护士长工作压力与应对方式及心理健康状况的调查分析

目的 了解并分析护士长的工作压力源、应对方式与心理健康状态，为合理选拔考核护士长，有效减轻护士长工作压力并提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法 采用问卷调查法对2所大型综合性教学医院的92名护士长的工作压力源、压力应对方式和心理健康状态进行调查分析。结果 低学历及任职时间10年以上的护士长有较少的工作压力源；学历层次较高的护士长多采用有计划地解决问题的应对方式，而任职时间6～10年的护士长较少采用自我控制的应时方式，护龄6～10年的护士长较多采用疏远等消极的应对方式；学历层次高、护龄在10年以上的护士长具有较好的心理健康状态。结论 在选拔考核护士长时，应充分考虑其个人特点、学历背景与工作经历，并针对不同层次的护士长，采取相应的措施缓解其工作压力，提高心理健康水平，增强管理能力。     

不同学历护生临床实习心理压力和应对方式调查

目的 调查不同学历护生在临床实习过程中的主要压力源和常采用的应对方式,为实习教学和管理提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查法,对在临床实习的90名不同学历护生的压力源和应对方式进行调查.结果 护生压力源总均分为1.05 0.46,处于中度压力水平;其多采用积极的应对方式.不同学历护生的压力源(除出现差错的可能外)和应对方式评分比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).结论 应采取针对性措施缓解实习护生的压力,提高临床教学效果.     

不同任职时长护士长工作体验的质性研究

目的了解不同任职时长护士长管理体验,为护士长的任用和管理提供参考。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法,以半结构访谈方式对18名护士长进行访谈,对访谈资料录音后进行整理、分析。结果不同任职时长护士长的体验不同。任职1～3年的护士长体验主题为:角色转变、建立科室工作制度并期望科室工作安全、赢得他人信服与支持;任职4～9年的体验主题为:初步形成管理模式、科室工作规范化、期望达到更高的成绩;任职≥10年的体验主题为:工作压力降低、工作积极性下降、工作能力下降。结论医院及护理部应对不同任职时长的护士长采取不同的措施,以维持护士长良好的管理状态,提高护理管理质量。     

不同学历护生临床实习心理压力和应对方式调查

目的调查不同学历护生在临床实习过程中的主要压力源和常采用的应对方式，为实习教学和管理提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法，对在临床实习的90名不同学历护生的压力源和应对方式进行调查。结果护生压力源总均分为1.05±0.46，处于中度压力水平；其多采用积极的应对方式。不同学历护生的压力源（除出现差错的可能外）和应对方式评分比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0.05）。结论应采取针对性措施缓解实习护生的压力，提高临床教学效果。     

不同学历护理专业学生特质应对调查分析

目的 了解不同学历护理专业学生(下称护生)面对困难、挫折时的应对方式,为针对性地培养其解决压力事件的能力提供依据.方法 采用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ),对本科、大专、中专各100名护生进行调查.结果 在积极应对方面,本科护生有4项得分较高,大专护生有6项,中专护P生有1项;在消极应对方面,本科护生3项得分较高,大专护生有6项,中专护生得分均较低.结论 不同学历护生的应对方式有各自的特点,应做好针对性的心理健康教育,提高其应对水平.     

合同制护士心理健康和工作压力状况及其与社会支持的相关性

目的探讨合同制护士心理健康和工作压力状况及其与社会支持的相关性调查。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、工作压力测量表和社会支持评定量表(SSRS),对武汉市5所医院223名合同制护士进行调查。结果合同制护士抑郁、焦虑程度显著高于常模(均P0.01);合同制护士得分前5位的压力源分别是工作量妨碍到工作质量、工作负荷太重、晋升机会少、周围冲突应对无力和工作影响家庭生活;合同制护士学历与工作压力呈显著正相关(P0.05);护龄与心理健康呈显著正相关(均P0.01);社会支持与工作压力、心理健康呈显著负相关(P0.05,P0.01)。结论合同制护士工作压力较大,其心理健康水平和工作压力受较多因素的影响,需给予积极的社会支持。     

国内护士心理健康水平的研究现状

综述护士心理健康水平的测量工具以及护士心理健康存在问题的普遍性,护士整体心理健康水平低下,不同性别、学历、护龄、性格特质、医院性质、科室以及所处的应激状态者其心理健康水平存在差异.提出应重视护士心理健康,采取切实的措施和手段提高护士的积极应对方式及社会支持度,以促进护士心理健康.     

不同学历护理专业学生特质应对调查分析

目的了解不同学历护理专业学生（下称护生）面对困难、挫折时的应对方式，为针对性地培养其解决压力事件的能力提供依据。方法采用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ），对本科、大专、中专各100名护生进行调查。结果在积极应对方面，本科护生有4项得分较高，大专护生有6项，中专护生有1项；在消极应对方面，本科护生3项得分较高，大专护生有6项，中专护生得分均较低。结论不同学历护生的应对方式有各自的特点，应做好针对性的心理健康教育，提高其应对水平。     

合同制护士心理健康和工作压力状况及其与社会支持的相关性

目的探讨合同制护士心理健康和工作压力状况及其与社会支持的相关性调查。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、工作压力测量表和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）,对武汉市5所医院223名合同制护士进行调查。结果合同制护士抑郁、焦虑程度显著高于常模（均P〈0.01）;合同制护士得分前5位的压力源分别是工作量妨碍到工作质量、工作负荷太重、晋升机会少、周围冲突应对无力和工作影响家庭生活;合同制护士学历与工作压力呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）;护龄与心理健康呈显著正相关（均P〈0.01）;社会支持与工作压力、心理健康呈显著负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论合同制护士工作压力较大,其心理健康水平和工作压力受较多因素的影响,需给予积极的社会支持。     

手术室护士工作压力源及应对方式调查

采用护士工作压力源量表和应对方式量表对108名手术室护士进行调查.结果手术室护士工作压力源依次为护理专业及工作方面的问题、工作量及时间分配问题、环境及资源方面的问题、病人护理方面的问题、管理及人际关系方面的问题;不同年龄、职称、学历的手术室护士感受到的工作压力程度有所不同;手术室护士面对工作压力时多能采取积极应对方式.提示手术室护士承受着多种工作压力,管理者应采取针对性的措施消除或减少其压力源.     

Job stress,mental health and job satisfaction among UK senior nurses

Given that nursing is a potentially high-stress occupation, the present study examines the effect of specific occupational stressors, coping strategies and type A behaviour on job satisfaction and mental well-being of 475 UK senior nurses. Several stressors were identified which had a negative impact on job satisfaction. However, only stress associated with the nurse manager's workload was consistently found to be a predictor of mental health outcome measures. In addition, cognitive and behavioural coping techniques were noted.     

护理SARS病人的护士心理健康状况与应付方式研究

目的了解参与SARS护理工作人员在高危险、高传染性、高强度工作压力下的心理健康状况及应付方式 ,为管理者制定护士心理卫生保健措施提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、应付方式问卷 (CSQ) ,对参与SARS工作的 96名护士 (SARS护士 )及 6 4名从事急救工作的护士和 73名普通内、外科护士进行心理健康状况及应付方式的调查。结果SARS护士心理健康状况与急救、普通护士比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ;但在应付方式上SARS护士相对优于其他护士 (除幻想因子外 ,均P <0 .0 5 ) ;6 1.4 5 %SARS护士应用成熟型应付方式 ,且心理健康状况相对优于不成熟型和混合型的SARS护士。结论SARS护士心理健康状况良好 ,大部分SARS护士采用最优应付方式。护理管理者应加强整体护理队伍心理素质训练和建立健全护士支持系统 ,提高群体应付水平。     

OCCUPATIONAL STRESS,JOB SATISFACTION AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG EMPLOYEES OF AN ACQUIRED TV COMPANY IN HONG KONG

The Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was adopted to investigate the sources of stress, job satisfaction, coping strategies, mental and physical health of workers. Data were collected from 101 employees of an acquired TV company in Hong Kong. Workers' perceived work pressure was negatively related to job satisfaction, and positively related to mental and physical ill-health. Among these employees, sources of stress were negatively related to job satisfaction, and positively related to mental and physical ill-health. Opposite findings were obtained for coping strategies, which were positively related to job satisfaction, and negatively related to mental and physical ill-health. Regression analyses were employed to reveal the predictors for strain effects. The results showed that a combination of stressors related statistically significantly to the strain effects, but only a few individual stressors were strong predictors. ‘Relationships with other people’ and ‘organizational structure and climate’ were strong predictors of job satisfaction, whereas ‘managerial role’ was a strong predictor of both mental and physical ill-health. The middle managers reported highest scores on some sources of stress and physical ill-health. Further, the results of this study provide some validation data for the OSI in a Chinese sample. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout Among Refugee Resettlement Workers: The Role of Coping and Emotional Intelligence

To promote a better understanding of the impact of refugee resettlement work on refugee resettlement workers, this study examined the prevalence rates of deleterious mental health and occupational outcomes, such as secondary traumatic stress and burnout, among a sample of 210 refugee resettlement workers at six refugee resettlement agencies in the United States. The study also explored coping mechanisms used by service providers to manage work‐related stress and the influence of such strategies and emotional intelligence on secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Our findings show that certain coping strategies, including self‐distraction, humor, venting, substance use, behavioral disengagement, and self‐blame, were strongly related to deleterious outcomes, βs = .18 to .38, ps = .023 to < .001. Emotional intelligence was a negative correlate for all outcomes, βs = ?.25 to ?.30, ps < .001, above and beyond the effects of trauma, coping styles, job, and demographic characteristics. These findings have potential implications for clinical training and organizational policy regarding refugee mental health.     

Effects of private self-consciousness and control on the occupational stress-strain relationship

It was hypothesized, based on the cybernetic stress model, that the occupational stress-strain relationship is moderated by private self-consciousness (PSC) and control. If the possibility to control is perceved as favourable, high PSC was assumed to buffer against strain by inceasing the likelihood of active coping with stressors. In the opposite case, when the possibilities of controlling job stressors are experienced as low, high PSC was assumed to exacerbate the relationship between stress and strain, because paying attention to internal reactions to stressors beyond one's control only intensifies the experience of distress. Support for these hypotheses was obtained by the questionnaire method and hierarchical moderated regression analyses with a sample of 377 nurses. Consistently with the cybernetic model, the effects of work overload on mental strain symptoms depended on perceived control, especially among high PSC individuals. Work overload produced fewest mental symptoms when PSC and control were high, and most mental symptoms when PSC was high but control low. If PSC was low, the effects of stressors were between the two extremes. Implications for further research on the cybernetic stress model are discussed.     

骨科护理人员共情能力现状与相关因素分析

目的：探讨骨科护理人员共情能力现状与职业认同、社会支持及工作压力之间的相互关系。方法抽取武汉市4家三甲医院228名骨科护理人员为调查对象,以中文版杰弗逊共情量表、护理人员职业认同评定量表、社会支持量表和护理人员工作压力源量表进行问卷调查。以共情能力及其各维度为自变量,以一般资料、职业认同、社会支持和工作压力为自变量建立回归模型。结果骨科护理人员共情能力得分为（5.41±0.81）分。共情能力与职业认同、社会支持呈正相关,与工作压力呈负相关,文化程度、婚姻状况、工作年限、工作压力、社会支持和职业认同均会影响护理人员的共情能力。结论护理人员的共情能力受多方面因素的影响。护理管理者应根据护理人员自身的特点进行针对性的培训,注重各方面能力的培养,提高其职业认同和社会支持,减轻工作压力,提高护理人员的共情能力。     

Work stress and depression: the direct and moderating effects of informal social support and coping

This article investigated the relationship between job stressors and employee mental health (depression). It also examined the direct and moderating effects of informal social support (objective and subjective) and coping (active coping, overeating and drinking, passivity, and distancing) on the relationships. Survey data were collected from 843 employees in eight types of domestic- and foreign-invested enterprises in China. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that increased exposure to job stressors was directly associated with higher levels of depression. Subjective informal social support and passivity were found to have direct effect on employees' depression. Further, objective informal social support and distancing buffered the negative effect of job stressors on depression. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A critical incident analysis of stress-coping behaviours at work

Several instruments have been developed to assess coping strategies used by individuals during stressful transactions, but many of these focus on global styles of coping, rather than the specific behaviours which individuals engage in. Also, coping measures often do not link coping responses with specific stressors, nor do they gauge the outcomes of different actions taken by an individual experiencing strain. This article explores the use of critical incident analysis (CIA) to identify stress-coping behaviours. CIA focuses on three components of a stressful transaction: the stressor(s), the behavioural responses of the individual and the consequences of those responses. While some previous studies have utilized this technique, the present research examined these three components concurrently, in the arena of work-related strain. Advantages and limitations of CIA for exploring coping with job stress are highlighted.     

Which constructs can predict emotional exhaustion in a working population? A study into its determinants

The main objective of this study was to examine the psychosocial stress model developed by Taylor and Aspinwall with emotional exhaustion as the outcome variable. Respondents, 409 men and 346 women, who had a paid job for at least 20 hours per week, completed questionnaires concerning demographic variables, personality, temperament, work pressure, workload, perceived social support, appraisal, coping, and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation analyses provided only partial support for the validity of the model. First, on theoretical and statistical grounds, one more path linking external resources to social support was added. Second, contrary to expectations, coping styles did not predict emotional exhaustion. To conclude, when coping is measured retrospectively, it does not add to our understanding of emotional exhaustion. It is suggested that future studies should be longitudinal and include objective measures of stressors and psychosocial health outcomes in addition to self‐reports. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.