初诊原发性干燥综合征86例临床研究

目的 探讨初诊原发性干燥综合征(pSS)的临床特点,旨在提高对pSS的早期诊断水平.方法 对2006～2007本院86例旨次诊断为pSS的住院患者临床表现及实验室指标进行回顾总结.结果 除口干、眼干、关节痛外,患者血液系统受累较为多见.18岁以下青少年患者口干、眼干发生率低,而出现发热、淋巴结肿大比例高.抗SSA或SSB抗体阳性患者血液系统损害发生率高,并且红细胞沉降率(ESR)增快、球蛋白或免疫球蛋白G增高、抗核抗体(ANA)及类风湿因子(RF)阳性较抗SSA或SSB抗体阴性患者更多见.结论 干燥综合征(SS)并不是都呈良性疾病过程,部分患者早期即存在重要脏器损伤.年轻患者出现不明原因发热、球蛋白增高、RF阳性者应注意排除SS可能.     

抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体在干燥综合征诊断中的意义及与临床表现的相关性

目的α-胞衬蛋白(α-fodrin)是干燥综合征(SS)患者涎腺组织中的一种特异性自身抗原,本研究应用重组人类α-fodrin抗原、酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定患者血清中的抗α-fodrin抗体,了解抗α-fodrin抗体在SS诊断中的意义及与临床表现的相关性。方法以重组人类α-fodrin为包被抗原,酶联免疫吸附试验定量检测42例原发性干燥综合征(pSS)、24例继发性干燥综合征(sSS)、40例其他结缔组织病、42名正常人血清中的抗α-fodrin抗体。结果以x±5s为标准,α-fodrin抗体在pSS、sSS患者阳性率分别为59.5%、37.5%,在其他结缔组织病和对照组阳性率分别为35.0%、11.3%;抗α-fodrin抗体在SS患者的特异性为79.4%;pSS患者与sSSα-fodrin抗体阳性率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);SS患者与其他结缔组织病阳性率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);在结缔组织病中的阳性率明显高于非结缔组织病和正常人(P<0.01)。抗α-fodrin抗体与pSS或sSS患者临床表现、其他自身抗体无明显相关性,抗α-fodrin抗体阳性患者血IgG水平、血沉(ESR)较抗α-fodrin抗体阴性患者高,P值分别为0.044和0.03。抗SSA抗体和抗核抗体(AN A)均阴性的SS患者抗α-fodrin抗体也均阴性。结论①抗α-fodrin抗体对于pSS或sSS的诊断有一定意义,但是它的特异性和敏感性并不理想。②抗α-     

免疫印迹法检测抗胆碱能毒蕈碱受体3抗体及其在干燥综合征诊断中的意义

目的建立免疫印迹法(WB)检测抗毒蕈碱受体3(M3受体)抗体的方法，探讨该抗体对干燥综合征(SS)诊断的意义。方法建立WB测定抗M3受体抗体的方法，检测80例SS患者、80例其他风湿性疾病及40名正常对照者血清中的抗M3受体抗体，并分析该抗体与SS的临床及实验室指标的关系。结果抗M3受体抗体在80例SS患者中的阳性率为83．8％(67／80)，而在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)及正常人中分别为5．0％(2／40)和2．5％(1／40)，类风湿关节炎(RA)中无1例阳性。抗M3受体抗体对SS的敏感性和特异性分别为83．8％和97．5％，阳性预测值为95．7％，阴性预测值为90．0％。抗M3受体抗体在抗SSA抗体、抗SSB抗体、α-胞衬蛋白抗体阴性的SS患者血清中的阳性率分别为80．0%、82．5％及81．2％。该抗体在抗SSA抗体、抗SSB抗体及α-胞衬蛋白抗体阳性的SS患者血清中的阳性率分别为87．5%、88．2％及85．4%。抗M3受体抗体阳性的SS患者与该抗体阴性的SS患者在口干、眼干、脏器受累的发生率，IgG、IgA、血沉(ESR)升高及抗核抗体(ANA)、类风湿因子(RF)阳性率方面无统计学意义。结论利用sf9细胞表达的重组M3受体蛋白可以检测SS患者血清中的抗M3受体抗体。该抗体是一种对SS诊断较为特异的标记性抗体之一。     

慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染相关性干燥症与原发性干燥综合征临床对比分析

目的研究分析慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染相关性干燥症(SSAHCVI)与原发性干燥综合征(pSS)在临床方面的异同。方法对27例SSAHCVI和56例pSS患者详细记录有无口眼干燥等临床表现,实验室进行血、尿常规、血沉、C反应蛋白,肝、肾功能,有关免疫学项目及其他检查。结果SSAHCVI组和pSS组比较有相似的临床表现,如口眼干燥、关节痛、关节炎、皮肤血管炎、肝脏损害等。不同点SSAHCVI组年龄偏大(60±7)岁vs(56±8)岁,P<0.05;病程短(5.7±2.4)年vs(8.4±1.2)年,P<0.01;男性多见(性别3.5∶1vs1∶7);口干症状明显,P=0.0568;皮肤血管炎如雷诺征,紫癜阳性发生率高;肾小管酸中毒,肺间质病变,萎缩性胃炎,腮腺肿大发生率低;ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL升高发生率高,P<0.01~0.05;ANA、抗SSA/SSB抗体,阳性率低;补体C3、C4下降,冷球蛋白(CG)升高发生率高,P<0.01。结论SSAHCVI患者有别于pSS患者的特点,主要是口干症状明显,肝脏常受累,多伴冷球蛋白血症,肺、肾、胃受累较少,缺乏抗SSA/SSB抗体。     

抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体用于干燥综合征诊断的临床价值

目的研究抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体在诊断干燥综合征(Sjgren syndrome,SS)中的敏感性和特异性,探讨其对诊断SS的临床应用价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测SS组、结缔组织病(connective tissue diseases,CTD)、非CTD对照组血清抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体,分析各组间抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体的敏感性、特异性。结果 SS患者253例,其中原发性干燥综合征(primary Sjgren’s syndrome,p SS)患者204例,继发性干燥综合征(secondary Sjgren’s syndrome,s SS)49例;CTD组60例,其中类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)22例,系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)38例;非CTD对照组105例。SS、p SS、s SS组抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体的敏感性分别为51.4%、52.0%、49.0%;RA、SLE组为18.2%、26.3%;特异性分别为81.8%、74.8%、63.1%、60.6%和60.5%。SS组抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体的敏感性高于RA、SLE组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),p SS组与s SS组敏感性差异无统计学意义(P0.05);非CTD对照组的敏感性低于其余各组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。p SS组抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体的特异性高于其余各组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ANA、抗SSA及抗SSB抗体均阴性SS患者的抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体的阳性率为62.5%。SS患者中抗SSA抗体、抗SSB抗体及抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体阳性患者为42.5%。结论抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体在SS诊断中有一定的临床价值,抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体可作为诊断SS联合检测抗体,在其他抗体阴性的疑诊SS患者具有补充诊断价值。     

抗毒蕈碱受体3多肽抗体测定在干燥综合征诊断中的意义

目的 建立酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测抗毒蕈碱3受体多肽(M3RP)抗体的方法,探讨该抗体在干燥综合征(ss)诊断中的意义.方法 以固相合成的多肽M3RP为包被抗原,ELISA定量检测94例干燥综合征,160例其他结缔组织病及200名正常人血清中的抗M3RP抗体水平,并分析其与SS临床表现的相关性.结果 抗M3RP抗体在原发干燥综合征(pSS)、继发干燥综合征(sSS)患者中阳性率分别为84.6%和81.3%,在其他结缔组织病和正常对照组中的阳性率分别为8.8%和1%.M3RP抗体在SS患者中阳性率显著高于其他结缔组织病患者及正常对照组(P＜O.01).而且,M3RP抗体在pSS和sSS中的特异性均为91.3%.pSS患者与sSS患者抗M3RP抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义.抗M3RP抗体与SS患者临床表现和脏器受累情况无明显相关性.该抗体在抗α-胞衬蛋白、抗SSA、抗SSB和抗核抗体阴性的SS患者中抗M3RP抗体的阻性率分别为85%、89.3%、88.9%和95.2%.在pSS中,抗M3RP抗体阳性的患者血清中IgG水平明显高于抗体阴性的患者.结论 ①ELISA法可检测pSS和sSS患者血清中的抗M3RP抗体,该抗体为诊断SS的较为特异的自身抗体之一.②抗M3RP抗体对其他自身抗体阴性的SS诊断有参考意义.     

原发性和继发性干燥综合征肺间质病变的临床分析

目的了解原发性和继发性干燥综合征(SS)肺间质病变的发生情况、临床特点、肺功能、影像学检查及相关因素,以早期发现SS的肺部病变。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月至2005年7月资料完整的原发性和继发性SS患者136例的临床资料,包括抗SSA抗体和抗SSB抗体,胸部X线、肺高分辨CT(HRCT)、肺功能等。结果①抗SSA抗体阳性的原发性SS(pSS)患者易出现肺间质病变,而且病变较重;②肺HRCT示继发性SS(sSS)肺间质病变程度比pSS肺间质病变程度重,可能受其病程长的影响;③pSS肺间质病变者其肺容量减少、顺应性降低较sSS肺间质病变者更多见,sSS肺间质病变者以阻塞性通气障碍为主,二者肺功能损害均以小气道及弥散功能损害为主。结论SS患者应早期做肺HRCT及肺功能检查,以早期诊断和治疗肺间质病变,尤其是抗SSA抗体阳性pSS患者。     

四种自身抗体在原发性干燥综合征诊断中的合理应用

目的 通过检测SSA抗体、SSB抗体、M,受体蛋白多肽(M]RP)抗体、α-胞衬蛋白IgG抗体在原发性干燥综合征(pSs)的敏感性与特异性,分析4种抗体在pss诊断中的应用价值.方法 选pSS患者110例,类风湿关节炎(RA)患者80例,系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者80例,用斑点法检测所有患者的SSA抗体、SSB抗体,ELISA法检测所有患者的M、RP抗体、α-胞衬蛋白IgG抗体.结果 M3RP抗体、α-胞衬蛋白IgG抗体、SSA抗体、SSB抗体在pSS患者中的敏感性分别为78.2%、77.3%、45.5%、30.9%,均高于RA(6.2%、10.0%、6.2%、0)和SLE患者(9.9%、11.3%、28.8%、5.0%)(P值均小于0.05).SSA抗体、SSB抗体、M,RP抗体、α-胞衬蛋白IgG抗体在pSS患者中的特异性分别为83.8%、97.7%、92.0%、90.0%.M3RP抗体、α-胞衬蛋白抗体在SSA抗体和(或)SSB抗体阴性的pSS患者中的阳性率分别为66.1%、69.5%.SSA抗体或SSB抗体联合M3RP抗体或α-胞衬蛋白抗体,可使pSS诊断的敏感性提高至88.2%,α-胞衬蛋白抗体、M3RP抗体联合检测时敏感性达83.6%.2种抗体联合检测与3种抗体联合检测比较,其对诊断的敏感性、特异性无统计学意义.结论 SSA抗体或SSB抗体联合M3RP抗体和(或)α-胞衬蛋白抗体检测,可明显提高pSS诊断的敏感性.SSB抗体、M3RP抗体、α-胞衬蛋白IgG抗体在pSS诊断中均有较高的特异性.     

抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体在干燥综合征诊断及病情判断中的作用

目的探讨抗α-胞衬蛋白（Fodrin）抗体在干燥综合征（SS）诊断及病情判断中的作用。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测40例原发性SS（pSS）、24例继发性SS（sSS）、32例其他结缔组织病（CTD）和31例非CTD患者血清抗α-Fodrin—IgA、IgG抗体,同时记录SS患者的临床资料。结果抗α-Fodrin-IgA、IgG抗体诊断ss的敏感性分别为31．3％、28．1％,特异性分别为90．5％、88．9％;同时检测两型抗体诊断ss的敏感性显著提高,达48．4％（P〈0．05）。pSS和sSS患者抗α-Fodrin抗体（I型或Ⅱ型）的阳性率均显著高于非CTD组（P〈0．05）;SS患者抗α-Fodrin抗体的出现与临床症状、眼部体征及核素检查显示的唾液腺功能受损无明显相关性（P〉0．05）;抗α-Fodrin抗体阳性患者血清C反应蛋白高于阴性者（P〈0．05）;抗核抗体（ANA）、抗SSA（干燥综合征抗原A）、抗SSB（干燥综合征抗原B）抗体3项阴性的患者抗α-Fodrin抗体阳性率为36．4％。结论抗α-Fodrin抗体特异性较好,对诊断SS有一定参考价值,尤其对于ANA、抗SSA、抗SSB抗体阴性的患者,且可能有助于评估SS病情活动性。     

老年系统性红斑狼疮临床特点分析

目的 探讨老年系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床特点.方法 对比分析32例老年SLE与56例中青年SLE的主要临床表现、实验室检查.结果 老年组出现乏力、发热、肌痛、口眼干燥、浆膜炎、肺部受累、血液系统异常及抗SSA抗体(抗-SSA)、类风湿因子(RF)、免疫球蛋白(Ig)的阳性率与中青年组比较显著增高(P＜0.05);皮疹、雷诺现象、光过敏、肾损害、神经系统受累、补体C3降低及抗双链DNA抗体(抗-dsDNA)、抗Sm抗体(anti-Sm)的阳性率与中青年组比较显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 老年SLE具有轻型化和非典型化的临床特点.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.