2005年瓦房店市部分建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查

[目的]了解瓦房店市建筑工地食堂卫生状况,探讨建筑工地食堂的卫生管理方法,为建立对建筑工地食堂监督工作长效机制提供科学依据.[方法]2005年6月对市内的36家建筑工地进行了一次全面卫生状况调查,询问食堂从业人员食品卫生知识.[结论]共调查36个建筑工地,有20个工地设食堂,占72.2%;5个工地取得了卫生许可证,持证率为25.0%;调查从业人员45人,7人持有健康合格证和卫生知识培训证上岗;食堂的基础设施用房均是临时搭建,食品卫生制度不健全,卫生意识和法制观念薄弱.[结论]建筑工地食堂卫生状况较混乱,存在发生肠道传染病和食物中毒的隐患.     

2003年武城县部分建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查

[目的 ]了解武城县建筑工地食堂的卫生状况 ,以便制订相应的卫生管理对策。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 3年 8月对武城县设有工地食堂的 3 2家建筑工地进行检查 ,询问从业人员的食品卫生知识 ,检测餐具消毒质量。 [结果 ]工地食堂的卫生许可证持有率为 2 8 13 % ,从业人员健康证持有率为 3 4 62 % ;多数食堂卫生管理制度与卫生设施不全 ;餐具消毒合格率为17 88%。国有工地食堂的“两证”持有率与餐具消毒合格率均高于集体工地食堂。 [结论 ]建筑工地食堂存在较多的卫生问题 ,集体工地食堂尤其严重     

2006年驻马店市部分建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查

[目的]了解驻马店市驿城区和高新技术开发区建筑工地食堂卫生状况,以便制订相应的卫生管理对策.[方法]2006年9月,驻马店市卫生监督所对驿城区和开发区建筑工地食堂卫生状况进行调查.[结果]调查建筑工地食堂56家(单楼工地36家,居民小区工地20家).多数食堂基本卫生设施、购物索证、台帐建立、卫生管理组织和卫生管理制度不健全,物品存放和加工过程不符合卫生要求.56家食堂中,只有19家居民小区工地食堂持有卫生许可证;224名食品从业人员有效健康证持有率为40.63%,其中单楼建筑工地食堂仅为14.04%.食品从业人员卫生知识答对率为37.95%,单楼工地仅为9.65%;餐具消毒合格率为36.16%,单楼工地仅为8.21%.[结论]建筑工地食堂卫生存在较多问题,单楼建筑工地食堂尤为严重.     

2003年武城县部分建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查

[目的]了解武城县建筑工地食堂的卫生状况，以便制订相应的卫生管理对策。[方法]2003年8月对武城县设有工地食堂的32家建筑工地进行检查，询问从业人员的食品卫生知识，检测餐具消毒质量。[结果]工地食堂的卫生许可证持有率为28．13％，从业人员健康证持有率为34．62％；多数食堂卫生管理制度与卫生设施不全；餐具消毒合格率为17．88％。国有工地食堂的“两证”持有率与餐具消毒合格率均高于集体工地食堂。[结论]建筑工地食堂存在较多的卫生问题．集体工地食堂尤其严重。     

大兴区学校食堂卫生状况调查与对策

为了解大兴区学校食堂的卫生状况,为加强学校食堂卫生监督管理提供依据。设计调查表对大兴区学校75家食堂进行现场检查并填写调查表。结果75家学校食堂全部建立了主管校长食品负责制并具有上、下水设施及相应的防蝇设施,食堂卫生许可证持有率达90.67%,从业人员健康体检率达96.19%。大兴区多数学校集体食堂的布局合理、基础卫生设施和卫生管理及食品卫生状况总体情况较好,今后应继续加强对学校食堂的卫生监督管理和加大卫生执法力度,推广食品卫生监督量化分级管理和建立HACCP体系管理,提高管理人员和从业人员的食品安全和卫生防病意识及法制观念。     

建筑工地食堂卫生现状及管理对策

[目的]了解建筑工地食堂的卫生现状，提出卫生监督管理对策。[方法]制定建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查表并现场调查。[结果]建筑工地食堂存在卫生管理薄弱，加工场所布局流程不合理（28．8％有就餐间、售饭间和加工间，15．4％加工流程合理）；卫生设施简陋（48．1％有“三防”设施，42．3％食品处理区有3个以上水池）。[结论]针对建筑工地食堂的卫生现状，监督管理部门要建立建筑工地食堂的卫生监督管理办法，加强多部门的协调，创新管理模式，扩大食品卫生法律知识宣传。     

北京市大兴区企业集体食堂卫生状况调查

目的了解大兴区企业集体食堂的卫生状况,为加强企业集体食堂卫生监督管理提供依据。方法设计调查表对大兴区72家企业集体食堂进行现场检查并填写调查表。结果72家企业集体食堂全部具有上、下水设施、冷藏设施、排烟设施及相应的防蝇设施,食堂有卫生许可证达80.56%,从业人员健康体检率达80.67%。结论大兴区多数企业集体食堂的基础卫生设施和卫生管理及食品卫生状况总体情况尚好,但也存在一定的问题。今后应继续加强对企业食堂的卫生监督管理,在企业食堂中实施食品卫生监督量化分级管理制度。     

钦州市建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查分析

[目的]关注农民工的食品安全。[方法]现场调查建筑工地食堂的卫生现状及存在的问题,并用纸片法检测餐用具的污染状况。[结果]调查25家建筑工地食堂,4家持有卫生许可证,占16.0%;72名从业人员中有15名取得健康证和培训证,占20.8%;工地食堂的卫生状况较差,设备设施简陋,从业人员素质差,卫生管理制度不健全;餐用具抽检合格率为41.6%。[结论]加强建筑工地食堂的卫生监督管理,有效地预防和控制集体食物中毒事件的发生。     

金坛市中小学校食堂卫生状况调查分析

目的 了解金坛市中小学校食堂卫生状况,为进一步加强学校食堂卫生管理工作,提供科学依据。方法 制订中小学校食堂卫生监督检查表,对60家中小学校食堂进行卫生监督、检查。结果 金坛市60家中小学校食堂卫生许可证的办证率为78.33％;工作人员体检率为78.69％;食堂内部设施良莠不齐。结论 相当一部分中小学校食堂卫生状况令人担扰,对照《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》、《学生集中用餐卫生监督办法》差距较大。     

安钢企业建筑工地食堂卫生状况调查

目的为了解安钢企业建筑工地食堂卫生状况,更加科学规范化管理该行业。方法对安钢48家建筑工地食堂的卫生管理及基本卫生设施情况进行普查。结果建筑工地食堂的卫生状况不容乐观,在管理上存在许多问题,管理不到位,领导重视程度不够,制度不健全,措施不落实,硬件不完善,甚至无证经营;食堂设施较简陋,操作间不密闭,多数食堂三防设施(防蝇、防尘、防鼠)不到位;食堂从业人员食品卫生知识和安全防范意识相对较差。结论针对建筑工地食堂中突出的卫生问题,提出了一系列行之有效的措施,使企业建筑工地食堂卫生状况有了很大改观,卫生管理逐渐走向科学化、规范化的管理轨道。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.