长链非编码RNA与前列腺癌的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（Longnon-coding RNA,LncRNA）在人类生命活动过程中发挥着重要的作用,并维持着正常的细胞功能,然而它们的异常表达与肿瘤发生密切相关。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,LncRNA通过类似癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与前列腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移等调控过程,并由于特定LncRNA在肿瘤当中表达的高特异性,可作为前列腺癌诊断及预后的指标。本文对近年来LncRNA与前列腺癌发生、发展的关系及诊治的研究进展作一综述。     

长链非编码RNA TUC338在前列腺癌组织表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) TUC338在前列腺癌中表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:选取河南大学淮河医院2017年6月到2019年6月收集的65例前列腺癌和癌旁组织作为研究对象,采用转录组学分析差异表达lncRNA,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应分析差异表达lncRNA表达水平;并分析肿瘤组织和分...     

前列腺癌中与雄激素受体功能相关的长链非编码RNA研究进展

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)是一种长度超过200个左右核苷酸的非编码RNA,曾被认为是DNA的"转录噪音",但现已证实其广泛参与基因表达调控,并在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡以及肿瘤的发生、进展过程中起关键作用。目前已有系列lncRNA被证实参与调控前列腺癌进展,包括癌细胞从激素敏感性到去势抵抗性的转化过程等。雄激素受体(AR)是目前临床实践和科学研究共同证实的在前列腺癌发生和进展过程中最为关键作用的调控因子,而当前研究亦证实lncRNA可通过影响AR通路,继而影响前列腺癌的进展和耐药。故此,厘清AR和lncRNA之间的互作关联有助于了解前列腺癌发病或进展的生物学机制,并为前列腺癌的治疗提供一定思路。     

异常表达的长链非编码RNA与前列腺癌关系的研究进展

前列腺癌(PCa)是全球男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,同时也是癌症死亡的常见原因。如今血清标志物的检测已经在很大程度上提高了PCa的早期诊断,然而其潜在的分子机制一直没有完全被人们认识。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在PCa中的潜在作用体现在致癌和抑癌两个方面。LncRNA在绝大多数PCa中异常表达。本文将综述lncRNA在PCa中的异常表达,并讨论其在PCa的诊断、预测、预后、转移以及潜在临床治疗方面所扮演的新角色。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义.相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA(IncRNA)的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究.本文对目前关于IncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为IncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点.     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义。相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究。本文对目前关于lncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为lncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点。     

长链非编码RNA与膀胱癌的研究进展

近年研究发现长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)在正常细胞与肿瘤细胞的基因表达调控中起着重要作用,且lncRNA的异常表达与肿瘤发生、进展密切相关。lncRNA可通过类似癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移等调控过程。由于lncRNA在肿瘤中表达的高特异性,因此,lncRNA可作为疾病的诊断及预后指标,并有望成为疾病治疗的新靶点。本文对近年来lncRNA与膀胱癌发生、进展及诊治等的研究进展作一综述,为临床膀胱癌的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义.相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA(IncRNA)的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究.本文对目前关于IncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为IncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点.     

长链非编码RNA LINC01358在前列腺癌组织中的表达及对前列腺癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)LINC01358在前列腺癌组织中的表达及对前列腺癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法:选取3对前列腺癌和癌旁组织,进行lncRNA芯片检测。利用MSKCC前列腺癌患者芯片数据库,比较LINC01358在前列腺癌癌旁、原发性前列腺癌组织和转移性前列腺癌组织中的表达。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测10对前列腺癌和癌旁组织中LINC01358的表达验证大数据的结果。采用干扰RNA降低前列腺癌细胞株DU145中LINC01358的表达,MTT检测DU145细胞的增殖,Transwell小室法测定细胞迁移。结果:在lncRNA芯片中,共有差异表达的lncRNA 79个,其中在肿瘤组织中高表达的有36个,在肿瘤组织中低表达的有43个,LINC01358在前列腺癌组织中高表达。MSKCC前列腺癌患者芯片数据库中,LINC01358在转移性前列腺癌组织(5.81±0.19,n=19)和原发性前列腺癌组织(5.47±0.04,n=131)中的表达高于癌旁组织(5.15±0.07,n=29),且与前列腺癌患者术后生化复发率相关(log-rank P0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR验证大数据的结果提示,LINC01358在前列腺癌组织(6.02±1.12)中的表达明显高于癌旁组织(3.21±0.21,P0.05)。应用干扰RNA转染DU145细胞后,LINC01358的表达明显下降。并且转染干扰RNA组和对照组相比,前列腺癌细胞增殖能力和迁移能力明显下降。结论:LINC01358在前列腺癌患者组织中高表达,敲低LINC01358表达可抑制前列腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移。LINC01358可能作为癌基因参与前列腺癌的发生发展,有望成为前列腺癌早期诊断指标及基因治疗的新靶点。     

长链非编码RNA MALAT1与前列腺癌的关系

前列腺癌通常是指前列腺腺泡上皮来源的恶性肿瘤,已成为威胁老年男性健康的全球性"杀手"。前列腺癌的进展机制以及治疗策略一直是研究的重点,近年来,长链非编码RNA似乎在这当中发挥重要的作用。长链非编码RNA MALAT1在前列腺癌进展、治疗中发挥关键的作用,其不仅影响前列腺癌生物学特性,在肿瘤转移、侵袭、细胞增殖等方面都起到关键的作用,而且在肿瘤药物治疗中起到调节作用,其作用机制与ceRNA、AR信号通路等有关。本文就长链非编码RNA MALAT1与前列腺癌的关系作一综述,希望能为前列腺癌的诊治提供新的研究方向。     

Critical assessment of preoperative urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 on the accuracy of prostate cancer staging

Background

Knowledge about the staging significance of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) score to better identify pathologic features after radical prostatectomy (RP) is limited and controversial.

Objective

Our aim was to study the clinical staging significance of PCA3 to identify pathologic favorable and/or unfavorable features in the RP specimen.

Design, setting, and participants

Complete retrospective clinical and pathologic data of consecutive men who had undergone RP from three tertiary referral centers including preoperative PCA3 scores (n = 305) and computer-assisted planimetrically measured tumor volume data (n = 160) were available.

Intervention

All patients were treated with RP.

Measurements

PCA3 scores were assessed using the PROGENSA assay (Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA, USA). Beyond standard risk factors (age, digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, biopsy Gleason score, percentage of positive cores), five different PCA3 codings were used in logistic regression models to identify five distinct pathologic end points: (1) low-volume disease (<0.5 ml), (2) insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) according to the Epstein criteria, (3) extracapsular extension (ECE), (4) seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and (5) aggressive disease defined as Gleason sum ≥7. Accuracy estimates of each end point were quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic analysis in models with and without PCA3.

Results and limitations

PCA3 scores were significantly lower in low-volume disease and insignificant PCa (p ≤ 0.001). AUC of multivariable low-volume disease (+2.4 to +5.5%) and insignificant PCa models (+3 to +3.9%) increased when PCA3 was added to standard clinical risk factors. In contradistinction, regardless of its coding, PCA3 scores were not significantly elevated in pathologically confirmed ECE (p = 0.4) or SVI (p = 0.5), respectively. Higher PCA3 scores were associated with aggressive disease (p < 0.001). Importantly, the addition of PCA3 to multivariable intermediate- and high-grade models did not improve prediction. Despite reporting the largest pathologic PCA3 study, the main limitation resides in its small sample size.

Conclusions

PCA3 was confirmed as a valuable predictor of pathologically confirmed low-volume disease and insignificant PCa. Further exploration of its role as an additional marker to select patients for active surveillance may be warranted. In contradistinction, assessment of pathologically advanced or aggressive PCa is not improved using PCA3.     

Long noncoding RNA-mediated activation of androgen receptor in prostate cancer

Remarkable progress has been made in molecular characterization of prostate cancer （PCa） with continued innovations in high throughput technologies evaluating human cancer？-3 Since the completion of the Human Genome Project it has been estimated that only about 1.5%-2% of our genome codes for proteins. Various genome-wide approaches, e.g. the ENCODE project, revealed that a much larger percent of the genome is transcribed as non-protein coding （nc） RNA, including long noncoding （lnc） RNA （over 200bps long）. Although the biological roles of IncRNA （the ＇dark matter of the genome＇） are not nearly as well-understood as the protein coding mRNAs, it is increasingly clear that they play important roles in almost every aspects of biology, including cancer biology.4＇5 This is exemplified by recent genome-wide association studies revealing that over 80% of cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） are in noncoding regions of the genome.     

Review: prostate cancer epidemiology

Prostate cancer is common among men in the United States. Factors of possible importance in the etiology of prostate cancer include diet, primarily implicated by ecologic studies of national, regional, and ethnic variation in rates; endocrine function, implicated by the importance of endocrine function in normal prostatic growth and in the treatment of prostate cancer; genetic susceptibility, supported by familial aggregation; some aspect of sexual behavior, suggested by case-control differences in sexual behavior; and occupational exposure, particularly cadmium exposure. Despite the public health importance of prostate cancer, it has received only moderate epidemiologic study; thus the etiologic importance of these and other possible determinants of prostate cancer risk is uncertain [55].     

Cryotherapy of prostate cancer

Cryosurgical destruction of primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate was performed via perineal route in 215 patients during a 12-year period. The average age of the patients was 66 years. The stage of the disease varied from stage B to D. In 74% of the patients, no clinical evidence of tumor was found in the prostatic fossa following cryosurgery. Few patients needed transurethral surgery and none needed repeated transurethral resections for obstructive symptoms. This experience suggests that local destruction of prostatic carcinoma can be achieved with little morbidity and mortality. Herein we discuss the method of cryosurgery, stage and histology of tumor, survival, local recurrence, and complications.