64层螺旋CT对急性冠脉综合征患者斑块成分的评价

目的评价心电门控的64层螺旋CT检测急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者冠脉内斑块成分的价值及其局限性。方法对经选择性冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的49例患者(其中ACS组23例,非ACS组26例)进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,对主要冠状动脉内的斑块成分进行评价。斑块的CT值用HounsfieldUnits(HU)表示。结果两组之间的斑块数量无差别,在罪犯病变中ACS组斑块的平均CT值(21±16)HU低于非ACS患者斑块的平均CT值(76±14)HU;两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在非罪犯血管有斑块的19例ACS患者中,罪犯冠脉节段的斑块CT值(19±19)HU低于非罪犯冠脉节段的斑块CT值(48±16)HU;两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ACS组Ⅱ型斑块CT值(25±13)HU低于Ⅰ型斑块(46±17)HU,同时,非ACS组Ⅱ型斑块CT值(64±8)HU也低于Ⅰ型斑块(88±14)HU,两者比较差异均有有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在Ⅰ型病变和Ⅱ型病变中,ACS组斑块CT值均低于非ACS组,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论64层螺旋CT能够有效检测冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块的成分并提示其稳定性,受到图像质量和评价方法的影响,其临床应用具有一定的局限性。     

肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的：探讨肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的CT及MRI诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。结果：CT扫描显示肾上腺区低密度肿块9例，混杂密度肿块7例，实性肿块1例，8例钙化，1例出血，11例增强扫描无明显强化；4例MRI检查示右侧肾上腺区肿块T1WI、T2WI均呈高信号，结论：CT及MRI在诊断肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤中具有重要价值。     

ECG-gated multislice spiral computed tomography to clarify lesion severity in a case of left main stenosis

This case report describes the use of retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) for evaluation of lesion severity in a patient with relevant left main stenosis by visual analysis of the coronary angiogram. For further diagnostic evaluation the patient underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, which showed a maximal 30% area stenosis, and MSCT, which demonstrated a maximal 48% area stenosis. MSCT was useful in this case to defer cardiac surgery and might be used as a noninvasive alternative to IVUS imaging in case of doubtful lesion severity.     

左、右优势型冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块负荷差异

目的 观察左、右优势型冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化斑块负荷差异。方法 纳入冠脉呈左优势型(左冠优势组)及右优势型(右冠优势组)的患者各63例，比较组间节段受累评分(SIS),分析其冠脉粥样硬化负荷差异。结果 2组冠脉斑块负荷差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.026,P=0.311)。左冠优势组低危负荷斑块多于右冠优势组(χ²=4.493,P=0.034)。2组SIS差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);而组间整体及男性患者右冠节段SIS差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 右优势型冠脉出现高危负荷粥样硬化斑块的风险高于左优势型；且左、右优势型冠脉右冠节段SIS差异显著，特别是在男性中。     

一体化PET/MR用于缺血性心脏病进展

PET和MRI诊断心血管疾病价值均较高.PET/MR一体机的出现为心血管系统成像带来了新的希望和挑战.心脏PET/MR融合了 PET定量测量、分子水平成像和MR动态功能和解剖评价于一体,可一站式完成心血管检查,应用潜力较好.本文对一体化PET/MR在心脏显像中的技术问题及其在缺血性心脏病的临床应用现状及前景进行综述.     

MRI诊断脊柱损伤的影像学表现及临床应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)诊断脊柱损伤的影像学表现及临床应用价值.方法 对我院收治的150例疑似脊柱损伤患者实施计算机断层扫描(CT)、MRI检查,以病理诊断结果为金标准,比较CT、MRI对脊柱损伤的诊断效能及对不同类型脊柱损伤的诊断符合率.结果MRI诊断脊柱损伤的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于CT(P<0.05)....     

韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像学表现

目的探讨韧带样型纤维瘤病(DF)的影像学表现。方法回顾分析经手术病理证实的17例DF的影像学表现,分析其CT或/和MRI特征。结果 17例均为单发病变,其中腹壁外型10例,腹壁型5例,腹内型(肠系膜)2例,共进行了10次CT、10次MRI检查,其中3例均行CT和MRI检查。CT检查10例,9例平扫呈等密度,密度均匀,1例腹内型DF平扫局部呈稍高密度;增强扫描5例,其中4例为轻度强化,另1例腹内型DF增强呈环形明显强化;2例延迟扫描呈渐进性强化。MRI检查有10例,T_1WI均为等信号,9例T_2WI、SPIR序列为高信号,内部信号欠均;1例腹内型DF内部见斑片状短T2低信号,SPIR呈低信号。6例DF行增强扫描,病灶呈中度、明显不均匀强化,内部可见点状、条索状、片状无强化区。结论 DF的CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,MRI更能反映病灶内组织学特点。     

影像学评估免疫治疗后肿瘤假性进展和超进展北大核心CSCD

免疫治疗过程中,肿瘤可出现假性进展或超进展。实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)协作组优化了免疫治疗实体瘤疗效的评价标准,以提高识别肿瘤假性进展的能力;但目前对于超进展尚缺乏统一诊断标准,部分研究以肿瘤生长速率(TGR)等动力学指标评价肿瘤加速生长的动态特征。影像组学及MR功能成像在评估肿瘤免疫治疗方面展现出巨大潜力。本文对影像学评估免疫治疗致肿瘤假性进展和超进展的研究现状进行综述。     

儿童神经母细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨儿童神经母细胞瘤的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的40例儿童神经母细胞瘤的临床及影像资料。结果:40例患者中,原发于腹膜后22例,纵隔10例,颈部4例,盆腔2例,仅发现颅内及眼眶转移灶者各1例。按Evans肿瘤分期,Ⅳ期16例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅱ期9例及Ⅰ期3例。原发于腹部的肿瘤有15例转移,发生于纵隔者有6例转移,而颈部及盆腔肿瘤各有2例和1例转移,25例骨髓穿刺镜检发现有骨髓转移14例。结论:影像学诊断能为神经母细胞瘤的病灶定位、肿瘤分期及临床随访提供有价值的参考信息。     

外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤的影像学表现

目的：探讨发生于多部位的外周型原始神经外胚层肿瘤（pPNETs）的CT及MRI表现,以提高对该病的影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的14例多部位pPNETs的临床及影像资料。其中男10例,女4例。结果发病年龄12～58岁,平均年龄34.29岁。除2例发生于皮肤下软组织病灶较小外,其余病灶都较大,最大平均直径为8 cm,表现为侵袭性软组织肿块,以替代和（或）推移邻近结构方式生长,CT表现为肿块内密度不均,其内未见钙化,骨质破坏区未见骨质硬化、瘤骨形成和骨膜反应,增强后呈不均匀轻至中度强化;MR表现为肿块T1WI与肌肉呈等信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,2例在DWI上呈高信号,瘤内多发囊变坏死区及纤细低信号分隔,增强后不均匀明显强化。结论 pPNETs的CT和MRI表现无明显特异性,但CT与MR能较准确描述肿瘤发生部位、内部及周边结构关系及转移情况,对临床治疗和长期随访有重要的指导价值。     

恶性外耳道炎影像学表现及预后

目的分析恶性外耳道炎(MEO)的影像学表现及其预后。方法回顾性分析13例经病理确诊的MEO患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 MEO主要临床症状包括耳痛(13/13,100%)、外耳道流脓(10/13,76.92%)及听力下降(5/13,38.46%)。HRCT主要表现为外耳道和中耳鼓室内异常软组织影及周围骨质受累,13例(13/13,100%)外耳道和10例(10/13,76.92%)中耳鼓室见异常软组织影,7例(7/13,53.85%)颞骨鼓部、9例(9/13,69.23%)岩鼓裂、7例(7/13,53.85%)茎突、6例(6/13,46.15%)乳突、3例(3/13,23.08%)下颌骨髁突、3例(3/13,23.08%)颈静脉孔见溶骨性骨质破坏。MRI表现为外耳道和中耳鼓室及周围软组织受累,8例(8/8,100%)外耳道、7例(7/8,87.50%)中耳鼓室、8例(8/8,100%)乳突、7例(7/8,87.50%)颞下颌关节、7例(7/8,87.50%)颞下窝、8例(8/8,100%)咽旁间隙、5例(5/8,62.50%)腮腺平扫可见异常软组织信号,增强后明显强化;其中7例颅内侵犯...     

Multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance quantifies regional variation in vascular structure and function in patients with coronary artery disease: Relationships with coronary disease severity

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the vessel wall is highly reproducible and can evaluate both changes in plaque burden and composition. It can also measure aortic compliance and endothelial function in a single integrated examination. Previous studies have focused on patients with pre-identified carotid atheroma. We define these vascular parameters in patients presenting with coronary artery disease and test their relations to its extent and severity.

Methods and Results

100 patients with CAD [single-vessel (16%); two-vessel (39%); and three-vessel (42%) non-obstructed coronary arteries (3%)] were studied. CAD severity and extent was expressed as modified Gensini score (mean modified score 12.38 ± 5.3). A majority of carotid plaque was located in the carotid bulb (CB). Atherosclerosis in this most diseased segment correlated modestly with the severity and extent of CAD, as expressed by the modified Gensini score (R = 0.251, P < 0.05). Using the AHA plaque classification, atheroma class also associated with CAD severity (rho = 0.26, P < 0.05). The distal descending aorta contained the greatest plaque, which correlated with the degree of CAD (R = 0.222; P < 0.05), but with no correlation with the proximal descending aorta, which was relatively spared (R = 0.106; P = n. s.). Aortic distensibility varied along its length with the ascending aorta the least distensible segment. Brachial artery FMD was inversely correlated with modified Gensini score (R = -0.278; P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, distal descending aorta atheroma burden, distensibility of the ascending aorta, carotid atheroma class and FMD were independent predictors of modified Gensini score.

Conclusions

Multimodal vascular CMR shows regional abnormalities of vascular structure and function that correlate modestly with the degree and extent of CAD.     

Sonography of Abdominal Wall Masses and Masslike Lesions

Sonography is usually regarded as a first‐line imaging modality for masses and masslike lesions in the abdominal wall. A dynamic study focusing on a painful area or palpable mass and the possibility of ultrasound‐guided aspiration or biopsy are the major advantages of sonography. On the other hand, cross‐sectional imaging clearly shows anatomy of the abdominal wall; thereby, it is valuable for diagnosing and evaluating the extent of diseases. Cross‐sectional imaging can help differentiate neoplastic lesions from non‐neoplastic lesions. This pictorial essay focuses on sonographic findings of abdominal wall lesions compared with computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings.     

脊柱孤立性浆细胞瘤的临床及影像学分析

目的：分析脊柱孤立性浆细胞瘤的临床和影像学特点,以提高认识。方法经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的脊柱孤立性浆细胞瘤5例,均行X线检查,4例行CT三维扫描,4例行MRI检查（其中增强扫描3例）。结果全部病例均位于胸椎,影像学上主要表现为不同程度溶骨性骨质破坏、软组织肿块,增强扫描明显均匀强化。结论影像学检查可较为详细地显示脊柱孤立性浆细胞瘤的病变特征,为其诊断及临床诊疗提供帮助。     

软组织血管瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨各种影像学检查方法(X线平片,血管造影,CT和MRI)在诊断软组织血管瘤的作用。材料和方法:回顾性分析38例血管瘤患者的影像资料,全部患者进行了X线、CT检查,25例做了血管造影检查,35例做了MRA检查。结果:除组织深部的血管瘤均表现软组织肿胀,密度不均。X线平片出现静脉石,对软组织血管瘤的诊断具有重要意义,但在本组病例中静脉石的出现率只占40%;血管造影可显示供养血管的来源及血管团,并与动-静脉畸形鉴别;且能明确病变的大小和范围。CT和MRI对肿瘤的性质帮助很大,并能精确地确定病变的部位、大小及邻近组织的关系,为手术提供依据。但是,CT由于是轴位扫描,所以肿瘤范围难以确定。结论:CT和MRI对本病的诊断明显优于普通X线平片。CT扫描肿瘤边界难以确定,增强扫描有风险。MRI检查具有安全、无创的优点,故本病应首选X线相辅助的检查方法,MRI检查必不可少,准备手术的患者可选择血管造影。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学研究

目的:研究中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学特点。方法:回顾性研究经病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤12例,男6例,女6例,年龄17~55岁,平均33.8岁,分析其MRI及CT表现。结果:肿瘤均位于透明隔及侧脑室,邻近Monro孔处,5例进入第三脑室,T1WI及T2WI均表现为与皮层灰质相等或略高信号,边缘清楚,体积较大,边缘及内部可见多发囊泡,常见钙化。结论:年轻人透明隔及侧脑室多囊有钙化肿瘤,应高度怀疑中枢神经细胞瘤,MRI是术前诊断中枢神经细胞瘤的最佳影像学方法,CT对肿瘤钙化更为敏感。     

In vivo visualization of lipid coronary atheroma with intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has become a major health burden and is expected to further increase in the future. Better predictive approaches for ASCVD and more efficacious therapies are required to further improve cardiovascular outcomes. Intravascular imaging has contributed to the elucidation of atherosclerotic mechanisms and evaluation of novel therapies. Near-infrared spectroscopy has enabled the visualization of the lipid extent of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Given that lipid accumulation is considered to promote the formation and progression of atherosclerosis, this technology may harbor the potential to identify subjects with high cardiovascular risks and thus adopt more optimized therapeutic approaches.

Areas covered: This review will outline the characteristics of NIRS, its validation data and in vivo findings of NIRS imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. The comparisons of NIRS with other imaging modalities will reveal the distinct capability of NIRS imaging to monitor high-risk atheroma harboring lipidic composition. Furthermore, the predictive ability of NIRS-derived measures in the occurrence of ASCVD will be summarized.

Expert commentary: Ex vivo and in vivo findings suggest NIRS imaging as a potential tool for cardiovascular risk assessment and monitoring the benefit of pharmacological approaches.     

Imaging diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism represents a major public healthcare problem and it also imposes frequent clinical diagnostic issues. Despite the availability of the D-dimer tests, imaging remains the mainstay for its diagnosis. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is now the most widely used diagnostic test and its utility has been well validated in a large number of trials. Nuclear medicine techniques, which are also well established, are now used significantly less frequently. Magnetic resonance pulmonary angiography is developing as an alternative to CTPA in patients who have contraindications to iodinated contrast media. Catheter pulmonary angiography remains the gold standard, although it is being used increasingly less frequently. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the imaging diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism with special emphasis on the noninvasive techniques.     

The assessment of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque using MR imaging: a brief review

The study of atherosclerotic disease during its natural history and after therapeutic intervention may enhance our understanding of the progression and regression of this disease and will aid in selecting the appropriate medical treatments or surgical interventions. Several invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques are available to assess atherosclerotic disease vessels. Most of these techniques are strong in identifying the morphological features of the disease such as lumenal diameter and stenosis or wall thickness, and in some cases provide an assessment of the relative risk associated with the atherosclerotic disease. However, none of these techniques can fully characterize the composition of the atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel wall and therefore are incapable of identifying the vulnerable plaques. High-resolution, multi-contrast, magnetic resonance (MR) can non-invasively image vulnerable plaques and characterize plaques in terms of lipid and fibrous content and identify the presence of thrombus or calcium. Application of MR imaging opens up whole new areas for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis.     

结节性硬化症多系统损害影像学表现

目的 探讨结节性硬化症（TSC）多系统损害影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析28例 TSC患者的临床及影像学表现。结果 28例TSC患者均有脑异常改变,包括室管膜下结节28例,皮层结节25例,脑白质异常15例,室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤并脑积水2例。脑外病变包括肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤10例,椎体、椎弓骨质局限性硬化5例,肝脏错构瘤4例,肺淋巴管肌瘤病3例和视网膜错构瘤2例。结论 TSC主要累及脑,可并存多系统损害;影像学检查有利于明确诊断。