛完全消失或明显减轻.随访2～48个月效果良好.结论 CABG是治疗冠心病的一种安全有效的方法,合理选择病人,妥善围手术期管理,术中良好的心肌保护及不断提高外科操作技术是提高手术成功率的关键.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术256例临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术在冠心病外科的治疗效果和临床经验。方法总结我院1999年6月～2006年12月共完成非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术256例,男182例,女74例,年龄37～75岁。占同期单纯冠状动脉旁路移植手术的87.5%。其中不稳定型心绞痛69例,稳定型心绞痛162例,混合型25例。结果全组256例平均搭桥血管数(3.18±1.70)支/例,术后呼吸机辅助呼吸(10.20±2.10)h,术后住院时间(11.00±1.60)d,术后(15d内)死亡3例,近、中期随访180例心绞痛症状缓解或消失,死亡2例,1例仍有心绞痛症状。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术由于避免了体外循环,术后早期并发症发生率及死亡率低,临床治疗效果满意。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术21例临床分析

目的评价冠状动脉旁路移植术(Coronaryarterybypassgrafting,CABG)治疗冠心病的临床效果。方法对21例冠心病患者进行冠状动脉旁路移植术手术。单支血管病变2例,两支血管病变2例,三支17例(合并左主干狭窄1例)。采用大隐静脉(SV)及左内乳动脉(LIMA)作为移植物材料。结果术中共搭桥50根,应用LIMA10根,搭桥同期行主动脉瓣替换术1例,二尖瓣替换术1例,腹主动脉人工血管置换1例,术中术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)3例;手术后死亡3例;存活18例,病人术后心绞痛症状消失,生活质量明显提高。结论对药物及介入治疗无效的冠心病病人采用冠状动脉旁路移植术是最有效的方法。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的手术经验及临床应用。方法:回顾分析我院自2004年3月-2007年12月采用非体外循环不停跳下进行冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病37例的临床资料,全组均应用左乳内动脉吻合前降支,2例患者术前及术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)临时辅助。结果:全组37例共行冠脉搭桥109支,平均2.94支/人,3例搭桥4支,29例搭桥3支,5例搭桥2支。全组死亡1例,全组无出血和脑部并发症发生。结论:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术是安全可行的手术方式,可避免体外循环的并发症,手术效果满意。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.