Role of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the activation of heparin secretion by mast cells in stressed rats

A morphometric analysis of mast cell populations in the subcutaneous tissue and mesentery from rats demonstrated stimulation of heparin secretion by adrenocorticotropic hormone. Thirty minutes after the administration of this hormone to unstressed rats, the functional stutus of mast cells did not differ from that of such cells from rats stressed by being immobilized for 30 min after receiving physiological saline instead of the hormone. In contrast, the 30-minute immobilization failed to elicit an adequate secretory response from the mast cells of rats in which the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone had been blocked by dexamethasone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 349–351, October, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Development of aseptic inflammation during the adaptation of the organism to high altitude hypoxia

The dynamics of lipid peroxidation and of the aseptic inflammatory process is studied in rats adapted to high altitude hypoxia. A greater activity and shorter duration of the acute period of inflammation are found in these animals, while in the reparative period stimulation of the proliferative processes and slowed formation of the fibroblast capsule are noted. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 243–246, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Activity of nerve growth factor in rat regenerating liver

Two bioassays of specific activity in the presence and absence of specific antiserum, incubation with pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, proteolytic digestion, and ultrafiltration demonstrate that nerve growth factor isolated from the liver exhibits the basic characteristics of classic mouse nerve growth factor. High activity of this factor is observed in the operated lobe during the first day (3–20 hours) and on days 3–10 of regeneration, i.e., before and after the phase of hepatocyte proliferation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 345–347, March, 1996 Presented by I. B. Zbarskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of low-intensity luminescence on reparative processes in skin wounds in the rat

Low-intensity noncoherent luminescent radiation stimulates reparative processes in soft tissue wounds of rats. The stimulation is dependent on the frequency of light pulsation and the luminescence spectrum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 665–667, June, 1994 Presented by B. A. Korolev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of interferon on the structural organization of rat thymus

Changes in the thymus of male Wistar rats were studied under a light microscope at various times after intranasal administration of α-interferon. The relative mass of the organ, the cortex volume, the total number of cells, the number of small and medium lymphocytes, and the number of mitoses decrease 14 days after interferon administration. At the same time, the number of macrophages, neutrophils, mature plasmacytes, eosinophils, and erythrocytes increases, and mast cells appear. Thus, α-interferon probably suppresses the formation of T cells, facilitates allergization of the organism, and increases the permeability of the vascular endothelium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 609–612, December, 1994     

Dynamics of aseptic inflammation against the background of α-tocopherol

Administration of α-tocopherol before the induction of inflammation reduces the vascular response and inhibits the leukocyte phase, which limits the development of secondary alterations in tissues. During the reparative period fibroblast proliferation is suppressed and differentiation is accelerated, whereas the synthetic activity is lowered. As a result, the formation of the fibroblast capsule is slowed down. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 249–251, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunological responses during the organism's adaptation to a dosed thermal factor

Overheating of mice over the course of 10 and 20 days suppresses the proliferative activity of splenic cells in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and alloantigens. The number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen drops on day 5 of overheating and is still low on days 10–20. Forty days after the start of overheating the functional activity of lymphocytes is restored. Overheating of animals does not change the colony-forming activity of hemopoietic stem cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 502–504, May, 1994 Presented by N. A. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphology of cortical structures in cerebral ischemia and its combination with audiogenic seizures

Studies of the sensorimotor and auditory areas of the brain in rats after ligation of the left common carotid artery reveal polymorphous alterations in cortical vessels, neurons, and glial cells. Compensatory reversible alterations constitute the largest group. In cerebral ischemia combined with audiogenic seizures dystrophic and destructive alterations in cortical elements become more significant. Alterations in cortical structures after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries are more pronounced than those occurring after unilateral occlusion. During the postseizure period after ligation of both arteries, dystrophic and destructive alterations become more severe, while reparative processes are inhibited. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 331–334, September, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Involvement of fibronectin and interacting serum components in the regulation of activity of human natural killer cells

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and the intensity of conjugate formation are studiedin vitro in the natural cytotoxicity reaction against³H-uridine-labeled human erythromyeloleukotic cells K-562 in the presence of fibronectin, γ-globulin, and fibronectin/γ-globulin combination. It is demonstrated that fibronectin does not change natural cytotoxicity, γ-globulin increases the activity of human natural killer cells, and the fibronectin — γ-globulin combination increases both the intensity of conjugate formation and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 54–59, July, 1994     

Time course of the cytotoxicity of blood mononuclears in patients with bladder cancer during endolymphatic immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2

A specific stimulation of mononuclear cellsin vivo was observed after 3 or 4 endolymphatic injections of autologous lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2 in male patients with disseminated bladder cancer. This activation presented as an increase of the cytotoxicity of mononuclears towards target cells of bladder carcinoma. A statistically reliable increase of natural killer activity was observed, and in one patient a reliable increase of the cytolytic activity of mononuclear cells against Mel-1 target cells. After 1 or 2 injections the activity of natural killers increased to 80–90% for an initial level of 23–50%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 188–191, February, 1996 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of osteogenic bone-marrow precursor cells for reparative osteogenesis in the mandible of experimental animals

Using a model of “bony tissue tunnel defect” produced by the removal of a mandibular incisor in rats, it was found that closing the defect with a bioprosthesis prevented the washing out of osteogenic bone marrow precursor cells, which serve as a substrate for reparative osteogenesis, from the mandibular spongy bone. The reparative process was strongly stimulated if the bioprosthesis contained estrone; in this case, the time required for the tooth socket to be filled with osteogenic tissue was shortened by half. When no bone marrow elements were present in the socket, it was filled with fibrotic connective tissue, the number of bone marrow elements in spongy bone cavities was small, and the mandibular osteogenic tissue underwent atrophy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 72–75, January, 1995     

Stimulation of proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16+CD56+ cells) by recombinant interleukin-3in vitro

The proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells) in the presence of 100 and 1000 IU/ml human recombinant interleukin-3 is investigatedin vitro. It is shown that recombinant interleukin-3 reliably enhances natural killer proliferation, causing a 9–15.2-fold increase of³H-thymidine uptake by CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells both in complete culture medium and in conditioned medium. The effect of the factor is 3.9–6.4 and 3.6–8.9-fold more potent than that of recombinant interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively, in the same doses. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 409–412, April, 1995 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of polycation based on alkaloid lupinin-antihepolin and its complex with heparin on DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes

The effect of the antiheparinate antihepolin on the intensity of replication processes in rat hepatocytes was studied. A single intravenous infusion of polycation caused an approximately 6-fold increase in the intensity DNA synthesis on day 2 postinjection followed by a drop to thebaseline level on days 5–6. If antihepolin was injected in parallel with heparin, DNA synthesis was intensified after just 24 hours. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 627–629, June, 1994 Presented by B. T. Velichkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Circulating serum interferon andits effect on the activity of human natural killer cells

The interferon content in the plasma of 6 healthy donors and 10 patients with multiple sclerosis and the effect of an 1-h treatment of mononuclear cells with autologous plasma on their natural killer activity are studiedin vitro using³H-uridine-labeled (3 μCi/ml) human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562. The serum interferon content in healthy donors is 2.3±0.82 IU/ml, whereas that in patients is higher: 5.2±0.8 IU/ml. Autologous plasma does not affect the activity of natural killer cellsin vitro, whereas it increases the cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis by 35–64%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 619–622, December, 1994 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in mice with gadolinium chloride-blocked Kupffer cells

(CBA×C57B1/6) F₁ mice injected with zymosan intravenously developed granulomas in the liver; the number of granulomas in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride, a selective blocker of Kupffer cells, was half that in the untreated animals. Kupffer cells isolated from the liver 5 days after zymosan injection, i.e., during the period when granuloma generation was at its height, displayed a high capacity for stimulating both the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood leukocytes (which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species) and the colony-forming activity of bone marrow cells; this capacity was much lower in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride. It is shown that granulomatous inflammation of the liver is directly dependent on the activity of Kupffer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 366–369, October, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Opioid peptides improve human fetal nervous tissue survival after cryopreservation in culture

The study was carried out on the 18–20-week human fetal brain by culturing organotypic and dissociated cells of the cerebral cortex and the corpora quadrigemina area. Tissue viability was assessed from the formation of growth cones and neuroglial bundles, as well as of glial cell formation. The study showed that after tissue freezing in organotypic cultures, viable cells were detected in not more than 10% of grafts. The addition of opioid peptides noticeably (by 1.3–2 times) increased the number of surviving cells. This regularity was not observed in dissociated cultures. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 408–411, April, 1994     

Blast transformation of lymphocytes and the activity of natural killer cells in the presence of γ-globulinin vitro

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of spontaneous blast transformation are studiedin vitro in the presence of human serum γ-globulin. It is shown that spontaneous blast transformation is 49–51% due to the presence of aggregated γ-globulin, while the aggregate-free γ-globulin fraction does not induce this reaction. The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cellsin vitro declines in the presence of native γ-globulin, which is related to the influence of aggregated γ-globulin, the intensity of whose formation may increase upon a manyfold decrease in the γ-globulin content of the preparation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 625–630, December, 1994     

State of ovarian function in experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia

The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia on histophysiological processes in the female reproductive system is studied. Thyroid hormones and thyrotropin are found to exhibit a pronounced modulatory effect on morphogenetic processes in the female gonad. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 422–424, October, 1995     

Fibronectin as a compensating factor in the natural cytotoxicity system in interferon-dependent immunodeficiency

The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NK) against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (TC, human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system in the presence of γ-interferon, C-reactive protein, and human fibronectin are studiedin vitro in 14 patients with multiple sclerosis. It is shown that γ-interferon and C-reactive protein decrease the cytotoxic activity of NK with a simultaneous stimulation of conjugate formation in the NK:TC system. The correlation between the studied parameters becomes weaker. Human fibronectin induces collateral changes in the activity of NK and in the number of effector:target conjugates formed in the natural cytotoxicity reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 67–70, July, 1994     

Effect of the blockade of capsaicin-sensitive nerves on the development of the exudative reaction in immune response and aseptic inflammation

The neurotoxin capsaicin, which depletes some sensory neurons of neuropeptides, is used to explore the role of these neurons in the development of the exudative response induced by zymosan and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis modified vaccine (DTP-M) in mice. Four hours after the induction of inflammation in capsaicin-treated mice the reaction to DTP is reduced by 52% and delayed-type hypersensitivity to DTP by 26%. No effect of capsaicin is noted on a zymosan-induced exudative reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 434–436, October, 1995 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences