内膜下血管成形术并发症的防治

目的 评价内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症并发症的防治.方法 从2003年12月至2008年5月,106 条下肢动脉硬化闭塞的患肢进行了内膜下血管成形术治疗,动脉闭塞的平均长度为10.8(4.5耀28)cm,其中21 条肢体为生活方式受限性间歇性跛行,85 条肢体为威胁肢体生存的严重性缺血.分析评价的主要参数为并发症的发生和防治措施.结果 有5 条患肢穿刺部位皮下出现轻度淤血,未发生动脉栓塞;有7 条患肢发生动脉穿孔(6豫),但未引起严重的临床后果;有1 例因影响动脉重要分支而致截肢;有3 条患肢发生再管化通道急性闭塞,其中1 例SIA 后导致动脉旁路吻合口下移.结论 SIA 手术可发生动脉穿孔、影响动脉主要分支、再通血管急性闭塞和栓塞等并发症,但这些并发症绝大部分可进行防治,很少引起严重的后果.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

目的 探讨内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血的技术可行性、通畅率和临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年8月应用内膜下血管成形术(subintimal angioplasty,SIA)治疗的112例患者的122条动脉硬化闭塞患肢的临床资料,动脉闭塞平均长度为10.25 cm(4.5～28 cm),其中23条肢体为生活方式受限性间歇性跛行,99条为严重性缺血.详细纪录患者的病史、病变特点、操作技术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析患肢通畅率和临床效果(救肢和症状改善).结果 SIA技术成功率为83%,成功进行SIA的患者平均踝肱指数从0.19±0.11增加到0.67±0.29(P<0.01),1年、2年冉管化通道的通畅率和临床有效率分别是54%±5%、45%±4%和82%±5%、79%±4%.没有严重后果的并发症发生. 结论 SIA技术成功率高,临床效果满意,本组无严重并发症,是一种治疗下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞所致慢性缺血较好可供选择的治疗手段.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的初步报道

目的:总结内膜下血管成形术(SIA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法:平卧位、局麻下,于病肢同侧顺行或逆向穿刺股总动脉,插入6F鞘管,造影证实闭塞病变。在电透荧屏监控下,通过鞘管插入5F的KMP导管,在0.035超硬导丝作用下,于闭塞端的侧壁内膜下开创一个夹层平面,随着导丝在内膜下向前延伸,其顶端会形成半圆形的环。然后,导管和导丝环通过内膜下的夹层持续前进;当到达闭塞段远端时,将KMP导管的顶端转向腔内,使导丝和导管进入真腔。然后退出导管,顺着导丝插入7mm×40mm或合适大小的球囊导管,应用709～811kPa压力,逐步扩张再管化段。术中如发现新形成的通道受压而呈弹性回缩现象,可以植入8mm×40mm或适当大小的镍钛合金自膨式支架。最后通过导管或鞘管造影,检测血流通道是否再建成功。结果:本组共13例,男9例,女4例;左下肢5条,右下肢6条,双下肢2例(4条),共15条肢体。11例中计13条肢体获得成功,成功率为86.7%。其中股动脉段闭塞5例(7条肢体),髂动脉闭塞段4例(4条肢体),胫闭塞段2例(2条肢体)。分别随访3～9个月(平均4.3月),均维持通畅。复查ABI为0.65～0.87,平均0.75,与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:SIA是一种应用腔内血管外科技术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的新方法,操作简便微创,安全、有效而经济,近期     

内膜下血管成形术并发症的防治及其相关技术

内膜下血管成形术（subintimal angioplasty,SIA）是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的一种新治疗方法。其有别于传统的血管介入治疗理念,不在血管腔内而是在血管壁间形成一夹层通道而重建下肢血供。在操作技术上SIA遵从腔内血管介入治疗的绝大部分原则,但在SIA过程中也有其特殊的并发症发生和相关的技术要求。本文就SIA治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症常见的并发症及其相关的防治技术讨论如下。     

PTA及血管内支架治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的应用

目的 探讨经皮腔内球囊扩张血管成形术及血管内支架治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的临床应用价值.方法 全组11例,共18条患肢(闭塞病变22个节段).15段闭塞长度在7cm以内者作PTA,病灶分别位于髂总动脉6段、器外动脉2段、股浅动脉7段;15段中有4段与PTA同时置入血管内支架.另外长段闭塞的7段,于短段作PTA同时或在术后1周内作动脉重建术,其中腹主-股总动脉转流术1段、腹主-股深动脉1段、股-腘动脉3段、腘动脉间置移植术1段、股深动脉成形术1段.结果 1条患肢因PTA失败即改作转流术,2条患肢术后并发股浅动脉急性栓塞,作取栓治疗后,均恢复血循环.术后近期内,全组18条患肢临床症状改善,其中16条末梢动脉搏动恢复,踝/肱指数由术前0.54±0.11增高至0.79±0.15.随访6～72个月后,2条作PTA患肢的股浅动脉分别于1年和5年后再次闭塞.结论 经皮腔内球囊扩张血管成形术是治疗下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的有效方法,血管内支架置放有助于提高通畅率,多节段动脉闭塞性病变联合手术重建,可简化手术操作,缩小手术创伤.     

血管腔内支架成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症45例

目的探讨血管腔内支架成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法采用经皮穿刺股动脉或切开动脉直视下穿刺,造影明确病变动脉部位及病变长度后,利用导丝或超声消融导管开通闭塞段,球囊导管行扩张成形后置入血管内支架。结果45例(53条患肢)血管腔内支架均释放成功,踝肱指数由0.36±0.14增至术后7 d 0.77±0.21(t=2.397,P=0.021),45例随访6~54个月,平均23个月,一期肢体通畅率90.6%(48/53)。结论血管腔内支架成形术操作简便、微创、安全是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的外科治疗

目的:探讨外科治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床经验。方法:从1995年7月～2002年7月共对292例(313条肢体)动脉硬化闭塞症病人进行外科治疗,其中20条患肢施行解剖外血管重建术,38条患肢施行了腔内外科治疗或合并开放性血管重建手术,255条患肢施行了开放性手术重建下肢血供。结果:手术成功者患肢的踝肱指数与术前比较显著增加(P<0.01),症状得到明显改善。平均随访时间3.1年(0.5～7年),解剖外重建组移植血管一期通畅率为56%,腔内外科组通畅率为78%,开放性手术组通畅率为72%。结论:病人的全身情况、动脉病变的范围和程度是选择下肢动脉硬化闭塞症外科治疗方法的主要依据,为取得较好的长期通畅率和临床效果需要重视围手术期处理和术后随访。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症血管介入联合外科手术疗效观察

目的探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗方法及临床疗效。方法采用骼、股、腘动脉球囊扩张术+支架植入术结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症26例(30条患肢)。8条患肢行骼动脉球囊扩张+支架植入术,其中12条患肢加行股深动脉成形术,6条患肢加行股-腘动脉人工血管转流术,4条肢体行膝下球囊扩张术。结果手术均获得成功,未出现严重并发症。术后踝肱指数0.65±0.19与术前0.23±0.12相比有明显提高(P<0.05)。平均随访12个月(1～23个月)。与术前相比患者症状明显改善,仅4例残余有间歇性跛行(跛行距离300 m),其中1例术后3个月外院行干细胞移植术后症状明显好转,跛行距离>1 000 m。结论骼、股、腘动脉球囊扩张、膝下球囊扩张术+支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术、股-腘动脉人工血管转流术是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。手术创伤小,操作方便。手术方式灵活,尤适用于高危重症患者。     

血管腔内介入联合外科手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的：探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法：采用下肢动脉球囊扩张、支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形及原位大隐静脉动脉化,治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症31例（36条患肢）,行髂动脉支架植入球囊扩张术33条患肢;股总动脉支架植入球囊扩张术3条患肢,23条患肢行股一胭动脉人工血管旁路术,12条患肢行股深动脉成形术,6条行原位的大隐静脉动脉化。结果：手术均获得成功,未出现严重并发症。术后踝肱指数（0．65±0．18）与术前（0．25±0．11）相比较有明显提高（P〈0．05）。平均随访14个月（2～24个月）,与术前相比,患者术后症状明显好转,跛行距离加大（〉1000m）。结论：下肢动脉腔内介入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术、大隐静脉动脉化等是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法。     

静脉动脉化治疗广泛性下肢动脉闭塞症

目的:探讨静脉动脉化手术对广泛性下肢动脉闭塞症的疗效.方法:对有慢性缺血表现的20条下肢行Doppler超声与DSA或MRA检查,确诊为广泛性下肢动脉闭塞症.然后用分期或一期静脉动脉化手术对所有患肢进行治疗.结果:术后近期3条截肢.17条患肢随访6～51个月,其中2条患肢深静脉血栓形成,15条患肢疗效理想,症状消失.术后Doppler超声与MRA复查可见动脉血向缺血肢体灌注.结论:静脉动脉化治疗广泛性下肢动脉闭塞症疗效良好,为治疗该病开辟了一条新途径.     

Does subintimal angioplasty have a role in the treatment of severe lower extremity ischemia?

OBJECTIVE: Subintimal angioplasty (SIA) has been advocated to treat long segment lower extremity arterial occlusions, but many question its value. We evaluated the role of SIA in a group of patients with severe lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. METHODS: During a 2.5-year period, 39 patients with arterial occlusions (median length, 8 cm; range, 2 to 31 cm) were treated on an intention-to-treat basis with SIA. Twenty-five patients had gangrene, five had rest pain, and nine had disabling (相似文献   

Subintimal angioplasty of tibial vessel occlusions in the treatment of critical limb ischaemia: mid-term results.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary results at 1 year of subintimal angioplasty of tibial occlusions in critical limb ischaemia (CLI). MATERIAL: from December 1997 to December 1999, we intended to treat 36 patients and 40 limbs by subintimal angioplasty of occlusions of tibial vessels. Thirty-one had gangrene or ulceration and nine had rest pain. Twenty-seven occlusions were more than 10 cm, 10 were 5 to 10 cm and three were less than 5 cm in length. Three patients had an occluded previous ipsilateral bypass graft. All patients were followed 3 monthly for a median of 10 months by means of clinical and duplex examination. RESULTS: the technical success rate was 78% (31/40). Nine technical failures were treated by conventional surgery or angioplasty of another diseased tibial vessel. The clinical success rate was 68% (27/40). Four below-the-knee amputations were performed despite a patent recanalisation. Primary and secondary patency rates at 12 months were 56% (72% without technical failures). The 12-month limb salvage rate was 81% and survival rate was 78%. Three of five complications were treated by endovascular procedures. The length of occlusion (>10 cm) but not the location of distal re-entry, the type of vessel re-entry and the presence of diabetes are predictors of technical success and patency. CONCLUSIONS: subintimal angioplasty can be used to treat tibial occlusions in patients with CLI. Technical failure does not preclude conventional surgery and complications may often be treated by endovascular procedures. However, the durability of angioplasty is as yet uncertain.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的初期评估

目的初步评估内膜下血管成形术(subintimalangioplasty,SIA)在下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2003年12月至2005年3月期间施行SIA的15例患者临床资料,并将其与随机抽出的施行股动脉旁路转流术的11例患者进行对比研究。结果15例中11例(13条肢体)SIA操作成功,技术成功率为86.67%;术后踝肱指数(ankle-branchialindex,ABI)平均提高0.386,与术前ABI对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后临床症状均有明显改善。11例股动脉旁路转流术后1周ABI与术前ABI的平均差值(0.466±0.046)与11例SIA操作成功的术后1周ABI与术前ABI的平均差值(0.386±0.027)进行团体t检验,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SIA术后6个月,治疗动脉的通畅率为81.82%。结论操作成功的SIA的近期治疗效果与旁路转流术的近期治疗效果相近。SIA用于治疗短段或长段动脉粥样硬化闭塞症,具有很好的安全性及有效性,近期疗效令人满意。     

Subintimal placement of covered stent versus subintimal balloon angioplasty in the treatment of long-segment superficial femoral artery occlusion

Background

Subintimal endovascular intervention has been used widely in the treatment of symptomatic superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion. The relative effectiveness of subintimal placement of a covered stent (CS) versus balloon-only subintimal angioplasty (SIA) remains uncertain.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with symptomatic SFA occlusions (>15 cm) who underwent subintimal endovascular intervention, either CS or SIA, in a single institution. Primary patency was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, freedom from re-intervention, and limb salvage rates. Patency was ascertained with followup duplex or clinically.

Results

We evaluated 57 patients in the SIA group and 31 patients in the CS group. At 1 year the SFA primary patency for the SIA and CS groups was 28% versus 75% (P < .001), whereas the primary assisted patency was 37% versus 84% (P < .001), respectively. Need for bypass was 13% versus 0% (P = .05) in the SIA and CS groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Placement of a covered stent improves patency after subintimal intervention for long SFA occlusion.     

Subintimal angioplasty in the management of lower limb ischaemia

It is now almost 20 years since subintimal angioplasty (SIA) was pioneered. This cost-effective technique has over the past few years enjoyed a dramatic resurgence of interest and application, particularly after having been identified as a safe and practicable approach to vascular recanalisation in several international publications. Originally used in the femoropopliteal segment, its role has been extended to the treatment of infrapopliteal lesions, including the recanalization of the trifurcation and long tibial occlusions. Experienced centres have repeatedly reported primary success rates of around 90% in the infrainguinal vessels, as well as 1-year limb salvage rates as high as 85% to 90%, and 5-year primary assisted patency rates of 64% whilst not interfering with subsequent vascular surgery. Indeed SIA has not only proved to be very effective in lower limb ischaemia management, both for intermittent claudication and critical ischaemia, but in the last few years it has moved from the shadows and into the limelight of modern endovascular therapy.     

Retrograde approach for endovascular salvage of an infrapopliteal vein bypass

Endovascular treatment through femoropopliteal and infragenicular percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, both in native vessels and in bypass salvage, has been an emerging technique in recent years. However, in some cases, a difficult anterograde access in distal occlusions has limited the technical success of this procedure. Combined subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention is used as a resource technique to obtain precise recanalization in these cases. Here, we present the case of a retromalleolar access of the posterior tibial artery, based on subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention technique, to achieve femoral-posterior tibial bypass salvage.     

Subintimal angioplasty for femoro-popliteal occlusive disease

There has been a longstanding debate about the roles of surgical bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, subintimal angioplasty, and conservative management for femoro-popliteal occlusive disease. Subintimal angioplasty was first described in 1987 as a method of performing an endovascular arterial bypass. The subintimal space at the start of the occlusion is entered with a catheter and a wire loop is used to cross the occlusion and reenter the vessel lumen distally. In patients with critical limb ischemia, there is high quality evidence demonstrating that the limb salvage rate and amputation-free survival rates for surgery and endovascular treatment are similar, but surgery is more expensive than angioplasty in the short term. In patients with intermittent claudication, surgical bypass using an autologous saphenous vein graft is currently believed to be the gold standard, but this is increasingly questioned in the light of recent advances in endovascular techniques. Surgical bypass with vein graft offers a 2-year patency of 81%, compared with 67% for a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft and at best 67% for subintimal angioplasty. The better patency offered by surgery must be balanced against a higher morbidity and mortality. To conclude, subintimal angioplasty is an extremely valuable technique in the management of critical limb ischemia. Based on the evidence to date, this technique is likely to have an increasing role in the management of intermittent claudication over the coming years, particularly if the risk of general anaesthesia is high or there is no suitable vein.     

髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的介入治疗技术及体会

目的探讨应用内膜下血管成形术(SIA)联合经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)介入治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的技术方法和疗效。方法对15例伴有严重缺血症状的髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变患者,采用顺行途径穿刺,经左肱动脉穿刺3例,经对侧股动脉穿刺12例。通过SIA对闭塞段动脉进行再通,应用球囊扩张成形并植入支架(裸支架18枚,覆膜支架4枚)。结果内膜下血管成形术技术成功率100%,支架植入后髂动脉闭塞段管腔形态良好,血流通畅,无严重并发症出现,临床症状消失或明显改善。患肢踝肱指数由术前的0.41±0.12增至术后7天的0.81±0.13(t=8.76,P0.0001)。近中期随访2例发生再狭窄,经PTA解除,术后12个月支架一期通畅率为85.71%(12/14)。结论 SIA联合支架植入术治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变安全、有效,近、中期疗效良好。     

Subintimal angioplasty: feasible and durable.

OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the feasibility and durability of subintimal angioplasty (SA) clinically and by duplex scans every 3 months. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Within a period of 54 months, we selected 96 patients with 100 occlusions (mean length: 11.5 cm) of femoro-popliteal or tibial arteries, for SA. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 88% and seven out of 12 failures were treated by conventional surgery. Five below-the-knee amputations were performed despite a patent recanalization. The following complications occurred: arterial perforation (6), arterial thrombosis (4), extensions beyond the planned re-entry site (5), and arterial dissection (2). Primary, assisted-primary and secondary patency rates were 61, 68 and 74%, respectively at 24 months. The 24 month-limb salvage and survival rates were 78 and 85%, respectively. Duplex imaging demonstrated 10 restenosis (five symptomatic >70%, five asymptomatic 30-70%), seven occlusions (five asymptomatic, two symptomatic treated by a bypass) and one asymptomatic dilatation. CONCLUSION: In a selected group of patients SA is feasible with a high initial technical success rate. SA is a good alternative in patients who are poor candidates for bypass surgery.