不同品系虹鳟的肌肉营养成分分析

目的分析测定5个品系虹鳟(丹麦虹鳟、道氏虹鳟、挪威虹鳟、芬兰虹鳟、美国虹鳟)的肌肉营养组成,对其营养价值进行综合评价。方法采用现时的国家标准方法测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸。结果5个品系虹鳟肌肉中粗蛋白质含量为16.08%～20.98%;粗脂肪含量为2.06%～3.96%;灰分含量为1.42%～1.62%;18种氨基酸总量为63.29%～71.03%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸含量为26.27%～29.45%,4种呈味氨基酸含量为23.72%～26.31%;主要脂肪酸有21类29种,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪总量的76.86%～81.18%,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)两者之和的含量为4.58%～13.19%。结论这5个品系虹鳟肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,含氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量较高,脂肪酸含量丰富,是营养价值和经济价值都比较高的优质鱼类。     

黑龙江鲶形目鱼类的肌肉营养组成分析

目的:分析测定鲶、六须鲶、黄颡、乌苏里拟鲿的肌肉主要营养成分,对它们的营养价值进行综合评价。方法:采用常规的生化分析方法。结果:鲶、六须鲶、黄颡、乌苏里拟鲿四种鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量为67.11%~82.11%;粗脂肪含量为8.91%~23.74%;灰分含量为4.95%~6.24%;18种氨基酸总量为52.54%~73.52%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸总含量为22.04%~30.37%,4种呈味氨基酸13.23%~29.40%。结论:这四种鲶形目鱼类肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,所含氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸与鲜味氨基酸含量较高,是营养价值与经济价值都较高的优质鱼类。     

六种冷水鱼肌肉营养组成分析与评价

目的:对养殖的五种冷水鱼(虹鳟、金鳟、山女鳟、白点鲑、大西洋鲑)和一种野生冷水鱼(哲罗) 肌肉的营养组成进行分析与评价,为冷水鱼品种资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料。方法:采用常规的生化分析方法对六种冷水鱼肌肉的营养组成进行了测定。结果:六种冷水鱼肌肉(干样)中粗蛋白含量为75.49%-91.51%,粗脂肪含量为1.21%-16.80%,灰分含量为4.93%-6.61%;氨基酸总量为69.89%-88.58%;8种人体必需氨基酸含量为29.61%-38.37%;4种呈味氨基酸含量为27.20%-34.92%。结论:六种冷水鱼肌肉中蛋白质含量较高;所含氨基酸种类齐全;必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量较高;养殖鱼种和野生鱼种在粗脂肪含量上有着很大的差异。综合分析认为六种冷水鱼是营养价值和经济价值都比较高的优质养殖鱼类。     

两种刺鳅肌肉营养成分分析及评价

目的对两种野生刺鳅属鱼类(大刺鳅和刺鳅)肌肉的营养组成进行分析与评价。方法采用常规的生化分析方法对两种野生刺鳅肌肉的营养组成进行了测定。结果两种刺鳅肌肉中均含有18种氨基酸、17种脂肪酸、9种矿物元素。在大刺鳅与刺鳅肌肉鲜样中,蛋白质含量为17.72%、21.42%;脂肪含量为1.63%、2.66%;氨基酸总量为17.47%、21.25%;鲜味氨基酸总量为7.14%、8.76%;EPA与DHA总量为4.17%、7.92%;人体必需脂肪酸总量为9.53%、9.65%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.52、66.28;第一限制性氨基酸为(甲硫氨酸﹢半胱氨酸)、色氨酸。结论两种刺鳅肌肉含高蛋白和低脂肪,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸、EPA与DHA含量均较高,矿物元素含量丰富,有较佳的食用口感和较好的营养价值。     

内蒙古呼伦湖红鳍鲌的营养成分分析及营养评价

目的对红鳍鲌营养成分进行分析及营养评价。方法用常规分析方法分析营养成分。结果红鳍鲌水分含量为78.29%,蛋白质含量为18.31%,脂肪含量为0.97%,总糖含量为1.18%,灰分含量为1.17%。氨基酸(AA)总量为71.93%,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为31.61%,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)总量为40.32%。氨基酸中鲜味氨基酸(FTAA)总量为25.57%。红鳍鲌肌肉中共有26种脂肪酸(FA),其中以C16:0和C18:1n9含量最为丰富,比例分别为17.88%和14.15%;另外,EPA和DHA的含量也比较高,分别为9.72%和12.97%。脂肪酸中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)比例为26.26%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)比例为29.61%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比例为39.91%。脂类(Lipid Classes)分析结果是甘油二酯(DG)、甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、胆固醇(Cho)和磷脂(PL)比例分别为3.69%、11.71%、23.60%、0.54%和60.46%。结论红鳍鲌是一种蛋白质和多不饱和脂肪酸含量高,胆固醇含量低的鱼类,经常食用有利于人体健康。     

棕腹刺豚肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

[目的]评价棕腹刺豚（L.wheeleri）肌肉营养成分与品质,为棕腹刺豚的利用提供科学依据。[方法]参照食品检验国标方法测定5尾棕腹刺豚肌肉的营养成分。蛋白质营养价值评价采用氨基酸比值系数法,以W HO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,并与全鸡蛋蛋白质进行对照比较。[结果]棕腹刺豚肌肉中粗蛋白质量分数19.30%,粗脂肪质量分数1.94%,水分质量分数78.50%,碳水化合物质量分数0.26%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量为18.49%（质量分数,鲜样）,其中9种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.52%,必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合W HO/FAO的标准。棕腹刺豚的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸（Met＋Cys）,氨基酸比值系数分为71.00,5种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.86%。[结论]棕腹刺豚有较高的食用价值与保健作用。     

建鲤和黑龙江野鲤杂交与自交F_1代肌肉营养成分的比较

目的检测建鲤和黑龙江野鲤杂交与各自交F1代的肌肉营养成分。方法2008年8月25日～10月8日对三个群体进行了为期45d的网箱养殖之后,按GB/T5009-2003方法分别测定水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分,用液相和气相色谱仪分别测定氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,用原子吸收光谱仪测定无机元素,分析比较三个群体的肌肉营养成分。结果杂交F1代的水分含量低于两自交群体,粗蛋白含量高于两自交群体,粗脂肪含量显著低于建鲤自交F1代而高于黑龙江野鲤自交F1代;氨基酸总量,杂交F1代较建鲤自交F1代有不同程度提升;杂交F1代的WEAA/WTAA和WEAA/WNEAA符合FAO/WHO标准,后者比两自交群体更为理想,其必需氨基酸指数EAAI(98.46),明显高于建鲤自交F1代(81.71);脂肪酸的含量,杂交F1代除在饱和脂肪酸的总量低于两自交群体外,单、多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸总量均高于两自交群体;宏量和微量元素总量,杂交F1代均高于两自交群体。结论杂交F1代不仅在蛋白质营养价值上优于两自交群体,而且在脂肪酸和营养元素的含量上更为丰富。     

巫山县庙宇党参地上部分与根中氨基酸和微量元素的含量测定及对比分析

测定并比较分析巫山县庙宇党参地上部分与根中氨基酸和微量元素的含量。方法 提取分离获得庙宇党参地上部分与根的提取物,根据国家药典标准,分别用全自动氨基酸分析仪和原子吸收分光光度计测定其中的氨基酸和微量元素。结果 庙宇党参地上部分和根均检出17种氨基酸,其中地上部分水解氨基酸组分总量为（77.72±6.83）mg/g,根水解氨基酸组分总量为（38.98±9.32）mg/g,庙宇党参地上部分水解氨基酸含量明显高于根。庙宇党参地上部分和根均检出13种微量元素,地上部分微量元素总量为（911.532±29.983）mg/kg,根微量元素总量为（992.366±24.994）mg/kg,庙宇党参地上部分微量元素含量是根的91.85%。结论 庙宇党参地上部分氨基酸和微量元素组成多样,含量丰富,营养价值高,具有综合应用和开发价值。     

酶解猪血纤维蛋白的营养评价

为开发“要素膳”的氮源,本文对酶解猪血纤维蛋白的营养价值进行了研究。结果表明,酶解猪血纤维蛋白所含8种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40％;化学评分(CS)为42,第1限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为83,优于植物蛋白。动物实验证明,可促进幼年大鼠生长,蛋白质功效比值(PER)为2.44;可促进成年大鼠体重恢复;可维持成年大鼠氮平衡(167±63.6mg/日),但不如酪蛋白。主要是因为色氨酸含量偏高;蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量偏低。若能改善其氨基酸平衡,不失为优质氮源。     

野生中华鲟成鱼与幼鱼肌肉成分比较

目的比较野生中华鲟成鱼(成鱼)与中华鲟幼鱼(幼鱼)肌肉成分及品质的差异。方法采用国标的方法,对肌肉中各成分进行相应分析。结果野生中华鲟成鱼肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量均显著低于幼鱼(P0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量显著高于幼鱼(P0.05)。成鱼和幼鱼的氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为63.35、72.02,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的模式。脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量成鱼显著低于幼鱼(P0.05),分别为8.87%、22.99%。矿物质含量丰富,其中常量元素(P和Mg)含量成鱼显著高于幼鱼(P0.05)。结论成鱼和幼鱼的肌肉中均含有较丰富的氨基酸和脂肪酸,但两者间比较幼鱼的肌肉成分优于中华鲟成鱼。     

Proximate, amino acid and mineral composition of pupae of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi in China

The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein of pupae of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi were investigated. Investigations showed that the pupal powder contained 7.6% moisture, 71.9% crude protein, 20.1% fat and 4.0% ash on a dry matter basis. The mineral analysis indicated high K content with a low Na/K ratio and low heavy metal content. The pupal protein contained 18 known amino acids, including all of the essential amino acids and sulphur-containing amino acids. Compared with the amino acid profile recommended by FAO/WHO, the pupal protein was of high quality due to its high content of essential amino acids. The results of the present study provide some technical information and suggestions for the food industry for more effective utilization of pupae of the silkworm A. pernyi.     

Physical and chemical analysis of Passiflora seeds and seed oil from China

The physical and chemical properties of seeds and seed oil from ‘Tainung No. 1’ passion fruit in China have been analyzed in order to evaluate their nutritional value. Proximate analysis shows that the seeds have a high amount of protein (10.8±0.60%) and are rich in oil (23.40±2.50%). The seeds are found to be a good source of minerals. They contain considerable amounts of sodium (2.980±0.002 mg/g), magnesium (1.540±0.001 mg/g), potassium (0.850±0.001 mg/g), and calcium (0.540±0.002 mg/g). The passion fruit seeds contain the 17 amino acids that are found naturally in plant protein (tryptophan is not analyzed). The essential amino acids account for 34% of the 17 amino acids. The amino acid score of passion fruit seeds protein is 74 and the first limiting amino acid is methionine and cystine. The oil extracted by solvent and supercritical dioxide carbon is liquid at room temperature and the color is golden–orange. The specific gravity of the oil is about 0.917. Comparing the chemical properties of the oil extracted by solvent with that by supercritical dioxide carbon, the latter may be suitable as edible oil directly, while the former will be edible after it must be refined to improve on clarity. Fatty acid composition of the seed oil indicates that the oil contains two essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and linolenic acid), but the content of linoleic acid (72.69±0.32%) is by far greater than that of linolenic acid (0.26±0.00%). The present analytical results show the passion fruit seed to be a potentially valuable non-conventional source for high-quality oil.     

大豆平衡氨基酸营养价值的研究

大豆平衡氨基酸是水解大豆蛋白后,添加蛋氨酸和色氨酸制成的一种氨基酸组成比较平衡的氨基酸混合物,其必需氨基酸含量达46.5％(含胱氨酸和酪氨酸);第1限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,氨基酸分(AAS)为0.97,化学分(CS)为0.55,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为91.53,均较酪蛋白高。动物试验表明,大豆平衡氨基酸可促进幼年大鼠生长;蛋白质功效比值(PER)达3.38±0.23,净蛋白质比率(NPR)达4.65±0.34,真消化率(TD)达96.44±102,生物价值(BV)达77.06±1.41,净蛋白质利用率(NPU)达74.14±0.89,与酪蛋白组比较,除消化率与酪蛋白一致外,其余各项指标均显著高于酪蛋白组,研究结果提示,大豆平衡氨基酸是“要素膳”的理想氮源。     

Effect of processing on proximate composition,anti-nutrient status and amino acid content in three accessions of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa (jacq.) benth

Proximate composition, amino acid levels and anti-nutrient factors (polyphenols, phytic acid and oxalate) in the seeds of Parkia biglobosa were determined at three stages: raw, boiled and fermented. The highest anti-nutrient factor present in the raw state was oxalate, while phytic acid was the least. The amino acid of the raw seeds matched favourably to the World Health Organization reference standard. After processing, boiling increased fat, crude fibre and protein, while it reduced moisture, ash and the anti-nutrient content in 64% of the cases examined. Fermentation reduced ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate in all the accessions. It increased the moisture, fat and protein, while reducing the anti-nutrient factors in 78% of the cases. The high levels of protein, fat and amino acids coupled with the low levels of the anti-nutrients in the boiled and fermented seeds make Parkia a good source of nutrients for humans and livestock.