三种仪器测量白内障术前角膜生物学参数的比较

目的：比较Pentacam、IOL Master和iTrace三种仪器测量白内障患者术前角膜曲率和散光的测量值的差异。

方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集白内障患者68例82眼，术前均接受IOL Master、Pentacam及 iTrace检查，测量患眼平坦轴角膜曲率(K1)、陡峭轴角膜曲率(K2)、角膜散光及轴向，计算平均角膜曲率(Km)、散光矢量 J0和J45，分析三种仪器测量结果的差异性、相关性和一致性。

结果：三种仪器测量的K1、K2、Km值均无差异(P>0.05)； 三种仪器测量的K1、K2、Km值均呈高度相关(|r|>0.5，P<0.01)，IOL Master与Pentacam、IOL Master与iTrace测量的J0、J45值均呈中度相关(0.3<|r|<0.5，P<0.01)，Pentacam与iTrace测量的J0、J45值均呈低度相关(0.1<|r|<0.3，P<0.05)； Bland-Altman分析法显示三种仪器测得K1、K2、Km、J0、J45一致性差。

结论：Pentacam、IOL Master和iTrace测量角膜曲率及散光之间具有相关性，但一致性差，不可任意替代使用，需根据患者眼部具体情况谨慎选择。     

OPD-Scan Ⅲ测量角膜屈光力和散光的可重复性及其与Pentacam检测结果的一致性

目的:分析OPD-Scan Ⅲ测量角膜屈光力及散光的可重复性及其与Pentacam检测结果的一致性。方法:采用诊断试验研究方法,收集2018年8月于南通大学第二附属医院及苏州大学附属理想眼科医院就诊的屈光不正患者50例100眼,采用主觉验光测量受检者球镜度数、散光度数及轴位。分别采用OPD-ScanⅢ和Pentacam...     

OPD-ScanⅢ与Pentacam测量角膜屈光力和散光的一致性

目的：:分析OPD-ScanⅢ与Pentacam测量角膜散光（CA）患者角膜屈光力、CA及散光轴位的相关性和一致性。方法：:系列病例研究。收集2019年6-12月在苏州大学附属理想眼科医院就诊的屈光不正患者876例（1 072眼）,分别用OPD-ScanⅢ与Pentacam测量角膜平坦轴屈光力（K1）、陡峭轴屈光力（K...     

Orbscan Ⅱ与Topolyzer测量角膜曲率和散光参数的比较

ObjectiveTo assess the agreement of keratometry and corneal astigmatism measurements by Orbscan II and Topolyzer. MethodsIn a prospective comparative study， 50 eyes of 50 healthy subjects were measured with the Orbscan II and Topolyzer. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t test and Bland-Altman plots. ResultsThe mean differences of K1， K2， Km， J0 and J45 measured by Orbscan II and Topolyzer were -0.14±0.22 D， -0.18±0.29 D， -0.16±0.23 D， 0.03±0.12 D and -0.01±0.11 D， respectively. There were significant differences between the results of these 2 methods in K1 （t=-4.697， P<0.01）， K2 （t=-4.516， P<0.01） and Km （t=-5.144， P< 0.01）， but not for J0 （t=1.875， P>0.05） and J45 （t=-0.383， P>0.05）. A Bland-Altman analysis showed that the results for the 2 devices were not comparable results for K1， K2 and Km （The largest 95% LoAs were 0.57 D， 0.75 D and 0.61 D， respectively.）， but results were comparable for J0 and J45 （The largest 95% LoAs were 0.27 D and 0.22 D， respectively.）. ConclusionThe corneal astigmatism values obtained with Orbscan II were correlated very well with those of the Topolyzer. However， it is important to note in clinical practice that corneal power values acquired by these 2 devices are not directly interchangeable.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT SURGERY, by Emery J. M. and Mclntyre D. J. SENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION: THE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT, by J. E. Lovie-Kitchin, E. J. Farmer and K. J. Bowman.     

10遗传型视网膜母细胞瘤肿瘤Rb基因突变分析

１０例遗传型视网膜母细胞瘤肿瘤组织Ｒｂ基因突变分析张清炯箕田健生曾瑞萍吴中耀遗传性视网膜母细胞瘤（ｒｅｔｎｏｂｌａｓｔｏｍａ，ＲＢ）是由Ｒｂ基因两次突变而失活所致，第一次突变为生殖细胞性突变，第二次突变为体细胞性突变。生殖细胞性突变决定携带者患ＲＢ的...     

Word ambiguity and the optimal viewing position in reading.

The optimal viewing position phenomenon discovered by (O'Regan, J. K., Lévy-Schoen, A., Pynte, J., Brugaillère, B. (1984). Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and performance. 10 (2), 250-257) is characterized by a minimization of gaze duration on a word and maximization of word recognition rates when the eye fixates a word near its center. Subsequent studies (Holmes, V. M., & O'Regan, J. K. (1987). Decomposing french words. In J. K. O'Regan, & A. Lévy-Schoen, Eye movements: from physiology to cognition, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 459-466; O'Regan, J. K., & Lévy-Schoen, A. (1987). Eye movement strategy and tactics in word recognition and reading. In M. Coltheart, Attention and performance XII: the psychology of reading, Erlbaum, Hillsdale N.J., 363-383) have shown that lexical structure can affect the location of the optimal viewing position. In this paper we show that the optimal viewing position is near to the position which minimizes word ambiguity arising from incomplete recognition of the letters in the word. This conclusion is supported by a statistical analysis based on inter-letter correlations in English and French word corpuses.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Geriatric Ophthalmology. Edited by M. L. K witko and F. J. W enstock
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Transactions of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, 34th Annual Session.
Ocular Accommodation, Convergence, and Fixation Disparity: A Manual of Clinical Analysis. By D avid A. Goss
Cataract and Implant Surgery. By J.J. K anski and R. B. S. P ackard
Techniques in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery. Edited by R. E. W esley
Chandler and Grant's Glaucoma. By D. L. E pstein     

BRIEF REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Hazards of Light: Myths and Realities. Edited by J. C ronly -D illon , E.S. R osen and J. M arshall
Ophthalmic Optics. By N.C. K aushik     

改良SRK-T公式预测人工晶状体植入术后散光误差分析

目的 评价改良SRK-T公式对球面人工晶状体植入术后预测散光的可行性及其误差的影响因素,以探讨改良SRK-T公式在散光人工晶状体度数计算中的应用价值.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.分析2007年10月至2008年6月行超声乳化白内障摘除联合球面人工晶状体植入术且资料完整的白内障病例68例（106眼）.比较改良SRK-T公式与SRK-T公式计算得出的术后预测等效屈光度数之间的差异.矢量分析改良SRK-T公式预测的术后散光度与实际术后散光度之间的差异,并采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素.结果 改良SRK-T公式与SRK-T公式计算得出的术后预测等效屈光度结果完全吻合.矢量分析术后散光预测误差结果示：J0预测误差的因素主要是角膜散光（KS）,J0=-0.108-0.102×KS（P＝0.034）.J45预测误差的因素主要是眼轴（L）与角膜平均屈光度（K）,J45=1.797-0.019×L-0.031×K（P=0.009）.结论 改良SRK-T公式的方法可以用于散光人工晶状体植入度数的计算,其误差跟角膜散光、眼轴、角膜平均屈光度有关.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Vol. 41, Advances in Diagnostic Visual Optics. Edited by G. M. B reinin and I. M. S iegel
Foundations of Sensory Science. By H. A utrum , L. M. B eidler , H. D avis , H. E ngstrom , G. A. F ry , R. G ranit , W. D. K eidel , D. R. K enshalo , O. L owenstein , C. P faffmann , L. A. R iggs , D. S chneider , T. T omita , W. D. W right and J. J. Z wislocki
Clinical Low Vision. By E. E. F aye
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Visual Acuity. Edited by S. R. H ilfer A nd J. B. S heffield
Basic Clinical Ophthalmology. By C alvert I. P hillips
Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. Edited by A. G. G ale and F. J ohnson
Atlas of Ophthalmic Ultrasonongraphy and Biometry. By H. J. S hammas     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
The Development of the Vertebrate Retina: A Comparative Survey. By G erd G rün .
Glaucoma Update II. Glaucoma Society of the International Congress of Ophthalmology, Carmel/California, October 22–27, 1982. Edited by G. K. K rieglestein and L eydhecker .
The Neurology of Eye Movements. By R. J. L eigh and D. S. Z ee .
Pediatric Optometry. By J erome R osner
The Colour Science of Dyes and Pigments. By K. M c L aren .
Binocular Vision—Foundation and Applicatins. By R. W. R eading .
Studies of Brain Function, Vol. 9: Neurophysiological Aspects of Color Vision In Primates. By E. Z renner .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Cornea; Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice By G Smolin G and RA Thoft. Conducting Clinical Trials: By F. Iber, W.A. Riley and P.J. Murray. Experimental Psychology and Statistics: By Andrew J. Tilley Dictionary of Optometry: By Michel Millodot Visual Neuroscience: J D and Pettigrew, K J Sanderson W R Levick (Editors). Advances in Diagnostic Visual Optics: A Fiorentini, D L Guyton, I M Siege1 (Editors) Human Ophthalmic Pathology: A Short Practice: By A O Jensen     

EGTA modulates equatorial currents in frog lenses

A combination of a vibrating probe with microelectrodes was used to study the effects on the equatorial K+ current, J, of perturbing the frog lens by removing Ca2+ from the bathing medium. The results were different in the absence and presence of EGTA. In the absence of EGTA the reversal potential (PDJ = 0) remained near the Nernst potential; the input resistance, R, and the resistance of the segment of the K+ current loop being studied, RJ, decreased; the driving force (PD - PDJ = 0) increased; and J increased fourfold. In the presence of EGTA J did not increase more than twofold; the current-voltage relationship became linear; RJ did not decrease and both the PD and the reversal potential, PDJ = 0, became less negative with time. These findings, which are dependent on the use of the vibrating probe, were unexpected, and they were explored by studying the effects of removing Na+ from the medium. Substituting TMA for Na+ did not increase J. Removal of Ca2+ and the addition of EGTA to a Na+-free medium in which frog lenses were bathed resulted in a decrease in RJ, and an increase in J; J varied inversely with the concentration of Na+ in the medium. The changes were reversible. A mechanism to account for the changes is proposed.     

Correlation of long term phenotypic and clinical outcomes following limbal epithelial transplantation cultivated on amniotic membrane in rabbits

AIM: To determine the epithelial phenotype in rabbits with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) after reconstruction with autologous limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo expanded on rabbit amniotic membrane (AM). METHODS: Left eyes of 52 rabbits were rendered total LSCD, verified by impression cytology. The fibrovascular pannus of each cornea was removed. Group I (n = 10) received rabbit AM transplantation alone, while groups II-IV (n = 42) underwent transplantation of LSC cultured on rabbit AM (LSC-AM) from a small limbal biopsy taken from the right eye. Clinical outcome was graded as "success," "partial success," or "failure" depending on the corneal smoothness and avascularity. Epithelial phenotype was determined by immunostaining and graded as "corneal (K)," "conjunctival (J)," or "mixed (M)" depending on expression of K3 and Muc5AC. RESULTS: After 1 year follow up, group I showed 100% failure and groups II-IV showed 26% success (p<0.001). Clinical failure correlated with J phenotype p = 0.001), while clinical success correlated with K phenotype p = 0.01). When the phenotypic outcome was used for comparison, J phenotype was significantly high in group I (p = 0.003), while K phenotype was significantly high in groups II-IV (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a strong correlation between clinical success and resultant corneal epithelial phenotype. Ex vivo expanded LSC can successfully reconstruct corneal surfaces with unilateral total LSCD.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
The Year Book of Opthalmology 1982 . Edited by J. T erry E rnest
A Study Guide for Glaucoma . M. B ruce S hields
The Ophthalmic Assistant: Fundamentals and Clinical Practice . By H. A. S tein And B. J. S latt
Colour Science in Television and Display Systems . By W. N. S proson
Diseases of the Cornea . By M errill G rayson
Extended Wear Contact Lenses for Aphakia and Myopia . Edited by J ack H artstein
Atlas of Ophthalmology . By M ichael G. G lasspool
Clinical Ophthalmology: A Text and Colour Atlas . By J ames L. K ennerley B ankes     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Eye and Its Disorders. By P. D. T revor -R oper and P. V. C urran .
Contact Lenses: A Clinical Approach to Fitting. By R obert A. H ales .
Ophthalmic Lasers: Photocoagulation, Photoradiation and Surgery. By F rancis A. L esperance J r .
Extracapsular Cataract Surgery. By J. M. E mery and D. M c I ntyre .
Parallel Processing in the Visual System: The Classification of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Its Impact on the Neurobiology of Vision. By J onathan S tone .
Senile Macular Degeneration. The Effects and Management. By J. E. L ovie -K itchin E. J. F armer and K. J. B owman .
Optometric Instrumentation. By D avid B. H enson .     

American Uveitis Society Meeting October 30, 1995 Marriott Marquis Hotel, Atlanta, GA, USA

1 Retinal vascular occlusion and scleroderma. Tessler H, Flores-Guevara J, Goldstein D, Chicago, IL, USA. 2 MHC Class II antigen expression in ciliary body in spontaneous and experimental uveitis. Kalsow C, Zhavoronkova M, Dwyer A, Rochester, NY & Scottsville, NY, USA. 3 IL-10 in the vitreous of patients with intraocular lymphoma. Whitcup S, Solomon D, Nussenblatt R, Chan C-C, Bethesda, MD, USA 4 Iris juvenile xanthogranuloma studied by immunohistochemistry. Shields J, Shields C, Eagle R, DePotter P, Collins M, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 5 Outcomes analysis in with JRA-associated uveitis. Dana M-R, Merayo-Lloves J, Foster C, Boston MA, USA. 6 Persistent glaucoma secondary to periocular steroids. Akduman L, Conway M, Burchfield J, Kolker A, Black D, DelPriore L, Kaplan H, St. Louis, MO, USA 7 The use of itraconazole in ocular histoplasmosis Callanan D, Fish G, Dallas, TX, USA 8 Succesful treatment of macular hole secondary to sympathetic ophthalmia. Cano J, Diaz M, Navea A, Ruiz C, Castilla M. Barcelona, Spain. 9 HLA-DR2+ intermediate uveitis. Pulido J, Tang W, Han D, Mieler W. Milwaukee, WI, USA. 10 Vein occlusion in AIDS misdiagnosed as CMV retinitis. Park K, Marx J, Rao N. Los Angeles, CA, USA. 11 HIV-associated foveal hemorrhage. Crews K, Zimmerman P, Lohner S. Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 12 Cytomegalovirus papillitis in patients with AIDS. Patel S, Rutzen A, Marx J, Thach A, Chong L, Rao N, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 13 Recurrence rate of CMV retinitis following the ganciclovir implant and pars plans vitrectomy and silicone oil. Marx J, Thach A, Rao N, Chong L. Los Angeles, CA, USA.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Handbook of Sensory Physiology Vol. 7, Part 6. Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates A: Invertebrate Photoreceptors. Edited by H. A utrum R. J ung , W. R. L oewenstein , D. M. M c K ay and H. L. T euber .
Opthalmology, Principles and Concepts. By F rank W. N ewell .
Evoked Potentials. Proceedings of International Evoked Potentials Symposium held in Nottingham, England, 1978. Selected by C. B arber .
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Edited by K eith M. Z inn and M ichael F. M armor .
Search and the Human Observer. Edited by J. N. C lar and M. A. S inclair .     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 2nd edition Peter K Kaiser, Neil J Friedman and Roberto Pindea II Research Methods for Clinical Therapists Carolyn Hicks