光质对香椿芽苗菜生长和营养品质的影响

目的探究不同光质处理对香椿芽苗菜生长及营养品质的影响。方法以黑暗为对照,将香椿苗置于白、红、黄和蓝四种发光二极管(LED)光源的光照培养箱内培养,日照光12 h,光照强度为(30±3)?mol/(m·s),照光培养13 d后测定香椿芽苗菜的各项生长和品质指标。结果白光处理下生长的香椿芽苗菜可食干质量、全株干质量、可食率、维生素C(VC)和可溶性糖含量显著高于对照和其他光质处理。蓝光处理下香椿芽苗菜可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量最高且显著高于对照和其他光质处理。红光处理能显著降低硝酸盐含量,其次是白光和蓝光处理。与对照和其他光质处理比,白光和黄光处理下生长的香椿芽苗菜地上部分的总黄酮含量显著提高,白光处理的芽苗菜地下部分的总黄酮含量显著提高。与对照相比,红光处理下香椿芽苗菜子叶中的花青苷含量最高,其次是黄光处理。结论白光照射有利于香椿芽苗菜的生长,提高可食率,改善部分营养品质。     

长波紫外线对萝卜芽苗菜抗坏血酸合成的影响

目的研究UV-A照射对萝卜芽苗菜中抗坏血酸含量的影响。方法以黑暗为对照,将暗培养3 d后的萝卜芽苗菜连续白光和UV-A照射48 h,光照强度为(30±3)μmol·m-2·s-1,取样进行生长指标、抗坏血酸含量、酶活及合成基因表达量的测定。结果与黑暗相比,白光及UV-A处理下萝卜芽苗菜下胚轴长度显著低于对照。UV-A照射显著提高抗坏血酸含量和抗氧化酶活性。对抗坏血酸合成相关基因的定量PCR分析表明,UV-A照射下,磷酸甘露糖变位酶(PMM)、GDP-甘露糖-3’,5’-差向异构酶(GME)、磷酸二酯酶(GGP)、L-半乳糖-1-磷酸酶(GPP)、L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酷脱氢酶(GLDH)基因表达量变化显著,且各时间段GLDH酶活性均显著高于对照和白光处理。结论 UV-A照射通过提高L-半乳糖途径相关基因表达量及GLDH酶活性提高萝卜芽苗菜中抗坏血酸含量。     

紫外光B对大豆芽苗菜下胚轴酚类物质合成的影响

目的研究紫外光B(UV-B)对大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中酚类物质含量的影响。方法在黑暗(D),LED(light emitting diode)白光(W)和UV-B处理下培养大豆芽苗菜。其中,W和UV-B光周期为8 h/d,光照强度为30μmol/m~2·s左右,随机取样进行下胚轴中酚类物质含量、PAL酶活及关键合成酶基因表达量的测定。结果相对D和W处理,UV-B处理显著提高了总酚物质含量和PAL酶的活性。总酚含量的提高主要体现在丁香酸、对-香豆酸和阿魏酸三种单体上。在UV-B处理下,酚类物质合成途径中四个关键酶基因PAL2、CHS8、FLS和ANS的相对表达量逐渐上升,且均在培养5 d时显著高于D和W处理。结论 UV-B通过影响大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中酚类物质合成途径相关酶基因的表达量及PAL酶活影响酚类物质含量。     

蓝光照射对剥夺光照抑郁大鼠大脑缰核中脑源性神经营养因子的影响

目的:探讨蓝光照射对剥夺光照抑郁大鼠大脑缰核中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的调节作用。方法:采用随机数字表法,将雄性SD大鼠随机分为白光对照组（20只）和抑郁模型组（60只）,分别给予白光照射和剥夺光照处理;18 d后将抑郁模型组大鼠随机均分为抑郁模型组、蓝光处理组和红光处理组,分别给予剥夺光照、补充蓝光照射和补充红...     

十字花科芽苗菜与成熟蔬菜生物活性成分的比较

目的比较西兰花、甘蓝、大白菜、小白菜、青萝卜和小油菜六种十字花科成熟蔬菜和其芽苗菜中硫代葡萄糖苷(简称硫苷)、异硫氰酸酯、总酚、抗坏血酸和花色苷含量以及抗氧化能力。方法西兰花、甘蓝、大白菜、小白菜、青萝卜和小油菜相应的蔬菜种子于30℃浸泡后,于16 h光照/8 h黑暗,25℃发芽,收集8 d的芽苗菜除去根部,与成熟蔬菜一起进行分析。结果所测十字花科蔬菜中硫苷种类和含量差异较大,但均以脂肪族硫苷为主,芽苗菜中总硫苷和每种硫苷含量均显著高于其成熟蔬菜;萝卜成熟蔬菜和芽苗菜异硫氰酸酯含量最高,所测芽苗菜中异硫氰酸酯含量约是成熟蔬菜的31~62倍。萝卜芽苗菜中总酚含量显著高于其成熟蔬菜,而小油菜则相反,其它芽苗菜与成熟蔬菜之间无显著差异;除萝卜外,其它十字花科成熟蔬菜抗坏血酸含量均高于芽苗菜;成熟小油菜中花色苷含量和清除DPPH自由基能力高于其芽苗菜,而其它芽苗菜中花色苷含量和清除DPPH自由基能力高于其成熟蔬菜。结论十字花科成熟蔬菜和芽苗菜均含有较高的活性成分,除小油菜外,其它十字花科芽苗菜活性成分含量均显著高于成熟蔬菜。     

红蓝光治疗痤疮118例临床观察

目的运用武汉亚格光电技术有限公司生产的LED-IA型光动力治疗仪是采用LED输出窄谱415nm的窄谱蓝光与633nm的红光结合治疗痤疮。方法根据皮损情况选择红光或蓝光照射,不能同时使用,光照后予上冷膜收敛。有脓疱、红色丘疹、结节、囊肿者为炎性期,先予以蓝光治疗,炎性后期或炎性不明显者予以红光治疗。每次照射20min,每周治疗两次,两次之间至少间隔2~3d,8次为一疗程,全部疗程持续4周,红蓝光交替治疗,效果显著。结果与结论痊愈84例(71.1%);显效22例(18.6%);有效10例(6%);无效2例(4.3%),总有效率89%。     

白光LED光源的蓝光对非视觉及视觉的危害

<正>发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)将电能直接转化为光,高效、低耗,被视为"终极人工光源"[1]。采用蓝光LED+黄色荧光粉合成白光的方式获得目前光效最高、成本最低的白光LED光源[2]。由于这种白光LED具有与传统光源明显不同的蓝光波峰、光谱功率分布,其光生物安全性备受关注。近年来随着LED行业迅猛发展,白光LED光源的应用已经从户外公共     

三仁汤化裁联合红蓝光对脾胃湿热证痤疮的临床疗效

目的观察三仁汤化裁联合红蓝光对脾胃湿热证痤疮的临床疗效。方法选取张掖人民医院皮肤科收治的196例脾胃湿热证痤疮患者,以密封信封法随机分为对照组和联合组,每组各98例。对照组采用红蓝光照射治疗,联合组采用三仁汤化裁联合红蓝光照射治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效、中医症状积分、血清生化指标、生活质量变化情况、不良反应和复发情况。结果治疗后联合组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组中医症状积分(皮疹类型、皮损数量、皮疹形态和皮疹瘙痒)均显著降低,且联合组降低幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组血清的P物质、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均显著降低,且联合组降低幅度更大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组痤疮患者特异性生活质量量表(Qol-Acne)中自我感知、情感功能、社会功能评分及总分均显著提高,且联合组治疗后自我感知、情感功能和总分显著高于联合组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗期间,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访3个月发现,联合组复发率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三仁汤化裁联合红蓝光照射治疗较单纯红蓝光照射治疗疗效更好,且有助于缓解患者皮疹症状,调节机体相关的血清因子水平,提高患者生活质量并降低复发率。     

防蓝光对眼睛来说有必要吗

<正>我们生长在太阳下,沐浴着太阳的自然光。有了太阳光,我们的眼睛才能看到丰富多彩的世界。太阳光其实是混合光,含有红光、橙光、黄光、绿光、青光、紫光,当然也有蓝光。随着科技的发展,我们有了电,有了电灯,使我们晚上也能像白天一样地生活、学习、娱乐。目前使用的电灯多是由蓝光激发感光层,再发出各种颜色的光;电脑和手机也是由蓝光激发感光层,可显示各种图像和文字。蓝光无处不在,蓝光对我们的眼睛有什么影响？我们的眼睛需要防蓝光吗？     

中药石膏倒模联合红蓝光照射治疗中、重度痤疮疗效观察

目的观察中药石膏倒模联合红蓝光照射治疗面部寻常型中、重度痤疮的临床疗效。方法采用中药石膏倒模联合红蓝光联合照射治疗中度和重度痤疮,分别与单纯红蓝光照射治疗的对照组比较,并观察疗效。结果治疗组中度(A组)和重度(C组)痤疮有效率分别为92.5%和82.5%,对照组(B组、D组)分别为77.5%和65.0%。治疗组(A组、C组)痤疮疗效均优于对照组(B组、D组)(p<0.05);治疗中度痤疮(A组)疗效在皮肤炎症改善优于重度痤疮(C组)患者,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论中药石膏倒模联合红蓝光交替照射联合治疗寻常型痤疮安全有效,值得临床推广。     

In Vitro Evidence on Bioaccessibility of Flavonols and Cinnamoyl Derivatives of Cruciferous Sprouts

Cruciferous sprouts are rising in popularity as a hallmark of healthy diets, partially because of their phytochemical composition, characterized by the presence of flavonols and cinnamates. However, to shed light on their biological activity, the ability to assimilate (poly)phenols from sprouts (bioaccessible fraction) during gastrointestinal digestion needs to be studied. In this frame, the present work studies the effect of the physicochemical and enzymatic characteristics of gastrointestinal digestion on flavonols and cinnamoyl derivatives, by a simulated static in vitro model, on different cruciferous (red radish, red cabbage, broccoli, and white mustard) sprouts. The results indicate that, although the initial concentrations of phenolic acids in red radish (64.25 mg/g fresh weight (fw)) are lower than in the other sprouts studied, their bioaccessibility after digestion is higher (90.40 mg/g fw), followed by red cabbage (72.52 mg/g fw), white mustard (58.72 mg/g fw), and broccoli (35.59 mg/g fw). These results indicate that the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols is not exclusively associated with the initial concentration in the raw material, but that the physico-chemical properties of the food matrix, the presence of other additional molecules, and the specific characteristics of digestion are relevant factors in their assimilation.     

Antioxidant properties of raw and processed cabbages

To study the effect of polyphenolics on antioxidant activities of cabbages, the amounts of total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and individual phenolic compounds in raw and processed cabbages were determined. Fresh and pickled red cabbages exhibited the highest total phenolic contents (393.1+/-10.8 mg and 366.3+/-3.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh sample, respectively). Fresh and pickled red cabbages were also highest in flavonoids (108.1+/-9.3 mg and 72.4+/-4.4 mg catechin equivalents/100 g fresh sample, respectively). The antioxidant capacity (expressed as vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity) ranged from 57.1 to 695.6 mg vitamin C equivalents/100 g fresh sample, where raw and pickled red cabbages exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. There was a good linear relationship between the total phenolics and antioxidant capacity (r2=0.9743), and between the total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity (r2=0.9557); however, the relationship between the ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity was very low (r2=0.1442). The antioxidant capacity of raw and processed cabbages was highly correlated with their contents of polyphenolics. Kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin were the major flavonoids existing in cabbages except for raw and pickled red cabbages, where cyanidin was the predominant flavonoid (73.6-117.7 mg/kg). In the red cabbages, cyanidin was the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity as well as the content of total phenolics and flavonoids.     

窄普红蓝光联合护理干预治疗痤疮的疗效观察

目的研究窄普红蓝光联合护理干预治疗痤疮的临床效果。方法将入选的186例痤疮患者随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组采用窄普红蓝光交替照射,每周2次,每次20分钟。研究组在红蓝光治疗基础上,进行护理干预。治疗4周后判定疗效。结果研究组总有效82.6%,对照组总有效率70.1%,两组总有效率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论窄普红蓝光联合护理干预是治疗痤疮的有效方法。     

不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的差异

目的研究不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的变化规律,丰富食物成分数据库。方法改进现有的类黄酮物质HPLC检测方法 ,测定天津当地不同季节的52种蔬菜样品中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基含量。结果在52种蔬菜中,春夏季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、球茎甘蓝、大蒜、茴香、白洋葱,秋冬季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、大蒜、球茎甘蓝,含量均超过20mg/100g鲜重。受季节影响变化幅度较大的蔬菜包括莴苣叶、圆茄子、菠菜、蒜苔、卷心菜和香菜。结论不同季节多数蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量差异有显著性,一般春夏季节含量高于秋冬季节。     

三种色稻不同品种的米糠和精米中六种矿物元素含量的研究

目的:研究三种色稻(白米、红米、黑米)的不同品种中米糠和精米的六种矿物元素含量。方法:选择36个品种,采用原子荧光分光光度计和原子吸收分光光度计,分别测定米糠和精米中Se、Zn、Fe、Ca、Mn、Cu等6个矿物元素的含量。结果:1.米糠中六个矿物元素的含量分别为精米中含量的2.58、3.35、10.04、4.58、12.79、6.59倍。2.黑米的精米中Ca的含量显著高于白米和红米的精米,白米的米糠中Mn的含量显著高于黑米和红米的米糠;其它矿物元素在三种色稻中没有显著性差异。3.每一种矿物元素在不同品种间的米糠和精米中的含量均差异很大。结论:6种元素在三种色稻所有品种的米糠中的总平均含量比精米的高5.66倍。本研究筛选出富含不同矿物元素的8个品种,可供生产与消费利用。     

我国常见水果类黄酮物质的含量

目的测定我国常见水果5种类黄酮物质的含量。方法水果样品分别采用北京、天津、上海、杭州,采用高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素、坎二菲醇、玉米黄酮、杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基含量。结果在38种水果中,石榴、山楂、红提类黄酮物质含量最为丰富;在5种类黄酮物质中,槲皮素分布最广,含量最为丰富;我国居民每日人均水果5种类黄酮物质摄入量约为2.80mg,其中槲皮素占83.9%。结论不同水果类黄酮物质含量差异较大;槲皮素是水果中最为常见的类黄酮物质。     

Chemical composition and starch digestibility of tortillas prepared with non-conventional commercial nixtamalized maize flours

Non-conventional nixtamalized maize flours elaborated by a factory in Mexico were used for tortilla preparation. Tortillas were stored at 4 degrees C for up to 72 h and the total starch, available starch, resistant starch and retrograded resistant starch were assessed. The traditional white tortilla, used as a control, showed higher protein and fat contents than blue maize tortilla, whereas a maize-bean mixed tortilla had the highest protein, ash and fat contents. Lower total starch was obtained in the maize-bean tortilla than in white and blue maize tortillas. The available starch content in all tortillas decreased with the cold-storage, although the change was more marked for blue-maize tortillas. The maize-bean mixed tortillas exhibited the lowest in vitro digestibility, which is consistent with the relatively high resistant starch levels in the bean. Differences in resistant starch content were found between the two maize tortillas, which might be related to the softer texture of blue-maize tortilla. The starch digestibility features of these new types of nixtamalized maize flours open up the possibility of producing tortillas with variable nutritional properties.     

Massive outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in schoolchildren in Sakai City, Japan, associated with consumption of white radish sprouts.

In July 1996, an outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection occurred among schoolchildren in Sakai City, Osaka, Japan. This outbreak developed in 13 North-East District and 34 Middle-South District elementary schools in the city. All children hospitalized on July 17-19 had presented on July 8 (North-East District) and July 9 (Middle-South District). School lunches served on July 1 and 8 in the North-East District and on July 1, 4, 8, and 9 in the Middle-South District were proposed by a food consumption study to be associated with infection. White radish sprouts from a single farm were the only uncooked food common to the most highly implicated meals on the involved days in two school districts (sweet and sour chicken with lettuce on July 8 in the North-East District and chilled Japanese noodles on July 9 in the Middle-South District). Two incidents of E. coli O157:H7 in neighboring areas were also related to white radish sprouts from the farm. The pulse-field gel electrophoresis patterns of isolates from patients in these two districts and the neighboring areas were identical. Thus, it was concluded that the cause of the outbreak was the white radish sprouts shipped on July 7-9 from one particular farm.     

Comparison in Accumulation of Lanthanide Elements Among Three Brassicaceae Plant Sprouts

Three kinds of sprouts in the Brassicaceae family of plants, namely, pink kale, radish and mustard were evaluated for the possibility of phytoremediation of lanthanides. The mustard sprout more efficiently accumulated lanthanides (e.g. 0.26 nmol La/g) than other Brassicaceae family plant sprouts (0.16 nmol La/g in the radish), however the radish sprout showed the fastest growth among three sprouts. Faster growth compensated for less efficiency in lanthanide accumulation (28 pmol La in the radish vs. 12 pmol La in the mustard) indicating that the radish is the most preferable sprout for the phytoremediation of lanthanides.     

叶黄素对大鼠视网膜蓝光损伤防护作用机制研究

目的探讨叶黄素防护视网膜蓝光损伤的相关机制。方法将大鼠按体重随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型对照组、溶剂对照组以及叶黄素低、中、高剂量组。叶黄素低、中、高剂量组分别注射0.5、1.0和2.0mg/ml的叶黄素,溶剂对照组注射由生理盐水和Tween80以9:1混合的溶剂,注射剂量均为5μl。暗适应24h,利用蓝光光损伤仪建立大鼠视网膜光损伤模型,光暴露时间为2h。光暴露结束后暗适应72h,处死取视网膜测定氧化应激指标、神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)和c-fos蛋白的表达情况。结果与模型对照组及溶剂对照组相比,叶黄素剂量组大鼠视网膜中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著减少(P<0.05),而SOD和GSH-Px的活性在各组间差异无显著性。叶黄素剂量组大鼠视网膜中c-fos蛋白的表达量低于溶剂对照组和模型对照组(P<0.05),而nNOS的表达量与其他组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论叶黄素可能通过淬灭氧自由基,抑制脂质过氧化和c-fos基因的表达发挥其保护作用。