左和右半结肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后差异的分析

目的 探讨左和右半结肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后差异.方法 选取2016年1月至2019年12月本院收治的73例结肠癌患者作为研究对象,左半结肠癌46例,右半结肠癌27例,观察左、右半结肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后.结果 右半结肠女性比例更高,左半结肠男性比例更高;左右两侧年龄主要集中于≤65岁;右半结肠患者临床特征主要为腹痛、便血、体质量下降,大体分型主要为溃疡型或隆起型;左半结肠临床特征主要为肠梗阻,大体分型主要为溃疡型或浸润型,右半结肠病理学分型主要为中低分化腺癌,左半结肠主要为中高分化腺癌;右半结肠、左半结肠的Duke分期主要分布于B期,同时右半结肠的Duke分期相对更晚;左右两侧平均生存期比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.278,P=0.103);右半结肠的5年生存率(41.38％)低于左半结肠(73.33％),差异有统计学意义(c2=7.086,P=0.043);右半结肠肿瘤大于左半结肠,右半结肠患者脉管瘤栓发生率更高,左半结肠发生淋巴结转移比例更高.结论 左、右半结肠癌临床病理特征及预后并不完全相同,右半结肠癌女性发病率更高,低分化腺癌更多,Duke分期相对更晚,5年生存率更低.     

左右半结肠癌根治性切除术患者的临床病理特征及预后对比

目的 比较左、右半结肠癌根治性切除术患者的临床病理特征和预后。方法 分析2010年1月— 2013年12月哈励逊国际和平医院行根治性手术的196例结肠癌患者临床病理资料,根据肿瘤位置分为右半结肠癌组（104例）和左半结肠癌组（92例）,比较两组临床病理特征及预后是否存在差异。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,比较用Log-rank χ2检验,多因素分析采用Cox回归模型。结果 右半结肠癌组患者年龄偏大、低分化或黏液腺癌比例高、淋巴结检出数目高。临床首发症状中,右半结肠癌组贫血或体重下降比例高,而左半结肠癌组中便血或排便习惯改变比例高。全组中位随访时间为69个月。右半结肠癌组与左半结肠癌组的5年无病生存率（DFS）分别为53.8%和70.5%（P?>0.05）,5年总生存率（OS）分别为65.4%和77.2%（P?< 0.05）。pTNM Ⅱ期中,右半结肠癌组与左半结肠癌组的5年DFS分别为62.7%和70.0%（P?>0.05）,5年OS分别为74.6%和78.0%（P?>0.05）;pTNM Ⅲ期中,右半结肠癌组与左半结肠癌组的5年DFS分别为36.6%和65.1%（P?<0.05）,5年OS分别为48.8%和71.4%（P?<0.05）。多因素分析显示,pTNM分期[HlR=3.07（95% CI：1.95,4.85）]和pT分期[HlR=1.83（95% CI：1.38,2.43）]是影响结肠癌术后DFS的独立危险因素,pT分期[HlR= 1.91（95% CI：1.41,2.61）]及pN分期[HlR=2.21（95% CI：1.62,3.00）]是影响结肠癌术后OS的独立危险因素,而肿瘤位置不是影响结肠癌预后的危险因素。结论 左右半结肠癌临床病理特征存在差异。右半结肠癌整体预后较左半结肠癌差,在Ⅲ期患者中更明显。     

不同病理类型的左右半结肠癌预后分析

目的 探讨不同病理类型的左、右半结肠癌的预后.方法 将2005年1月至2010年12月东莞市人民医院收治的386例结肠癌患者按照肿瘤病理分型分为A组(低/未分化腺癌+黏液腺癌+印戒细胞癌)152例、B组(高/中分化腺癌)234例;同时按肿瘤部位分为右半结肠癌和左半结肠癌.分析肿瘤不同临床病理分型及部位与患者预后的关系.结果 A组患者肿瘤TNM分期、T分期、N分期及血清癌胚抗原水平均显著高于B组患者(P<0.05);右半结肠癌患者T分期及N分期均显著高于左半结肠癌患者(P<0.05);A组病理类型在右结肠癌中更常见(P<0.05).A组患者5年生存率52.43%低于B组55.77%(P<0.05);右半结肠癌患者的5年生存率53.66%也低于左半结肠癌患者55.24%(P<0.05).在A组患者中,右半结肠癌的5年生存率高于左半结肠癌(52.82% vs 50.71%,P<0.05);而在B组患者中,右半结肠癌与左半结肠癌的5年生存率差异无统计学意义(56.14% vs 54.27%,P>0.05).结论 在低分化腺癌/黏液癌/印戒细胞癌中,右半结肠癌患者的预后好于左半结肠癌;而在高/中分化的腺癌中,右半结肠癌患者的5年生存率较左半结肠癌呈降低趋势.     

左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌的临床及病理特征比较

目的比较左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌的临床及病理特征。方法选取920例结肠癌患者展开研究,其中左半结肠癌200例,右半结肠癌720例;比较左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤组织类型、病理分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移情况等临床资料及病理特征。结果左、右半结肠癌组患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤组织类型、病理分级、浸润深度、神经/脉管浸润、淋巴结转移之间的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,但两者的肿瘤大小、TNM分期、远处转移之间的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。左半结肠癌患者的中位生存期显著长于右半结肠癌患者（P＜0.05）,5年生存率显著高于右半结肠癌患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论右半结肠癌肿低分化与未分化腺癌及黏液腺癌较左半结肠多,浸润深度较左半结肠癌大,神经/脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移较左半结肠癌多,临床要及时对结肠癌实施筛查与诊断。     

351例Ⅰ～Ⅲ期左、右半结肠癌临床病理特征及生存对比研究

目的 探讨Ⅰ～ Ⅲ期左半结肠癌(LCC)、右半结肠癌(RCC)的临床病理特征及生存差异.方法 回顾性分析351例结肠癌手术患者临床资料.其中,RCC 181例,LCC 170例,对两组患者的临床病理特征及生存状况进行比较.结果 男性结肠癌发病率高于女性(62.68％vs.37.32％,P<0.05),男性患者中LCC比例较高,女性患者中RCC比例较高.LCC、RCC发病年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).RCC患者以腹痛、腹胀、腹泻及腹部肿块等首发症状发现;而LCC患者则以便血、排便习惯改变为主要临床首发症状.与LCC患者比较,RCC患者术前更易出现贫血,癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA19-9)水平更易升高;RCC肿瘤体积大,多以中低分化为主,且黏液腺癌、印戒细胞癌占比高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).LCC的5年总生存率明显高于RCC(71.88％vs.60.13％,P=0.012).结论 LCC、RCC的临床病理特征存在明显差异,且LCC患者5年总生存率高于RCC.     

国内左右半结肠癌患者生存率情况Meta分析

目的运用系统评价方法探讨国内左右半结肠癌患者1、3、5年生存率的差异,为临床预后评价及个体化治疗提供循证依据。方法计算机检索CNKI、维普和万方中文数据库,收集比较国内左右半结肠癌预后情况的研究,检索时间均从2010年1月至2020年6月。由2位评价员按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入9个研究,累计纳入2923例研究者,Meta分析显示左右半结肠癌的1年生存率差异不大,分别为94.4%和92.1%,但左半结肠癌的5年生存率明显高于右半结肠癌,分别为57.2%和48.3%(RR=1.68,95%CI:1.44～1.97,P0.00001)。结论左半结肠癌患者的1年生存率与右半结肠癌患者无显著差异,但左半结肠癌患者的3年生存率和5年生存率明显高于右半结肠癌患者。     

左、右半结肠癌临床病理特点分析

目的对比分析左、右半结肠癌患者的临床病理特点。方法选取左、右半结肠癌患者116例,所有患者均接受结肠癌根治切除术并经术后病理活检证实为结肠癌,采用回顾性调查方法对所有患者的性别、临床分期、肿瘤直径、肿瘤大体分型及组织学病理分型等指标进行观察分析,比较左、右半结肠癌患者临床病理特点的差异。结果左半结肠癌以男性多见,而右半结肠癌以女性多见,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);右半结肠癌D期患者比例高于左半结肠癌(P<0.05),其余各期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);右半结肠癌肿瘤直径≥5 cm者所占比例高于左半结肠癌(P<0.05),且肿瘤大体分型以溃疡型为主,病理类型以中、低分化腺癌多见,与左半结肠癌相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论左、右半结肠癌在性别、分期、病理类型、分化程度等方面均存在差异。     

88例中青年胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的临床分析

目的 探讨中青年胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的临床病理特点及预后.方法 回顾性分析解放军第309医院收治的88例经病理证实的50岁以下中青年胸腺瘤伴MG患者的临床病理资料.结果 88例患者中,肿瘤大小多在5 cm以下者,占70.5％,WHO分型以B2型为主,占46.7％,Masaoka分期以Ⅰ、Ⅱ期为主,占77.3％,MG分型以Ⅱb型最多,占63.7％.3年和5年总体生存率分别为97.2％和87.5％.WHO分型中A、AB、B1、B2型与B3型患者的3年生存率分别为98.2％和94.1％(P=0.419),5年生存率分别为88.0％和83.3％(P=1.000).Masaoka分期中Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者与Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者的3年生存率分别为98.1％和94.7％(P=0.461),5年生存率分别为96.2％和60.0％ (P=0.015).结论 中青年胸腺瘤伴MG患者与其他年龄患者相比,其临床病理特点无特殊,生存率较高,Masaoka分期与预后有关.     

左半与右半结肠癌K-RAS基因及肿瘤浸润T细胞表达的比较

目的对左半与右半结肠癌K-RAS基因及肿瘤浸润T细胞（TIL）表达进行对比分析。方法收集2017年1月至2019年1月手术治疗的结直肠癌患者315例。采集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、淋巴转移情况、肿瘤分化程度及病理分期。采用二代测序法检测KRAS基因突变情况,免疫组化染色检测肿瘤组织中TIL（CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞）的表达情况,对左、右半结肠癌的临床特征及K-RAS基因突变、TIL表达情况进行比较。结果左、右半结肠癌患者的性别、年龄、淋巴转移状态、肿瘤分化程度及病理分期的比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;左半结肠癌K-RAS基因野生型的比例高于右半结肠癌,差异有统计学意义（字2=6.27,P＜0.05）;左半结肠癌中TIL的比例高于右半结肠癌,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;右半结肠癌患者肝转移和肺转移比例均高于左半结肠癌,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论左半与右半结肠癌K-RAS基因及肿瘤浸润T细胞的表达存在差异。     

肿瘤部位及临床病理特征对不同TNM分期行结直肠癌根治性切除术患者预后的影响研究

背景　近年来越来越多的临床研究证实,晚期结直肠癌的肿瘤部位、临床病理特征影响患者的预后及靶向药物的治疗疗效。但是对于已行结直肠癌根治性切除术的患者,不同肿瘤部位是否对其预后产生不同影响,尚未有明确定论。目的　探讨不同TNM分期行结直肠癌根治性切除术患者预后的影响因素,并重点分析肿瘤部位及临床病理特征对不同TNM分期结直肠癌患者预后的影响。方法　选取2008年1月-2015年3月河北医科大学第四医院收治的符合研究标准的行结直肠癌根治性切除术的结直肠癌患者2 097例。按照发病部位以脾区为界分为左半结直肠癌组（n=1 711）及右半结直肠癌组（n=386）。回顾性收集患者的临床病理特征,包括性别、年龄、病理类型、家族史及术前肠梗阻、TNM分期、T分期、N分期、M分期、脉管瘤栓情况。采用电话、门诊随访、定期复查方式随访患者生存情况,截至2016-01-31。比较左半结直肠癌组与右半结直肠癌组患者临床病理特征;采用Cox比例风险回归分析探究结直肠癌根治性切除术后患者死亡的影响因素;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同肿瘤部位结直肠癌患者的生存曲线,比较不同TNM分期患者总生存期（OS）（其中Ⅱ~Ⅲ期患者细分为结直肠癌根治性切除术后是否接受辅助化疗）;记录并比较随访满5年的左半结直肠癌组与右半结直肠癌组患者生存时间≥5年的发生情况。结果　左半结直肠癌组与右半结直肠癌组患者病理类型、术前肠梗阻、TNM分期、T分期情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,病理类型、家族史、术前肠梗阻、N分期、M分期是结直肠癌根治性切除术后患者死亡的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。Ⅰ期结直肠癌患者中,左半结直肠癌患者OS优于右半结直肠癌患者（χ2=3.843,P=0.049）。Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者中,左、右半结直肠癌患者OS比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.003,P=0.956）。结直肠癌根治性切除术后未接受辅助化疗的Ⅱ期患者中,左、右半结直肠癌患者OS比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.645,P=0.422）。结直肠癌根治性切除术后接受辅助化疗的Ⅱ期患者中,左、右半结直肠癌患者OS比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.078,P=0.780）。Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者中,左半结直肠癌患者OS优于右半结直肠癌患者（χ2=7.612,P=0.006）。结直肠癌根治性切除术后未接受辅助化疗的Ⅲ期患者中,左、右半结直肠癌患者OS比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.851,P=0.356）。结直肠癌根治性切除术后接受辅助化疗的Ⅲ期患者中,左半结直肠癌患者OS优于右半结直肠癌患者,差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.098,P=0.008）。Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者中,左、右半结直肠癌患者OS比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.504,P=0.478）。2 097例患者中703例患者随访满5年,其中左半结直肠癌组591例（其中直肠癌464例）,右半结直肠癌组112例。随访满5年的患者中,左半结直肠癌组患者生存时间≥5年所占比例〔72.9%（431/591）〕高于右半结直肠癌组〔60.7%（68/112）〕（χ2=6.818,P=0.009）。结论　病理类型、家族史、术前肠梗阻、N分期、M分期是结直肠癌根治性切除术后患者预后的独立影响因素。肿瘤部位对不同TNM分期结直肠癌根治性切除术后患者预后的影响不同,其中TNM分期为Ⅰ期的结直肠癌患者中,左半结直肠癌患者OS较右半结直肠癌患者有明显优势;Ⅲ期患者中,左半结直肠癌患者OS优于右半结直肠癌患者。Ⅱ、Ⅳ期患者中,左、右半结直肠癌OS未见明显差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.