不同垫底材料对全瓷嵌体修复应力分布影响的三维有限元研究

目的应用三维有限元应力分析法对采用不同垫底材料的上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞全瓷嵌体进行应力计算分析,为临床全瓷嵌体修复垫底材料的选择提供理论参考。方法建立垫底厚度为1.0mm的上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞嵌体修复三维有限元模型。采用ANSYS10.0有限元分析软件,计算分析应用3种不同弹性模量的垫底材料时,全瓷嵌体修复各个部分的应力分布状况。结果随着垫底材料弹性模量的增高,且越接近牙本质弹性模量时,嵌体、牙釉质和粘结剂层的最大主应力逐渐减小;而牙本质的最大主应力逐渐增高。结论当牙体缺损较小,洞型较浅时,可采用弹性模量较高,并与牙本质弹性模量接近的垫底材料;而当牙体缺损洞型较深,洞底部牙本质较薄弱时,应采用弹性模量较低的垫底材料。     

上颌第一前磨牙MOD洞形设计对全瓷嵌体修复影响的三维有限元分析

目的 建立全瓷嵌体修复上颌第一前磨牙近中-（牙合）面-远中（MOD）洞形的三维有限元模型,通过改变洞形的设计,观察应力分布的改变。方法 建立三维有限元模型,设定两个变量分别为髓壁距龈壁的距离（H）,龈壁的宽度（G）;在Ansys11.0中依照变量进行模型修改,（牙合）面加载力大小为200N,记录应力数据并分析应力分布。结果 牙体预备MOD洞能够影响牙体全瓷嵌体修复后的应力分布。在龈壁宽度不变的情况下,牙釉质的Von mises应力值随着髓壁的高度增加而减小。近中牙颈部嵌体边缘线处的牙釉质应力分布较为集中。在髓壁距龈壁的距离保持不变的条件下,随着龈壁宽度的增加,牙本质的Vonmises应力值和最大主应力σ₁都明显增大。结论 全瓷嵌体修复后增加了牙体的应力值,而牙体MOD洞形预备影响了全瓷嵌体修复的应力分布。髓壁高度的变化是牙釉质应力改变的重要参变量,应力值随髓壁高度的增加而减小;龈壁宽度的变化是牙本质应力改变的重要参变量,应力值随龈壁宽度的增加而增大。牙颈部近中嵌体边缘线处的牙釉质易发生折裂。     

上颌前磨牙全瓷嵌体修复三维有限元模型的建立与应力分析

目的建立上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞全瓷嵌体修复的计算机三维实体模型和有限元模型,并进行应力分析,以期为临床全瓷嵌体修复提供理论参考。方法利用Micro-CT扫描获得牙体原始数据,建立上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞全瓷嵌体修复的三维有限元模型,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0计算分析牙釉质、牙本质、嵌体及粘结剂层的最大主应力。结果建立了包含牙釉质、牙本质、牙髓腔、牙周膜、嵌体及粘结剂层的上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞嵌体修复的精细三维有限元模型。牙釉质的应力集中部位在洞型龈壁的位置,最大主应力值为10.52MPa;牙本质的应力集中部位在牙本质近牙髓腔的位置,最大主应力值为3.76 MPa;嵌体的应力集中部位在其与龈壁对应的位置及嵌体底面,最大主应力值为5.82 MPa。结论上颌前磨牙Ⅱ类洞全瓷嵌体修复后,牙釉质的薄弱部位在龈壁;牙本质的薄弱部位在窝洞底部近牙髓腔的位置;嵌体的薄弱部位在其与龈壁对应的位置。     

垫底厚度对全瓷嵌体修复应力分布影响的三维有限元分析

目的 通过对不同垫底厚度上颌前磨牙全瓷嵌体修复进行三维有限元分析,了解垫底厚度对全瓷嵌体修复应力分布的影响.方法 建立垫底厚度分别为0.5mm,1.0mm和1.5mm的上颌前磨牙邻(牙合)面缺损嵌体修复三维有限元模型,采用3种垫底材料,应用ANSYS10.0有限元分析软件,计算分析应用3种不同厚度垫底时,嵌体和剩余牙体组织的应力分布状况.结果 随着垫底厚度的变化,嵌体、牙釉质和牙本质的最大拉应力,以及粘结剂层的最大剪切力均发生变化.嵌体的最大拉应力、粘结剂层的最大剪切力随着垫底厚度的增加而逐渐增加,当垫底厚度为0.5mm时牙釉质中的最大拉应力最小,而牙本质中的最大拉应力最大.使用不同垫底材料时,随垫底厚度增加,嵌体中的最大拉应力上升的幅度有所不同,玻璃离子垫底组上升的幅度最大,复合体组次之,树脂垫底组上升幅度不明显.结论 弹性模量较低的垫底材料其厚度的变化对嵌体应力改变的影响明显,弹性模量高的垫底材料其厚度的变化对嵌体应力改变的影响不明显.     

不同大小MO洞型复合树脂嵌体修复应力分布的有限元分析

目的 探讨复合树脂嵌体修复后,近中邻（meiso-occlusal,MO）洞型面深度及宽度变化对牙体抗力的影响。方法采用锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）扫描,结合Mimics、Geomagic Studio逆向工程等软件,建立不同大小邻（II类）MO洞型树脂嵌体修复的三维有限元模型,用ANSYS Workbench软件网格划分并求解分析各模型内部牙体及嵌体在垂直、舌向45°加载下主应力峰值及Von-mises应力分布情况。结果大小不同的MO洞型以复合树脂嵌体修复时,龈壁对应处是嵌体的主要应力所在,洞底部近髓腔处是牙体的主要应力集中区。随着面洞型深度、宽度增加,牙体、修复体的最大应力峰值及Von-mises应力集中区分布范围加大;牙体Von-mises应力受洞型宽度的影响更大,嵌体的Von-mises应力受洞型深度增加影响更大。侧向加载大大增加了牙体和修复体的应力峰值。结论MO洞型以树脂嵌体修复后,洞深、洞宽度加大及侧向加载增加了牙体与嵌体的应力峰值,改变了应力集中区分布范围。     

Comparison of wear and temperature of zirconia and tungsten carbide tools in drilling bone: in vitro and finite element analysis

Drilling is extensively used in operations on bones and dental implants, and yet poses a considerable challenge because it can damage cells as well as cause mechanical and thermal stresses to the bone. The goal of this study was to assess the temperature changes and instrument wear using both zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) ceramics and tungsten carbide (WC) tools using a 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of bone drilling. The wear of conical burrs made from ZrO₂ and tungsten carbide was measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image processing software. Temperature was measured by an infrared thermometer. As well as 3-dimensional FEA, the temperature and wear of the burrs was predicted with the aid of the Johnson-Cook model for bone material properties. Comparison between the ZrO₂ and WC burrs using SEM showed that the ZrO₂ burr was less worn than the WC burr (p = 0.044) and there was significant difference in temperature between the two (p = 0.020). We conclude that ZrO₂ tools are a suitable alternative to WC, particularly in superficial drilling with coolant, as they wear less than the WC tools. The results of the FEA successfully predicted the variation in temperature and the wear on the tools.     

Validation of in-vitro tests of zirconia-ceramic inlay-retained fixed partial dentures: A finite element analysis

Objective

In the past, discrepancies between laboratory results and clinical behavior have been observed for all-ceramic restorations. This analysis of fracture resistance of zirconia-based inlay-retained fixed partial dentures (IRFPDs) aimed at identifying correlations between an in-vitro test setup and the clinical situation. The effects of tooth material, tooth mobility, restoration design, load direction, and different cements were taken into account.

Comparative evaluation of stress distribution and transverse displacement of novel designs of miniplates for sagittal split ramus osteotomy in 10 mm advancements: a finite element analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution and displacement values of six different miniplate systems in large mandibular advancement after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with finite element analysis (FEA). A three-dimensional model of a mandible was created and a 10 mm advancement SSRO was simulated. The model was fixed using a four-hole miniplate, a six-hole miniplate, a newly designed six-hole miniplate and their curved versions. Maximum principal stress values for bone, von Mises stress values for osteosynthesis materials, and the amount of displacement between segments were measured. The highest von Mises value was observed in the curved version of the newly designed six-hole miniplate; the lowest value was detected in the four-hole curved miniplate. The lowest value of maximum principal stress in the bone was found in the curved version of the novel design six-hole miniplate. The least displacements between segments were also recorded in the new design of straight miniplate; therefore, for large mandibular advancement surgery, this novel six-hole miniplate may be a promising option with positive biomechanical characteristics.     

Effects of washer on the stress distribution of mini-implant: A finite element analysis

Objective:To investigate the biomechanical effects of ‘washer’ designed for improving mini-implant stability.Materials and Methods:Four three-dimensional finite element models of the mini-implant and surrounding bone were constructed with washers in different spike lengths (1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 2.5 mm). The force was applied in two directions (45° and 90°). The stress distribution on surrounding bone and the displacement of the mini-implant were analyzed. Plots of tensile stress, compression stress, and displacement were calculated, and maximum values in each category were analyzed.Results:The stress distribution was different between the models with washer and without washer. However, no remarkable differences in stress distribution were observed among the models with washer, regardless of spike length. A significantly greater displacement value was observed in the model without washer compared to the models with washer, but no notable difference in displacement value was found among the models with washer. The plots of the displacement distribution of the models with washer presented notable pattern differences as compared with that of the model without washer.Conclusion:With the use of the washer, a more homogeneous distribution of bone stress and less displacement of the mini-implant can be achieved.     

Stress analysis of endodontically treated teeth restored with post-retained crowns: A finite element analysis study

BackgroundThe authors conducted a study to analyze the stress concentration areas in a tooth restored with a post-retained crown under various conditions.Materials and MethodsThe authors constructed a three-dimensional finite element model describing a maxillary second premolar restored with an all-ceramic crown supported by a titanium post and a resin-based composite core. They applied static vertical and horizontal loads of 100 newton to the cusp tip of the crown and recorded Von Mises and tensile stress values. The variables investigated were the presence of the post, coronal and apical post extensions, post diameter, post shape, and post and core material.ResultsThe study results showed that horizontal loading generated higher levels of stress than did vertical loading. The greatest stress levels were concentrated at the cervical region and at the post-dentin interface in all models. Under both loads, a higher modulus of elasticity of the post material and a wider post diameter were associated with increased stress values at the post-dentin interface. Reduction of the post extension above the level of bone was associated with increased dentinal stresses near the apex of the post.ConclusionsAlthough endodontic posts provide retention for coronal restorations, they result in dentinal stress values higher than those of crowns without posts. Posts that had a similar modulus of elasticity to dentin and smaller diameters were associated with better stress distribution. Resting coronal restorations on sound dental tissues affected stress distribution more than did the core material or the length of the coronal post extension.Clinical ImplicationsMany factors influence the distribution of stress within dentin and, consequently, the fracture resistance of teeth restored with post-retained crowns. Clinicians need to keep these factors in mind when performing endodontic procedures that involve placement of post-retained crowns to ensure optimal success.     

无托槽隐形矫治器整体内收上颌前牙的三维有限元分析

目的:研究无托槽隐形矫治器整体内收上颌前牙过程中上颌前牙所受的应力情况及初始移动规律.方法:采用CBCT扫描已拔除双侧上颌第一前磨牙患者,建立上牙列、牙周膜及牙槽骨的初始复合体模型.激光扫描患者牙冠外形并与初始模型三维重叠建立终模型.应用ANSYS Workbench软件分析安装无托槽隐形矫治器时上颌前牙的应力分布及初始位移趋势.结果:建立了具有高仿真度的上颌复合体三维有限元模型;上颌双侧中切牙及侧切牙初始位移趋势一致,表现为远中舌向倾斜移动,且均有伸长趋势,其牙周膜应力分布与其位移趋势相一致;上颌双侧尖牙表现为远中倾斜移动趋势.结论:无托槽隐形矫治器在整体内收上颌前牙时,上颌前牙均表现为倾斜移动,且有伸长趋势.     

The role of cortical zone level and prosthetic platform angle in dental implant mechanical response: A 3D finite element analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different dental implant neck geometries, under a combined compressive/shear load using finite element analysis (FEA). The implant neck was positioned in D2 quality bone at the crestal level or 2 mm below.MethodsOne dental implant (4.2 × 9 mm) was digitized by reverse engineering techniques using micro CT and imported into Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces were reconstructed, generating a 3D volumetric model similar to the digitized implant. Three different models were generated with different implant neck configurations, namely 0°, 10° and 20°. D2 quality bone, composed of cortical and trabecular structure, was modeled using data from CT scans. The implants were included in the bone model using a Boolean operation. Two different fixture insertion depths were simulated for each implant: 2 mm below the crestal bone and exactly at the level of the crestal bone. The obtained models were imported to FEA software in STEP format. Von Mises equivalent strains were analyzed for the peri-implant D2 bone type, considering the magnitude and volume of the affected surrounding cortical and trabecular bone. The highest strain values in both cortical and trabecular tissue at the peri-implant bone interface were extracted and compared.ResultsAll implant models were able to distribute the load at the bone-implant contact (BIC) with a similar strain pattern between the models. At the cervical region, however, differences were observed: the models with 10° and 20° implant neck configurations (Model B and C), showed a lower strain magnitude when compared to the straight neck (Model A). These values were significantly lower when the implants were situated at crestal bone levels. In the apical area, no differences in strain values were observed.SignificanceThe implant neck configuration influenced the strain distribution and magnitude in the cortical bone and cancellous bone tissues. To reduce the strain values and improve the load dissipation in the bone tissue, implants with 10° and 20 neck configuration should be preferred instead of straight implant platforms.     

(牙合)面厚度与肩台宽度连续变化的下颌第一磨牙全瓷冠三维有限元分析

目的 探讨(牙合)面厚度和肩台宽度同时连续变化情况下下颌第一磨牙全瓷冠的优化设计,以期为全瓷冠的临床设计提供理论基础.方法 运用逆向工程及计算机辅助设计技术建立(牙合)面厚度和肩台宽度连续变化的下颌第一磨牙三维有限元模型,设定(牙合)面厚度变化范围为1～3 mm,肩台宽度变化范围为0.4～1.2 mm,并在全瓷冠颊尖垂直向(牙合)面加载225 N的力,观察验面厚度和肩台宽度同时变化对全瓷冠、粘接剂、基牙、牙周膜和牙槽骨等效应力峰值的影响,同时进行灵敏度分析.结果 随着(牙合)面厚度和肩台宽度的增加,除牙周膜和牙槽骨的等效应力峰值无明显变化外,全瓷冠、粘接剂和基牙的等效应力峰值均下降.当(牙合)面厚度≥1.87 mm、肩台宽度≥0.66 mm时,全瓷冠、粘接剂和基牙的应力响应曲线斜率均位于-1～1之间,即在此区间内等效应力峰值变化相对较小.灵敏度分析显示,肩台宽度对全瓷冠和基牙等效应力峰值的影响较大,(牙合)面厚度对粘接剂等效应力峰值的影响较大.结论 在本项研究所设定的参数范围内,下颌第一磨牙全瓷冠的(牙合)面厚度应不小于1.87 mm,肩台宽度应不小于0.66 mm.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of different occlusal thickness and shoulder finish line depth on stress distribution of all-ceramic crowns and to select optimal occlusal thickness and shoulder finish line depth using continuous variation of parameters. Methods This analysis was performed using mandibular first molar finite element modl. The range of occlusal thickness was set from 1 mm to 3 mm, and that of shoulder finish line depth was from 0. 4 mm to 1.2 mm. Load of 225 N was applied perpendicularly to the occlusal surface of the tooth at all buccal cusps to simulate functional occlusal force. The maximum equivalent stresses in crown, cement layer, abutment, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone were calculated, and the sensitivities of stresses to the variables were also evaluated. Results The maximum equivalent stresses in crown, cement layer and abutment decreased as occlusal thickness and shoulder finish line depth were increased, while no obvious change were found in maximum equivalent stresses in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. When occlusal thickness exceeded 1.87 mm and shoulder finish line depth exceeded 0. 66 mm,the tangent slope rate of the maximum equivalent stress response curves ranged from - 1 to 1. Data indicated that occlusal thickness played a more important role in reducing maximum equivalent stress in cement layer than finish line depth did, and shoulder finish line depth was a more effective parameter in reducing maximum equivalent stress in crown and abutment than occlusal thickness was. Conclusions Occlusal thickness exceeding 1.87 mm and shoulder finish line depth exceeding 0. 66 mm are optimal design for ceramic crown on mandibular first molar from biomechanical point of view.     

Biomechanical optimisation of the length ratio of the two endosseous portions in distraction implants: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Insufficient alveolar height is one of the most common problems in oral implantation, and it may preclude placement of an implant or compromise the final aesthetic outcome of the restoration. To solve this problem, distraction implants (DIs) have been introduced because they can fulfill the functions of bony augmentation and implantation simultaneously and facilitate the operation, minimise the trauma, and shorten the duration of treatment. However, the high risk of complications such as device fracture from uneven distribution of stress or transport bone resorption from insufficient blood supply, has impeded their clinical use. As the cortical transport portion of the DI is more important for bearing occlusal force than the apical support portion, and the length of the transport portion is normally the height of the transport bone segment, lengthening the transport portion may help to obtain a rational distribution of stress and increase the blood supply to the transport bone. For those cases in which alveolar height is limited, the dimension of the DI must be minimised to be applicable, so it is important to find an optimised balance between the lengths of the transport and support portions for a better performance. We have made a finite element analysis to optimise the length ratio of transport:support portions. The effects of the length ratios on the stress distribution in the jawbones were evaluated. A ratio of 8:2 showed the minimum stress and most resistance to displacement. These results provide a valuable reference for further improvement of designs of DI and help to promote its clinical application.     

桩核粘结剂的有限元优化设计分析

目的：利用Ansys的Design Xplorer模块分析桩核粘结剂对牙根牙本质应力状况的影响。方法：将桩核粘结剂的弹性模量（变量W）和粘结,层厚度（变量H）同时设为优化目标,进行双目标稳健分析,研究其对牙根应力峰值（EQV）的影响。结果：W在7.5-14.5GPa之间变化时,EQV变化幅度为0.8%;W在1-7.5GPa之间时,EQV变化幅度为8.3%;W在14.5-20GPa之间时,EQV变化幅度为4.5%。当W取中间值,H在0.01-0.30mm之间时,EQV变化幅度仅为3.0%。W对牙根EQV应力峰值的敏感度为96.5%,H敏感度为3.5%。结论：桩核粘结剂对牙根的应力影响主要取决于其弹性模量;当桩核粘结剂的弹性模量在7.5-14.5GPa之间时,牙根应力值较小。     

Effect of different coping designs on all-ceramic crown stress distribution: A finite element analysis

Objective

To investigate the effect of differential coping designs on the stress distributions of an all-ceramic crown on, the upper central incisor under varying loads.

Methods

3D finite element models with three differential coping designs of an all-ceramic crown on, the upper central incisor were constructed using CAD (computer aided design) software. The coping, designs included: CC (conventional coping), MCL (modified coping without veneer coverage in lingual, surface) and MCM (modified coping without veneer coverage in lingual margin). Loading that, simulated the maximum bite force (200 N) was applied to the crown at differential locations (incisal, edge, lingual fossa and lingual margin). The first principal stress values for the full crown were, calculated and expressed as stress intensity in MPa.

Results

The simulations showed the stress distribution tendencies of the all-ceramic crown with, differential coping materials were similar. The stress concentration was found in the cervical region, coping/veneer layer interface and the loading area for both the coping layer and the veneer layer. Maximal stress value was observed in the loading area. Stress values varied for the three types of, coping designs; however, compared with CC and MCM, MCL exhibited the lowest stress values.

Significance

Modified coping without veneer coverage in the lingual side (MCL) proved promising in, preventing all-ceramic crown failures that originate from veneering porcelain, especially under, abnormal occlusal force.     

Occlusal stress distribution and remaining crack propagation of a cracked tooth treated with different materials and designs: 3D finite element analysis

ObjectiveHere we used 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to analyze and directly compare stress distribution and crack propagation in identical cracked tooth models after treatment with various materials and designs.MethodsA 3D model of a cracked tooth was generated. We then applied eight restoration models, comprising combinations of three kinds of restoration designs (inlay, onlay, and crown) and four types of restoration materials (direct composite resin, indirect composite resin, ceramic, and gold). A 1000-N occlusal load was applied on the three reference points of the ball-shaped part in the direction of the longitudinal axis, causing crack line separation in the buccolingual direction. Stress distribution was analyzed on the occlusal surface, bottom level of the restoration, and mesiodistal longitudinal section. The stress on the lower margin of the crack surface was measured at 15 points on each model.ResultsCeramic inlay and onlay showed stress concentration at the restoration bottom, and low stress on the lower margin of the crack surface. Direct and indirect resin restorations exhibited low stress on the restoration bottom, and high stress on the proximal end of the lower margin of the crack surface. With a resin-unfilled gold crown, stress was concentrated on the crown bottom and the lower margin of the crack surface. Direct resin filling inside the gold crown yielded significantly decreased stress on both areas.SignificanceOur results suggest that inlay and onlay ceramic restorations, and gold crown with resin filling inside, are advantageous methods for preventing further crack propagation.     

Biomechanical evaluation of sagittal maxillary internal distraction osteogenesis in unilateral cleft lip and palate patient and noncleft patients: A three-dimensional finite element analysis

Objective:To compare the pattern and amount of stress and displacement during maxillary sagittal distraction osteogenesis (DO) between a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and a noncleft patient.Materials and Methods:Three-dimensional finite element models for both skulls were constructed. Displacements of the surface landmarks and stress distributions in the circummaxillary sutures were analyzed after an anterior displacement of 6 mm was loaded to the elements where the inferior plates of the distractor were assumed to be fixed and were below the Le Fort I osteotomy line.Results:In sagittal plane, more forward movement was found on the noncleft side in the UCLP model (−6.401 mm on cleft side and −6.651 mm on noncleft side for the central incisor region). However, similar amounts of forward movement were seen in the control model. In the vertical plane, a clockwise rotation occurred in the UCLP model, whereas a counterclockwise rotation was seen in the control model. The mathematical UCLP model also showed higher stress values on the sutura nasomaxillaris, frontonasalis, and zygomatiomaxillaris on the cleft side than on the normal side.Conclusions:Not only did the sagittal distraction forces produce advancement forces at the intermaxillary sutures, but more stress was also present on the sutura nasomaxillaris, sutura frontonasalis, and sutura zygomaticomaxillaris on the cleft side than on the noncleft side.