阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的睡眠分析

目的 :研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)及单纯鼾症的睡眠结构 ,探讨患者白天嗜睡等症状的原因。方法 :监测OSAS 32例、单纯鼾症 8例及正常对照 18例的睡眠 ,计算NREM、REM睡眠各期所占比例 ,统计呼吸紊乱指数 (RDI)、呼吸暂停指数 (AI)、低通气指数 (HI) ,观察OSAS患者和单纯鼾症在睡眠时总的微觉醒指数 (次 h) (MI)、伴呼吸紊乱的MI、伴腿动的MI、伴鼾声的MI、自发性MI上的差别。结果 :OSAS患者有明显的睡眠结构紊乱 ,其浅睡眠明显增多 ,深睡眠明显减少 ,睡眠结构不全 ,有明显的REM睡眠剥夺现象 ,醒觉时间明显延长 ,OSAS患者在其仅有的浅睡眠中伴有较多的微觉醒 ,并且这种微觉醒伴有较多的腿动和 (或 )呼吸紊乱 ,OSAS患者的自发性微觉醒也明显增多。结论 :OSAS患者睡眠时的睡眠剥夺 ,特别是REM期睡眠剥夺、频繁唤醒、睡眠结构紊乱及呼吸紊乱引起的减血氧引起了脑代谢紊乱 ,是患者白天嗜睡、乏力、记忆力减退的直接原因     

微觉醒与低氧对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并高血压患者昼夜血压的影响

目的　研究睡眠过程中反复发生的微觉醒与低氧是否影响阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)合并高血压患者的昼夜血压水平。方法　 6 0例OSAS患者根据门诊血压、2 4h动态血压和多导睡眠图监测结果分为OSAS合并高血压组 (OSAS +HT组 ,30例 )与单纯OSAS组 (OSAS组 ,30例 )。测定运动微觉醒指数 (MAI)、皮质微觉醒指数 (CAI)、呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)、血氧饱和度低于90 %的时间 (OLT90 %)和 2 4h平均收缩压 (ASBP)与舒张压 (ADBP)。以OSAS +HT组 2 4h平均收缩压与舒张压分别与MAI、CAI、AHI、OLT90 %、体重指数和年龄作多元逐步回归分析。结果　影响OSAS +HT组 2 4h收缩压与舒张压的第一重要因素是MAI(ASBP :r =0 485 ,P <0 0 1;ADBP :r =0 40 7,P <0 0 5 ) ,第二重要因素 :OLT90 %(ASBP :r=0 382 ,P <0 0 5 ;ADBP :r=0 36 9,P <0 0 5 )。结论　反复发生于呼吸暂停终末的运动微觉醒与低氧是影响OSAS合并高血压患者昼夜血压水平的重要因素 ,它们可能是参与OSAS患者长期高血压形成的重要因素。     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并高血压患者动态血压变化的临床研究

目的 :探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)合并高血压患者的动态血压变化。方法 :经睡眠呼吸监测确诊后 ,对OSAS合并高血压患者 30例 ,单纯OSAS患者 2 4例进行 2 4h动态血压观察。结果 :(1)两组在性别、年龄、体重指数方面差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )OSAS合并高血压组的呼吸紊乱指数 (AHI)、血氧饱和度低于 90 %的时间百分比 (STL90 % )等睡眠呼吸检测结果均显著高于单纯OSAS组 ;(3)OSAS合并高血压组 2 4h平均收缩压及舒张压 (ASBP和ADBP)、晨起与睡前收缩压及舒张压 (SBP和DBP)均显著高于单纯OSAS组 ;(4 )OSAS合并高血压组晨起血压较睡前明显增高。结论 :睡眠呼吸紊乱和低氧血症是引起OSAS患者高血压形成的重要因素 ,OSAS合并高血压患者血压整体水平较高 ,晨起舒张压升高尤为明显。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的临床分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）与高血压的关系。方法OSAS伴高血压患者62例,按低氧血症的程度分为3组,监测夜间7 h的多导睡眠图及睡前、醒后血压。结果OSAS合并高血压患者中,重度低氧血症组与轻、中度低氧血症组比较,随血氧饱和度的降低,舒张压明显升高（P〈0.05）,微觉醒指数差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论低氧血症、睡眠微觉醒与高血压有明显相关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间低氧心律失常分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructivesleepapneasyndrome,OSAS)患者夜间低氧与心律失常的关系。方法对37例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和25例单纯鼾症(snore)进行全夜多导睡眠检测。结果OSAS组心率最高值及最低值、心律紊乱(房早、室早、缓慢性心律失常等)、睡前及醒后的血压明显高于snore组。OSAS组氧饱和值低于snore组(P<0.01)。结论阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者较单纯鼾症者夜间缺氧严重,心律紊乱更加明显。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的相关研究

目的探讨老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的关系。方法通过使用多导睡眠仪对32例单纯高血压（HT）患者、38例HT并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者进行氧减饱和指数（ODI）和睡眠呼吸暂停指数（AHI）监测分析，比较组间睡前和晨起血压变化。结果HT合并OSAS组AHI及ODI显著高于单纯HT组及对照组（P〈0．01），该组有更低的血氧饱和度（P〈0．01），HT合并有OSAS与单纯HT组睡前血压无明显差异（P〉0．05），晨起血压HT合并有OSAS组明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论OSAS引起的夜间低氧血症可能是高血压病因之一。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征对高血压患者血压的影响

目的：观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）对高血压患者24h动态血压及血压昼夜节律的影响。方法：102例高血压患者根据多导睡眠仪监测结果分为单纯高血压组（53例）,高血压合并轻度OSAS组（23例）,高血压合并中重度OSAS组（26例）,观察各组的动态血压及血压昼夜节律。结果：高血压合并中重度OSAS组、高血压合并轻度OSAS组与单纯高血压组比较,夜间平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压升高,血压昼夜节律下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停加剧了高血压患者夜间血压的升高及血压昼夜节律异常,应重视对高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者,行24h动态血压监测。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征多导睡眠图分析及短期疗效观察

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的多导睡眠图特征并观察双水平正压通气治疗OSAS的短期疗效。方法 经多导睡眠图检查确诊OSAS患者46例，对照组（单纯鼾症组）12例，分析比较两组睡眠参数。对34例中重度OSAS患者进行睡眠时BiPAP辅助通气并比较治疗前后PSG参数变化。结果 与对照组相比，OSAS患者夜间睡眠结构紊乱，主要为深睡眠减少、浅睡眠相对增加、快速动眼相（REM）睡眠减少、睡眠潜伏期缩短、呼吸暂停或低通气次数增加、夜间平均及最低动脉血氧饱和度下降（P〈0．05）。34例中重度OSAS患者经BiPAP辅助通气后，临床症状显著改善，AHI、夜间平均及最低动脉血氧饱和度、最长呼吸暂停时间较治疗前有显著改善（P〈0．05）。结论 OSAS患者存在睡眠结构紊乱，BiPAP可改善患者的临床症状及睡眠结构，是治疗OSAS的有效手段。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征高血压患者血压变化的临床分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)高血压患者24h血压动态变化特点及可能的发病机制。方法对2006～2008年在我科住院诊治的患者进行问卷调查,监测患者24h动态血氧及血压,选择老年OSAS合并高血压患者组30例、单纯OSAS患者血压正常组30例、无OSAS的高血压患者组20例为研究对象。结果3组患者呼吸紊乱指数、最低血氧饱和度、氧减指数等指标差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),3组患者平均收缩压、平均舒张压差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),3组睡前、晨起收缩压、舒张压比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),OSAS合并高血压组晨起血压较睡前血压明显增高(均P0.05)。结论睡眠呼吸紊乱和低氧血症是引起OSAS患者高血压形成的重要因素,OSAS合并高血压患者血压整体水平较高,晨起舒张压升高尤为明显。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征多导睡眠图分析及短期疗效观察

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的多导睡眠图特征并观察双水平正压通气治疗OSAS的短期疗效.方法经多导睡眠图检查确诊OSAS患者46例,对照组(单纯鼾症组)12例,分析比较两组睡眠参数.对34例中重度OSAS患者进行睡眠时BiPAP辅助通气并比较治疗前后PSG参数变化.结果与对照组相比,OSAS患者夜间睡眠结构紊乱,主要为深睡眠减少、浅睡眠相对增加、快速动眼相(REM)睡眠减少、睡眠潜伏期缩短、呼吸暂停或低通气次数增加、夜间平均及最低动脉血氧饱和度下降(P＜0.05).34例中重度OSAS患者经BiPAP辅助通气后,临床症状显著改善,AHI、夜间平均及最低动脉血氧饱和度、最长呼吸暂停时间较治疗前有显著改善(P＜0.05).结论OSAS患者存在睡眠结构紊乱,BiPAP可改善患者的临床症状及睡眠结构,是治疗OSAS的有效手段.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.