累及主动脉弓的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术后院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性累及主动脉弓的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者孙氏术后院内死亡的危险因素.方法 2009年2月至2012年2月,233例累及主动脉弓的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者纳入研究.将可能与术后死亡相关的因素先行单因素分析,单因素分析有意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析.结果 孙氏术后院内死亡23人,占9.87％.单因素分析结果显示,年龄、术前肢体缺血、体外循环超过268 min为术后院内死亡的危险因素.将此3种危险因素纳入多因素logistic回归,结果显示,年龄(P=0.017,OR=1.062)、体外循环超过268 min(P =0.001,OR =6.150)为孙氏术后患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 年龄和长时间体外循环(超过268 min)为孙氏术后患者死亡的独立危险因素,术中尽可能缩短体外循环时间能减少术后死亡.     

孙氏手术治疗升主动脉替换术后残余主动脉夹层

目的 探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层近端主动脉替换术后残余主动脉夹层的手术时机和手术方式.方法 2009年3月至2011年11月,连续收治16例Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后残余夹层的患者,男13例,女3例;年龄23 ～ 61岁,平均44岁.其中8例为马方综合征.中低温停循环、低流量顺行脑灌注下行孙氏手术(主动脉弓替换+支架象鼻术).其中单纯行孙氏手术12例;同期行主动脉根部替换术(Bentall手术)3例,主动脉根部替换术+冠状动脉旁路移植术(Bentall+ CABG)1例,冠状动脉吻合口漏修补术1例,二尖瓣置换术(MVR)1例.结果 再次手术距离首次手术时间(66±40)个月.体外循环(193±49)min,心肌阻断(90±28) min,选择性脑灌注(22±10) min.术后气管插管(17±10)h.无住院死亡.术后并发症4例,其中左下肢轻瘫1例随访期间好转;开胸止血、乳糜胸和胸骨后感染各1例,均于治疗后痊愈出院.患者出院前均行主动脉CT血管造影检查,示人工血管血流通畅,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,支架段假腔血栓形成.随访3～42个月,平均17个月.1例术后3个月因远端夹层破裂死亡,1例术后6个月行全胸腹主动脉替换术,1例因胸降主动脉扩张合并内膜残余破口行胸主动脉腔内修复术.结论 Stanford A型主动脉夹层升主动脉替换术后残余夹层的患者,当主动脉弓扩张速度超过0.5 cm/年,或直径扩张至5 cm以上(或扩张至4.5 cm但合并弓部破口或马方综合征)时,应再次接受手术治疗,孙氏手术治疗安全有效,手术死亡及相关并发症发生率较低,近期结果良好.     

孙氏手术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层采用孙氏手术(主动脉弓部替换加支架象鼻手术)的临床经验与随访结果.方法 2004年8月至2012年3月,73例急性A型夹层患者施行了孙氏手术,其中男60例、女13例,平均年龄49.6(26 ～79)岁.手术均采用深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注技术.单纯行升主动脉替换加孙氏手术30例;主动脉根部替换(Bentall术)加孙氏手术10例,主动脉瓣及升主动脉替换加孙氏手术12例,主动脉瓣成形加孙氏手术21例(同时行主动脉窦重建16例),同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术( CABG)9例,术后通过CTA评价胸腹主动脉塑形及假腔愈合情况.结果 体外循环平均(248.1±69.8)min,选择性脑灌注(38.2±10.5)min.手术死亡5例(6.85％,5/73例).术后60例随访2个月～7.6年,术后3个月CTA复查显示,91.7％的患者主动脉夹层的假腔在膈肌水平形成血栓,患者术后1、5和7年的生存率分别是97％、87％和81％.结论 孙氏手术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层安全有效且远期效果令人满意.     

孙氏手术处理急性A型主动脉夹层合并灌注不良综合征的近期结果

目的探讨孙氏手术处理急性A型主动脉夹层合并灌注不良综合征的临床效果。方法 2014年1月至2017年12月期间南京医科大学第二附属医院连续收治A型主动脉夹层合并灌注不良综合征患者30例,其中男24例、女6例,平均年龄(52.87±12.76)岁。所有患者在深低温停循环,顺行性选择性脑灌注下或经上腔静脉逆行性脑灌注下行四分支人工血管全主动脉弓置换加支架象鼻人工血管植入术(孙氏手术),近端行Bentall手术18例,单纯升主动脉置换10例。同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术3例。结果全组平均体外循环时间(196.4±23.5)min,主动脉阻断时间(93.2±8.4)min,深低温停循环时间(24.8±6.3)min。住院死亡5例。术后随访3～42(24.0±13.0)个月,随访率100.0%,死亡2例。结论 A型主动脉夹层合并灌注不良综合征明显增加了手术风险,但通过孙氏手术能够获得较满意的结果。     

改良Bentall手术在StanfordA3型主动脉夹层治疗中的应用

目的总结改良主动脉根部置换手术（改良Bentall手术）j在Stanford A3型主动脉夹层（aortic dissection,AD）手术中的应用经验及其效果。方法2004年1月至2013年6月南京医科大学附属南京医院共对54例Stan-fbrd A3型主动脉夹层（根据孙立忠的主动脉夹层细化分型原则）患者施行了主动脉根部置换手术,其中男41例、女13例,年龄21～73岁;Bentall手术12例,Bentall＋右半弓置换手术14例,Bentall＋全弓置换＋支架象鼻手术28例。根据手术方式不同,将54例患者分为两组,A组：36例,主动脉根部置换施行传统Bentall手术;B组：18例,主动脉根部置换施行改良Bentall手术,即在传统Bentall手术的基础上,对窦部直径小于45mm、冠状动脉开口移位不明显的患者采用“城门洞”法冠状动脉开口吻合技术。比较两组患者的术后转归和并发症发生情况。结果两组患者的年龄、性别比率差异无统计学意义。A组窦部直径明显大于B组[（52．11±3．62）mm vs．（40．72±2．67）mm,P=0.000],差异有统计学意义;两组患者的手术时间、体外循环时间、术中深低温停循环时间、术后胸腔引流量和住ICU时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后死亡4例,其中A组2例,B组2例,两组住院死亡率差异无统计学意义[5．56％（2／36）VS．11．11％（2／18）,P=0．462];2例因无法控制的渗血、1例因腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤破裂、1例因急性肺梗塞死亡。随访48例,随访时间3个月,失访2例。随访期间有48例患者复查CTA（computed tomography angiography）,主动脉根部未见假性动脉瘤形成,冠状动脉开口未见动脉瘤或狭窄。结论主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部时需要行主动脉根部置换手术,对于窦部直径小于45mm、冠状动脉开口移位不明显的患者,可以施行改良Bentall手术,即“城门洞”法冠状动脉开口吻合技术,其技术简?     

保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术在急性主动脉夹层中的应用

目的探索保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术在治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的手术技术要点及手术适应证。方法 2011年8月至2013年10月我院连续收治28例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,均腋动脉插管,中低温选择顺行性脑灌注下行两血管片法保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术,其中男23例、女5例,年龄29～62(47±8)岁。其中高血压病患者26例,马方综合征患者2例,同期行主动脉根部置换术(Bentall术)4例,Bentall+二尖瓣置换术(MVR)1例,主动脉窦成形6例。结果体外循环时间(167±35)min,主动脉阻断时间(80±22)min,选择性脑灌注时间(29±5)min,本组住院死亡1例,主要死亡原因为术后急性肝衰竭;神经系统并发症2例,患者1周后延迟苏醒,经治疗后痊愈出院。患者出院前均行主动脉CTA检查,自体头臂动脉显影清晰,周围无造影剂外溢,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,25例患者支架段假腔完全血栓化,2例出现内漏。对27例患者随访47(36～62)个月:其中1例因胸腹主动脉扩张行全胸腹主动脉置换换术,1例术后2年余因支架人工血管远端血管破裂急诊行主动脉腔内隔绝术。结论对于头臂动脉未受累及的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术安全有效,手术死亡及相关并发症发生率较低,近中期结果良好。     

Mini-root手术在主动脉根部大血管外科手术中应用的近中期随访结果

目的总结Mini-root手术技术在主动脉根部大血管手术中的近中期临床随访结果。方法 2008年3月至2012年9月青岛市市立医院心外科对31例主动脉根部病变患者行Mini-root手术治疗,其中男22例、女9例,年龄28~71(47.2±21.3)岁。术前诊断为急性主动脉夹层(Standford A型)15例,马方综合征13例,其中合并主动脉夹层8例,二瓣化畸形合并升主动脉夹层3例。术后随访6~50(31±11)个月。将13例单纯Mini-root手术(Mini-root手术组)与同期进行的8例Bentall手术(Bentall手术组)进行对照研究。结果 31例Mini-root手术患者中,住院期间死亡3例,其中低心排血量综合征合并多脏器衰竭1例,降主动脉瘤破裂1例,大面积脑梗死1例;术后急性肾功能不全行血液透析治疗3例;术后再次手术3例;持续血液透析治疗1例。对照研究结果提示Mini-root手术组的体外循环时间[(108.5±20.8)min vs.(138.5±19.0)min]、术后24 h输血量[(661.6±135.0)ml vs.(1381.2±517.5)ml]均显著低于Bentall手术组(P0.05)。结论 Mini-root技术可显著缩短手术时间,减少输血量,对于手术治疗的主动脉根部病变有满意的临床效果,与Bentall手术相比该手术技术在围手术期有明显的优势。     

急性主动脉夹层累及根部的外科治疗

目的探讨Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的手术治疗策略。方法上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院自2005年1月至2010年12月,共62例Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的患者接受手术治疗。根据对夹层近心端采用的不同手术处理方法分为3组,A组:28例,男20例、女8例,年龄(45.2±15.6)岁;行主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术;B组:10例,男7例、女3例,年龄(44.6±14.9)岁;行部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术;C组:24例,男17例、女7例,年龄(46.2±15.6)岁;行Bentall手术。比较分析3组患者的临床效果。结果围术期死亡6例,病死率为9.67%(6/62)。共随访54例,随访(27.3±15.7)个月。随访期间死亡2例,1例死亡原因不明,1例死于肺癌。A组1例患者术后6个月复查CT显示主动脉窦部假性动脉瘤。C组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间明显较A组和B组长[(274±97)min vs.(194±65)min、(210±77)min,t=22.482,30.419,P=0.002,0.122;(150±56)min vs.(97±33)min、(105±46)min,t=12.630,17.089,P=0.000,0.034]。3组患者的住院死亡率(t=1.352,P=0.516)及围术期二次开胸、急性肾损伤、神经系统并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义(t=0.855,0.342,2.281;P=0.652,0.863,0.320)。结论针对急性主动脉夹层病变累及根部的手术治疗可以采用主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术、部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术和Bentall手术等方法,并各有其优缺点。掌握每种方法的手术指征,灵活运用,可以获得满意的临床效果。     

Cabrol手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的疗效分析

目的总结并分析Cabrol手术用于Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者进行主动脉根部处理的疗效及效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年4月广东省心血管病研究所心外科行Cabrol术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层37例患者的临床资料,其中男34例、女3例,年龄21~66岁,发病至手术时间为(15.2±28.5)d。全组均行Cabrol手术处理主动脉根部,根据主动脉弓受累情况,行右半弓置换或全主动脉弓置换加降主动脉腔内支架隔绝术。结果全组手术均成功,行单纯Cabrol术4例,其中1例行Bentall术中转行Cabrol术,右半弓置换术10例,全主动脉弓置换加降主动脉腔内支架隔绝术23例。二次开胸止血1例(2.7%),术后死亡4例(10.8%);随访1~24个月,随访期间死亡2例。结论 Cabrol手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层效果良好,远期人造血管通畅,冠状动脉无压迫,效果满意。     

EuroSCORE Ⅱ预测A型主动脉夹层患者孙氏手术后院内死亡及住ICU时间延长的有效性研究

目的评估欧洲心脏手术风险评估系统Ⅱ(European System for Cardiac Operative Risk EvaluationⅡ,Euro SCOREⅡ)预测A型主动脉夹层患者孙氏手术(全主动脉弓置换+支架象鼻手术)后院内死亡及住ICU时间延长的有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年2月至2012年2月北京安贞医院384例A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料。急性主动脉夹层228例(59.38%)。根据Euro SCOREⅡ预测术后死亡率将患者分为低危、中危、高危、极高危组。低危组296例(女52例),平均年龄(45.39±10.75)岁;中危组70例(女19例),平均年龄(47.67±11.26)岁;高危组13例(女5例),平均年龄(53.08±4.94)岁;极高危组5例(女1例),平均年龄(41.60±11.08)岁。手术方式均为中度低温停循环+选择性脑灌注下行孙氏手术。采用Euro SCOREⅡ预测患者术后死亡率及住ICU时间延长。结果院内死亡率为8.07%(31/384)。平均住ICU时间为3.06 d,42例住ICU时间≥7 d。对于低危组,Euro SCOREⅡ预测死亡率低于实际死亡率;对于中危、高危、极高危组,预测死亡率高于实际死亡率。Euro SCOREⅡ预测术后死亡、住ICU时间延长的区分度不佳,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.49和0.52,预测术后死亡、住ICU时间延长校正能力亦不佳(P0.001)。结论 Euro SCOREⅡ对A型主动脉夹层患者孙氏手术后院内死亡及住ICU时间延长的预测效能不佳。目前亟需专门针对A型主动脉夹层手术的风险评估系统。     

Ascending-to-descending aortic bypass and aortic valve replacement for concomitant severe aortic coarctation and aortic stenosis

We present a 33-year-old male with severe, symptomatic aortic coarctation and aortic stenosis assessed on a humanitarian medical mission to a developing country. Contemplating limited time and available resources, we performed a simultaneous single-stage approach with ascending-to-descending aortic bypass with a reinforced gortex graft and concomitant aortic valve replacement through a median sternotomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative convalescence and was discharged on postoperative day 5. At 1-year follow-up, he was asymptomatic and doing well with good blood pressure control and complete equalization of upper and lower limb blood pressure measurements. Computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a widely patent ascending-to-descending aortic bypass graft and a normally functioning prosthetic aortic valve, respectively. In developing countries where health care resources are limited, a combined approach with an extra-anatomic, thoracic aortic bypass, and aortic valve replacement resulted in good early and 1-year outcomes. This procedure may represent the most effective surgical option for patients with concomitant aortic coarctation and aortic stenosis.     

Extraanatomic aortic bypass for repair of aortic coarctation

We describe two adult patients who underwent extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic coarctation through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Of the two patients, one presented with coarctation and concurrent cardiovascular disorders, and the other, with residual coarctation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with double arterial cannulation in the aorta or axillary artery and the femoral artery ensure adequate perfusion proximal and distal to coarctation and bicaval cannulation. The heart was retracted cephalic and superiorly, and the descending thoracic aorta was exposed through the posterior pericardium. After achieving distal anastomosis, the graft was directed anterior to the inferior vena cava and lateral to the right atrium, and anastomosed to the right lateral aspect of the ascending aorta. A 14-mm graft was used. In one patient receiving concomitant procedures, mitral valve repair and replacement of the ascending aorta was performed after the distal anastomosis.     

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for traumatic aortic transection

BACKGROUND: Traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta is a highly morbid injury. Treatment may be delayed while attention focuses on concomitant injuries. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is effective but remains controversial in these often-young patients. We reviewed our experience in acute and subacute treatment of these injuries with TEVAR. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of five men and five women who underwent TEVAR for aortic transection from 1999 to 2007 was conducted. Procedures were performed with standard endovascular techniques. Follow-up included computed tomography at 1 month and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Mean age was 44 years (range, 20 to 84 years). Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 7 injuries, a snowmobile accident for 1, skydiving for 1, and balloon angioplasty of a coarctation for 1. Average diameter of the proximal landing zone was 25 mm (range, 23 to 29 mm). Mean external iliac size was 10 mm (range, 7 to 15 mm), and no conduits were required. Immediate technical success was 90%, with no 30-day mortality. Seven patients underwent repair acutely (< or =24 hours) and three patients subacutely (range, 4 days to 2 months) for pseudoaneurysm. Four patients had procedures for concomitant injuries before their transection was repaired (3 laparotomies and a fixation for open fracture). One endoleak was noted, which resolved by the 1-month follow-up. The lone device-related complication was an endograft collapse at 5 months managed by repeat endografting, which was complicated by aortoesophageal fistula requiring esophagectomy and open reconstruction. No iliac injuries occurred. At 20-months of mean follow-up (range, 2 to 70 months), all patients are alive and well. CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR for traumatic aortic transection is feasible, with good initial success. Repair can be delayed in selected cases. Continued surveillance is necessary to ensure good long-term outcomes in these young patients. Care must be taken when performing TEVAR for this off-label indication because these devices are designed for the larger aortic diameters of aneurysm patients.     

Transventricular aortic cannulation for repair of aortic dissection

We have used transventricular aortic cannulation as arterial inflow from the heart-lung machine in seven consecutive operations done in 1 year for acute aortic dissection. Satisfactory cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved in all patients.     

Transesophageal echocardiography-guided closed aortic plication for intraoperative aortic dissection

A 71-year-old female who developed introperative aortic dissection after coronary artery bypass grafting underwent a successful closed aortic plication with obliteration of the intimal tear under image guided transesophageal echocardiography.     

Total aortic arch graft replacement for recurrent aortic aneurysm

We successfully performed a total aortic arch replacement for a recurrent aortic aneurysm following repair of an aortic dissection. A 59-year-old man underwent a patch aortoplasty through median sternotomy for Stanford type B aortic dissection in other hospital. Three years and 6 months later an aneurysm developed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an enlargement of the aneurysm, resulting in a diagnosis of recurrent distal aortic arch aneurysm. A graft replacement of the total aortic arch with the aid of selective cerebral perfusion was performed through a median resternotomy and left lateral thoracotomy. Additional left lateral thoracotomy offered a sufficiently optimal operating field for distal anastomosis. However, care must be taken not to overlook the bleeding from intercostal arteries. Since aortoplasty may lead to subsequent dilation and aneurysmal formation, initial replacement of the segment of the aorta is recommended, and careful long-term follow-up of the patient is important.