Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas associated with elevated CA 19-9 levels

An extremely rare case of a lymphoepithelial cyst associated with persistent elevation of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels is described. A 72-year-old man was incidentally found to have a cystic tumor in the uncus of the pancreas and to have a high serum CA 19-9 level. At 2-year follow up, the tumor size had gradually increased and the high CA 19-9 level persisted. Because the malignant potential of the tumor could not be ruled out, a laparotomy was performed. The tumor was excised from the pancreas. On pathological examination, the tumor was proven to be a lymphoepithelial cyst. After the operation, the patient’s serum CA 19-9 level decreased to the normal range. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas are a rare, benign entity. They are true pancreatic cysts, characterized by a mature, keratinizing, squamous lining surrounded by lymphoid tissue. Because the treatment options and the prognosis of these entities are quite different from those of other cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, preoperative differential diagnosis is the main issue. Thus, although they are rare, lymphoepithelial cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic tumors of the pancreas.     

Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas

We experienced a rare case of lymphoepithelial cyst of pancreas. The patient was a 68-year-old man in whom a cystic lesion in the pancreas was detected when he was admitted for chronic renal failure. On ultrasonography, we detected a cystic lesion, 3 cm in diameter, with a septum, in head and body of the pancreas. On both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the cystic lesion did not show solid components. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed no abnormality in the pancreatic duct and did not detect the cystic lesion. Although the lesion showed no evidence of malignancy on the images, we could not rule out malignancy, since high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were detected. We therefore performed a pancreatoduodenectomy. In the resected specimen, the lesion was a well-circumscribed and multilocular cyst that contained yellowish-white keratinous material and had no solid components. Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of mature keratinizing squamous epithelium and lymphoid tissue; it was diagnosed as a benign lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas.     

Cystic lymphoepithelial lesions of the pancreas and peripancreatic region: Report of two cases

Two cases of an extremely rare cystic lymphoepithelial lesion of a lymph node associated with the pancreas are presented herein. The first patient was a 57-year-old woman with a serous cystoadenoma who underwent resection of the body and tail of pancreas, and the other patient was a 75-year-old woman with cancer of the papilla of Vater who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Both lesions were incidentally found during pathologic examination of lymph nodes from the peripancreatic region. Histologically, there were many scattered nests of the lymphoepithelial lesion in the lymphoid stroma, each of which was lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The pathological structure was found to resemble the lymphoepithelial lesion of the pancreas. Although the histogenesis is unknown, we hypothesize that the lesion might have arisen from squamous metaplasia of a benign epithelial inclusion such as the pancreatic duct of an ectopic pancreas in a peripancreatic lymph node. Therefore, a cystic lesion formed as a result of keratinization of the squamous epithelium with invasion into the pancreas could become a lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas.     

Enteric duplication cyst of the pancreas with duplicated pancreatic duct

Enteric duplication cyst is one of the rarest forms of cystic lesion of the pancreas. We report a unique case of an enteric duplication cyst of the pancreas that was communicating with a duplicated pancreatic duct. A 7-year-old girl with severe acute abdominal pain was found to have a large cyst that was smoothly communicating with the dilated pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail. Analysis of cyst fluid showed elevated levels of amylase, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9, and no epithelial cells. Intraoperative cyst pancreatography revealed that the pancreatic duct was duplicated in the tail: 1 duct was communicating with the cyst, and the other was dilated within the pancreatic tail. The patient underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy and complete cyst excision without complication. Because preoperative diagnosis of duplication cyst of the pancreas is difficult, this condition should be considered during differential diagnosis of atypical cystic lesions of the pancreas. Complete excision is desirable for the management of duplication cyst of the pancreas.     

Secretion and expression of epithelial markers supports the biliary origin of solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver in infancy

Solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver (SNPCL) is rare in children. Although there are several hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis, the true origin of SNPCL remains unknown. The authors present an infant with a huge SNPCL in whom the epithelial markers, CA19-9, DU-PAN-2, and SPan-1, were elevated in the serum and cystic fluid. The presence of CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 was shown by immunohistochemistry in the cystic epithelia. These indicate that the classical idea of biliary origin of SNPCL is supported.     

Familial Epidermoid Cysts of the Spleen: Report of Two Cases

The familial occurrence of epidermoid cysts of the spleen is rare, with only six cases having ever been reported, to our knowledge. We recently diagnosed epidermoid cysts of the spleen in a mother and son. First, a 15-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital for management of blunt abdominal trauma. Computed tomography (CT) showed a ruptured large splenic cyst with an intraabdominal hematoma. We performed a splenectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the existence of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen. About 2 years and 6 months later, the family physician found that the patient's 41-year-old mother had a large splenic cyst, and she was referred to our hospital for further investigation. CT showed a 10 × 8 cm cyst occupying most of the spleen. The patient underwent splenectomy, and a pathological diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen was confirmed. Although the etiology of epidermoid cysts of the spleen is unclear, this familial occurrence may support the hypothesis of congenital malformation as a result of genetic change.     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas.

Lymphoepithelial cysts are rare pancreatic lesions. This case report describes the first excision of such a lesion by laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy which is a recognized procedure for treatment of cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Our patient underwent complete excision of the lesion and has enjoyed complete resolution of his symptoms. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy may be a suitable choice for first-line therapy for such lesions.     

Subcarinal bronchogenic cyst with high carbohydrate antigen 19-9 production

In a rare case of bronchogenic cyst with high carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 production, a 57-year-old man with coughing and chest pain was diagnosed with a subcarinal mediastinal tumor. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed an erosive mucosal lesion overlying the area of extrinsic compression at the membranous of the right mainstem bronchus. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was elevated at 1300 U/ml. Thoracotomy showed an encapsulated cyst tightly adhering to the right main bronchus. The cyst was extirpated after ablation at the adherent cystic wall by electrocautery. Although intracystic carbohydrate antigen 19-9 concentration was very high, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and bronchoscopic findings returned to normal postoperatively. The histological diagnosis was consistent with a bronchogenic cyst and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 could be immunohistochemically demonstrated within its epithelium.     

Management of chronic pancreatitis with pancreas cyst by endoscopic pancreatic prosthesis

Summary Cases of chronic pancreatitis accompanied by stenosis or dilation of the pancreatic duct were treated by endoscopic placement of an endoprosthesis and drainage. The purpose of the treatment was the alleviation of pain, restoration of extrapancreatic secretion and retardation of the progression of inflammation. The procedure was performed successfully in 9 of 13 patients, using an endoscopically placed pigtail prosthesis in the pancreatic duct. The successfully treated patients consisted of 9 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 2 cases being pancreas divisum. After disappearance of the symptoms and abnormal endoscopic findings, the drainage tubes were removed after a period of 5–12 months. No serious complications were encountered. Following the procedure, an improvement in appetite and increase of 2–13 kg in body weight was recognized. This method yielded satisfactory results in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy for lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas

Lymphoepithelial tumors of the pancreas are rare cystic tumors characterized by the presence of a keratinizing squamous epithelium and a dense lymphoid infiltrate on histologic examination. This case report describes the first lymphoepithelial tumor to be resected from the pancreatic head by pancreaticoduodenectomy. This case is also the first in which the cyst was found to be secondarily infected. The radiologic and clinicopathologic features of these unusual tumors are discussed.     

十二种肿瘤标志物联合检测在胆管癌诊断中的价值

目的 了解肿瘤标志物的联合检测和分析对胆管癌鉴别诊断的价值.方法 应用蛋白芯片技术同时检测 CA19-9,CEA,CA242,CA153,Bata-HCG,AFP,Free-PSA,Ferritin,NSE,PSA,CA125和HGH共12种肿瘤标志物在受试者血清中的表达.试验分三组:胆管癌组64例,胆道结石病组86例,正常对照组547例.结果 12种肿瘤标志物总的表达强度和阳性率为胆管癌组＞胆管结石病组＞健康对照组.胆管癌组中CA19-9,AFP,CEA,CA242和CA125的表达强度显著高于胆道结石病组(P＜0.05).同时胆管癌组中CA19-9、CEA和Bata-HCG的阳性率也明显高于胆道结石病组(P＜0.05).CA19-9、CA242和CEA对胆管癌诊断的敏感性均高于50%,其中CA19-9的敏感性最高达75.0%.CA19-9、CA242、CEA和CA125特异性和准确性均高于50%,其中以CA19-9的准确性最高,达60.7%.肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CEA、CA242和CA125与胆管结石相比较的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.574、0.555、0.554和0.551.结论 CA19-9、CEA、CA242和CA125在胆管癌诊断中具有较低的准确性,难以与胆管结石鉴别,诊断价值有限.     

胆管细胞性肝癌的临床特征

目的探讨胆管细胞性肝癌的发病机制、临床表现和诊断方法。方法对2003年1月至2009年4月间本院收治的70例胆管细胞性肝癌患者进行临床回顾性分析。结果 70例中合并肝内胆管结石者占41.42%,结石与肿瘤位于相同区域者占79.17%。乙肝阳性者占30%。血清学检查CA19-9阳性率为79.06%,AFP阳性率为12.28%。CT和MRI检查诊断率分别为84.78%和80%。行根治性手术者占40%。腹腔淋巴结转移者占12.86%;肝内转移者占30%;门静脉一级分支浸润或癌栓形成者占22.86%;邻近器官侵犯者占21.43%。结论胆管细胞性肝癌的发病与肝内胆管结石具有相关性,CT、MRI及CA19-9检测是较敏感的检查手段,本病侵袭性强,根治性手术率低。本病与肝细胞性肝癌及其他部位胆管癌有明显差异,需明确特点,改进预防、诊断和治疗方式。     

胆管良性疾病中CA19-9明显升高10例报道

目的报道10例血清CA19-9明显升高的胆管良性疾病病例。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2006年3月期间我院收治并经手术证实的10例血清CA19-9明显升高(>500U/ml)的胆管良性病变病例。结果患者中男4例,女6例,年龄30～85岁,CA19-9为532.32～12000.00U/ml,除1例患者CA125轻度升高外,其他患者血清CEA、CA125及AFP均正常。胆总管结石8例,肝内胆管结石1例,原发性硬化性胆管炎1例;除1例外均存在不同程度阻塞性黄疸。经治疗后8例CA19-9水平在30d内降至正常,另2例分别于术后2个月和3个月内降至正常。结论CA19-9在胆管恶性肿瘤诊断方面的意义仍需进一步研究。     

CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值

目的:探讨CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌可切除性评估中的价值。方法:将85例胰腺癌患者,根据治疗方式分为根治切除组、姑息手术治疗组与非手术治疗组,分析多层螺旋CT、CA19-9及二者联合在评估胰腺癌可切除性中的作用。结果:以CA19-9大于200作为评估不可切除的临界值,CA19-9评估胰腺癌可切除的准确率为65.6%,不可切除的准确率为56.6%。非手术治疗组CA19-9水平与根治切除组、姑息手术治疗组比较存在显著差异(P0.05)。多层螺旋CT对判断胰腺癌可切除的准确率为71.4%,不可切除的准确率为77.4%。二者联合对胰腺癌可切除性评估的准确率为78.6﹪,不可切除的准确率为95.7﹪。结论:CA19-9联合多层螺旋CT可以更好的评估胰腺癌的可切除性。     

阿霉素对人胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201的生物学特性的影响

目的观察阿霉素长时间作用对胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201生物学活性的影响。方法用2μg/ml的阿霉素同一浓度逐渐延长时间作用于人胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201细胞,经反复作用筛选出能在含1μg/ml的阿霉素培养液中生存72h,去掉阿霉素后仍能继续稳定传代生长的细胞。无药培养1月后进行生物学行为的监测。观察细胞形态学,绘制生长曲线和流式细胞仪测定细胞周期,酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞的肿瘤标记物,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内的阿霉素的荧光强度。结果阿霉素作用后FRH-0201细胞形态学有轻度改变,细胞倍增时间较亲本细胞延长3h,与亲本细胞相比S期细胞增多16.89%,G1期细胞减少29.33%、G2期细胞增多12.46%。CA125和CA19-9试验组和亲本组分别为9.14和8.60U/ml,1.59和2.96U/ml,细胞内阿霉素浓度(荧光强度平均值),亲本细胞为1764.8,试验组细胞为305.4。结论阿霉素对胆管癌细胞株FRH-0201的形态学及倍增时间无明显影响,但使细胞进入S期、G2期的增多,细胞内药物浓度明显降低,生长时间无明显变化。     

A diaphragmatic retroperitoneal cyst

Diaphragmatic lesions are usually congenital bronchogenic cysts. A patient with a known diaphragmatic cyst presented with new onset right upper quadrant pain. Repeat imaging showed enlargement of the cyst, the CA19–9 cancer marker was raised at 312iu/ml (normal: <27iu/ml) and positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography showed focally increased uptake in the cystic wall. In view of symptoms and risk of neoplasia, the lesion was excised. Histology showed a benign epidermoid cyst. Features falsely suggesting neoplasia have been reported previously with benign splenic cysts but not with a benign diaphragmatic epidermoid cyst.     

术前减黄治疗对梗阻性黄疸患者CA19-9的影响

目的 探讨术前减黄治疗对梗阻性黄疸患者CA19-9和TBil的影响,为梗阻性黄疸患者的鉴别诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2008年7月成都军区总医院收治的32例梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料.分析17例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者(恶性梗阻组)和15例良性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者(良性梗阻组)通过PTBD进行减黄治疗前后的CAl9-9和TBil的变化情况.采用t检验分析数据.结果 经减黄治疗后,恶性梗阻组患者的TBil由(27l±74)μmol/L下降到(144±33)μmol/L,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.52,P<0.05);CA19-9由(277±114)U/ml下降到(264±98) U/ml,治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.34,P>0.05).良性梗阻组患者的TBil和CA19-9均下降明显,分别由(245±67)μmol/L下降到(135±43)μmol/L和(239±103)U/ml下降到(117±84)U/ml,两种指标治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.30,3.54,P<0.05).结论 对梗阻性黄疸患者术前进行减黄治疗,动态观察血清CA19-9变化情况,有利于梗阻性黄疸患者的鉴别诊断.     

术前减黄治疗对梗阻性黄疸患者CA19-9的影响

目的 探讨术前减黄治疗对梗阻性黄疸患者CA19-9和TBil的影响,为梗阻性黄疸患者的鉴别诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2008年7月成都军区总医院收治的32例梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料.分析17例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者(恶性梗阻组)和15例良性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者(良性梗阻组)通过PTBD进行减黄治疗前后的CAl9-9和TBil的变化情况.采用t检验分析数据.结果 经减黄治疗后,恶性梗阻组患者的TBil由(27l±74)μmol/L下降到(144±33)μmol/L,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.52,P<0.05);CA19-9由(277±114)U/ml下降到(264±98) U/ml,治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.34,P>0.05).良性梗阻组患者的TBil和CA19-9均下降明显,分别由(245±67)μmol/L下降到(135±43)μmol/L和(239±103)U/ml下降到(117±84)U/ml,两种指标治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.30,3.54,P<0.05).结论 对梗阻性黄疸患者术前进行减黄治疗,动态观察血清CA19-9变化情况,有利于梗阻性黄疸患者的鉴别诊断.     

血清CA19-9评价胰腺癌患者放疗疗效的应用价值

目的:探讨通过检测立体定向放射治疗前后胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9的变化评价胰腺癌患者的放射治疗疗效及判断预后.方法:采外周血用电化学发光法测定40例胰腺癌患者放射治疗前后血清中CA19-9的含量和30例健康人血清中CA19-9的含量.结果:立体定向放射治疗前胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9含量为(128.06±82.46)U/ml,较健康人血清中CA19-9含量(36.32±19.36)U/ml明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0 01);立体定向放射治疗后胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9含量为(52.72±55.62)U/ml,较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后完全及部分缓解的患者其CA19-9水平为(35.43±18.22)U/ml,明显低于治疗后稳定甚至进展的患者 (71.55±63.28)U/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0 05).结论:立体定向放射治疗能明显下调胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9水平,成为中晚期胰腺癌治疗的主要手段; CA19-9可作为胰腺癌诊断、疗效观察和判断预后的重要客观指标.