笑得比你好

你常常会自信地说:我能当一个演员,比巩俐,梁天要强得多。到底是真是假,请你先给大家笑一笑: 微笑、嗤笑、哄笑、乱笑、呆笑 巧笑、狞笑、干笑、欢笑、艳笑 傻笑、苦笑、讥笑、哂笑、调笑 恶笑、哭笑、假笑、狂笑、憨笑 嘲笑、冷笑、淫笑、讪笑、浪笑 奸笑、大笑、涕笑、耻笑、暗笑 偷笑、媚笑 苦恼的笑、疯狂的笑、尽情的笑 苦涩的笑、贫婪的笑、温暖的笑 羞涩的笑、真诚的笑、温情的笑 酸涩的笑、灿烂的笑、欢快的笑 虚伪的笑、放浪的笑、欢乐的笑     

维生素和矿物质的最佳食物来源

维生素A的最佳食物来源 动物肝脏、菠菜、甜瓜、甘蓝、花菜、杏、胡萝卜、红心甜薯等。 维生素D的最佳食物来源 鳕鱼、鱼肝油、大马哈鱼、金枪鱼、牛乳(加维生素D)。 维生素E的最佳食物来源 油、杏仁、向日葵籽、全麦、小麦胚芽、花生、芝麻、核桃仁、肝等。 维生素B_1的最佳食物来源 向日葵籽、啤酒、酵母、火腿、全麦粉、燕麦片、青豌豆、黄豆、粗粮、瘦猪肉、肝、肾等。 维生素B_2的最佳食物来源 肝、牛奶、牛肉、啤酒、酵母、向日葵籽、火腿、花菜、蛋、鳝鱼、肾、绿叶茶、鲜豆类等。 尼克酸的最佳食物来源 金枪鱼、鸡、火鸡、向日葵籽、火腿、菜花、花生、肉类、肝、酵母等。 维生素B_6的最佳食物来源 小麦胚芽、香蕉、荞麦粉、向日葵籽、花生、番     

糖尿病人如何选择食物

随意吃的食物　油菜、大白菜、小白菜、菠菜、青菜、苜蓿、芹菜、韭菜、莲花白、西红柿、黄瓜、冬瓜、西葫芦、苦瓜、丝瓜、豆制品、乳类、鱼虾、海带等。节制的食物　面粉、大米、小米、玉米、荞面、黄豆、赤小豆、绿豆以及花生米等 ;含糖较高的食物 ,如红薯、土豆、莲菜、粉条、粉皮、西瓜、甜瓜、哈蜜瓜、苹果、香蕉、梨、荔枝、大枣、桃、柿子、杏等 ;肉类蛋类在日常饮食中也应予以节制。忌用的食物　红糖、白糖、冰糖、蜂蜜。水果糖、果酱、水果罐头、甜饮料、各种甜糕点等。另外 ,糖尿病患者应经常吃高纤维食物 ,如麦夫皮、豆腐渣、硬…     

家庭医学教育

请选出正确答案(每题的正确答案只有一个)。1、婴儿出生后的最好食品是()A、牛奶B、母乳C、含多种营养成分的代乳品2、家里用的脸盆和脚盆应怎样使用()A、分开使用B、不分开使用C、都可以3、心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素是()A、肥胖者、失眠B、吸烟者、多食C、高血压、糖尿病4、老鼠能传播哪些疾病()A、疟疾、乙脑B、流行性出血热、鼠疫C、肺结核、乙脑5、糖尿病的“三多一少”症状是()A、多汗、多食、多尿、消瘦B、多食、多便、多尿、消瘦C、多饮、多尿、多食、消瘦6、高血压病人的饮食禁忌是()A、多饮B、多盐C、多食7、肺结核病人…     

性格不同，饮食当别

性格不稳定的人 要多食用含钙丰富的大豆、菠菜、牛奶、花生、橙、蚝、芝麻等,还应多食含磷丰富的栗子、杏、葡萄、虾、蟹、鸡肉、土豆、蛋黄等食物。 容易动怒的人 应常食用贝、虾、蟹、鱼、海带等海产品以改善性格,稳定情绪。同时还要多吃富含维生素B的食物,如大蒜、油菜、土豆、茄子、南瓜、黄花菜、香蕉、苹果、玉米等。 优柔寡断的人 多食肉类,同时大量食用水果蔬菜,也     

《读者问卷调查》获奖名单

获得《食品与健康》副主编许先亲笔签名著作的10名幸运读者:邰广森、徐继植、贾海荣、杨宗仁、蔡纪纲、王大林、冯晓萍、赵艳旗、隋东红、田振领。获得迷你收音机的20名幸运读者:魏利、李昌、曹伯森、李景宽、聂建国、施晓丽、郑玉凤、陈锦云、韩之杰、陈成伟、高运景、周素玲、王天睿、胡静、姜健、常灿章、丁伟、孟丘琪、史树文、朱家诺。以上读者的奖品及完整填写问卷的读者的赠阅刊物已按照来信地址寄出,请注意查收。《读者问卷调查》获奖名单@本刊编辑部     

各种食品的健康功能

可以强身的食品:玉米、大豆、糙米、芝麻、人参、灵芝、蜂王浆、葡萄酒、柠檬、绿茶、香菇、食醋、大蒜。 可以健脑的食品:枣、花生、核桃、松籽、     

脂肪肝患者饮食新主张

脂肪肝患者宜选用对脂肪肝有治疗作用的食物。如兔肉、甲鱼、墨斗鱼、干贝、淡菜、芝麻、菜花、油菜、菠菜、甜菜头、豆类、韭菜、萝卜、茄子、丝瓜、苋菜、芥菜等;水果以葡萄和鸭梨为好;亦宜食玉米、燕麦、蚕蛹、枸杞子、香菇、芹菜、生山楂、茶叶、荷叶等。 玉米 玉米中含有丰富的钙、硒、卵磷脂、维生素E等,具有降低血清胆固醇的作用。玉米中的玉米油是一种富含多不饱和脂肪酸的油脂,是胆固醇吸收的抑制剂,对脂肪     

人体与元素

人体中的元素地壳中的90多种元素在人体内几乎都有。其中,必需的宏量元素有:碳、氧、氮、氢、钙、硫、磷、钠、钾、氯、镁等11种,占人体固体质量的99.99％;必需的微量元素有:锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、相、碘、钒、铬、硒、氟、硅、锡等13种;有害的微量元素有:砷、汞、镉、铅等;其余是作用未确认的或非必需元素。七十年代初,英国地球化学家埃利克     

休闲得法始怡悦

为了丰富人们的休闲生活,现在全国各地的养鸽协会、钓鱼协会、斗鸡协会、收藏协会、书画协会等纷纷兴起,同对,各地的美术学校、老年大学、戏剧角、晨暮锻炼队、中老年长跑队、服装表演队等也如雨后春笋般地纷纷建立。与此相映成趣,不少人在家中喜欢孤芳自赏地观看自己珍藏的名书、名画、邮品、邮票、门票、粮票、布票、火花、烟标、奇石、钱币、古玩等,还有不少人则利用业余时间精心饲养自己心爱的宠狗、宠猫、信鸽、斗鸡、画眉、百灵甚至金鱼、乌龟、蟋蟀、小白鼠等等。如若步入兴趣广泛的休闲     

297例乳母膳食对乳汁成分的影响

目的 了解膳食成分与乳汁成分的相关性,了解不同的膳食结构对乳汁成分的影响.方法 通过方便取样的方法在城区及农村选取研究对象共297例,分为城区组和农村组.在两组生长过程中从初乳到成熟乳共取乳汁7次(初乳、过渡乳、2月乳、4月乳、6月乳、8月乳、10月乳),应用膳食回顾法调查采集母乳前24h乳母膳食信息.使用数字化超声波精密测量技术检测乳汁中的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、能量、水分、密度,采用统计软件对结果进行分析,比较两组的乳汁成分、膳食成分及膳食结构,同时比较各个时期的乳汁与膳食的相关性.结果 通过比较各期乳汁发现:初乳中蛋白质及乳糖含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.77,P<0.05);过渡乳中脂肪含量城区组高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.64,P<0.05);成熟乳中蛋白质、脂肪及能量含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.16、4.73、4.46,均P<0.05);晚期乳中脂肪及能量含量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.65、3.74,均P<0.05);城区组在初乳、过渡乳、2月、4月时乳母蛋白质摄入量高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.39、3.44、2.10、2.64,均P<0.05);在过渡乳及6月时乳母脂肪摄入量城区组高于农村组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.20、2.93,均P<0.05);在6月、8月及10月时乳母碳水化合物的摄入量农村组高于城区组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.21、2.32、2.43,均P<0.05).通过相关性分析发现乳汁中蛋白质与膳食中脂肪在8月乳有相关性(r=-0.45,P<0.05),乳汁中蛋白质与膳食中蛋白质在过渡乳、4月乳和10月乳时有相关性(r值分别为0.38、0.45、0.47,均P<0.05),乳汁中的乳糖和膳食中的脂肪在4月乳和8月乳时有相关性(r值分别为-0.42、-0.43,均P<0.05),与膳食中的碳水化合物在6月乳时有相关性(r=0.39,P<0.05),乳汁中的能量和膳食中的脂肪在过渡乳和6月乳时有相关性(r值分别为0.89、0.43,均P<0.05),乳汁中的矿物质与膳食中脂肪在2月乳和4月乳时有相关性(r值分别为-0.42、-0.39,均P<0.05),乳汁中的脂肪与膳食中的脂肪在8月乳时有相关性(r=0.40,P<0.05)、与膳食中的碳水化合物在初乳及6月乳有相关性(r值分别为0.39、0.40,均P<0.05)、与膳食中的蛋白质在初乳时有相关性(r=0.39,P<0.05).结论 膳食成分及乳母的膳食与乳汁营养成分密切相关.     

银川市某商场商业职工职业紧张调查

目的　探讨不同性别商业职工在职业紧张方面的差异。方法　采用职业紧张调查表(OSI)对 6 79名商业职工进行问卷调查 ,并对研究对象进行年龄、工龄、文化程度、婚姻状况及工种配对。结果　女性商业职工紧张因素总分为 14 3 4 8,人际关系、家庭 (工作 )平衡和组织气氛得分分别为30 86、2 0 82和 15 16 ,明显高于男性职工 (上述 4项得分分别为 134 89、2 8 6 1、18 75和 13 93) ,而心理卫生及心理满足因子得分为 39 86和 14 82 ,显著低于男性 (43 84和 17 6 6 ) ,提示女性职工的紧张程度高于男性 ,紧张的心理反应较男性严重。逐步回归分析结果显示 ,女性工作满意感最主要的影响因素为人际关系 ,男性的影响因素为组织气氛、管理角色与工作负荷 ;女性心理卫生最主要的影响因素为控制策略与组织气氛 ,男性为组织气氛与认知负荷 ;女性躯体不适最主要的影响因素为工作负荷 ,男性为支持策略与体育锻炼 ;女性紧张水平最主要的影响因素为支持策略 ,男性为应付策略。结论　女性商业职工在工作中较男性职工经历了更多的紧张 ,其紧张反应也较男性严重 ,影响男性与女性商业职工紧张反应与紧张程度的因素不完全相同     

Heavy metals in three lakes in West Poland.

Concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, Fe) as well as macronutrients (P, Ca, Mg) were measured in water, bottom sediments, and plants of three lakes in West Poland (southwest of Poznan). The plants collected were Nymphaea alba, Nuphar luteum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia, and Schoenoplectus lacustris. These plants contained elevated levels of Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg. Analyses of water and bottom sediments indicated that the lakes were polluted with Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb and partly with Ni and Hg. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Cd in water and in plants, between concentrations of Cd in bottom sediments and in plants, between concentrations of Cr in water and in plants, between concentrations of Cr in bottom sediments and in plants, and between concentrations of Fe in water and in plants, indicating the potential of plants for pollution monitoring for these metals. A negative correlation was found between biomass production and Pb and Mn content in water and Pb and Mn content in bottom sediments. Cr and Cd accumulated in plants at a higher rate from bottom sediments than from water. The accumulation rate of Fe in plant tissues was higher with an increase in Fe in water than with an increase in Fe in bottom sediments.     

南宁市危重症孕产妇转运平台建设效果评价

目的 探讨危重症孕产妇转运平台在降低危重症孕产妇死亡率中的作用与效果.方法 回顾性收集南宁市6个产科急救中心和六县一区共13个县级产科急救中心2010至2014年的孕产妇活产数、高危数、死亡数等数据,就危重症孕产妇转运平台建立运行后,对高危孕产妇救治及死亡情况进行研究分析.结果 各年份的死亡孕产妇例数相比,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.325,P=0.256).2014年的高危孕产妇高于2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年(χ2值分别为122.056、433.176、43.802、33.479,均P<0.05);2014年危重孕产妇例数高于2010年、2011年、2012年(χ2值分别为11.727、16.524、24.672,均P<0.05);2014年危重孕产妇和高危之间比例高于2010年、2011年、2012年(χ2值分别为8.329、9.211、21.709,均P<0.05);但2014年死亡孕产妇与危重之间的比例要低于2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年(χ2值分别为10.887、11.581、4.053、4.034,均P<0.05).2010-2014年各级医院危重症孕产妇构成比例基本相同,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).一级医院2014年危重孕产妇转诊率较2010年明显升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.352,P=0.037);二级医院2014年危重孕产妇转诊率较2010年和2011年明显升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为23.358、20.530,均P<0.05).一级医院转诊所花费的时间从2010年的84min下降至2014年约48min,各年份间危重孕产妇转运平均时间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=22.578,P<0.05),且2014年转诊时间均明显短于2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年(t值分别为7.945、6.946、4.443、2.873,均P<0.05).二级医院转诊所花费的时间从2010年的76min下降至2014年的约42min,各年份间危重孕产妇转运平均时间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=130.734,P=0.000),且2014年转诊时间均明显短于2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年(t值分别为19.626、16.460、9.357、6.595,均P<0.05).2010-2014年南宁市孕产妇共死亡人数111例,直接原因导致的死亡人数为53例,占总死亡人数的47.75%;间接原因导致的死亡人数为58例,占总死亡人数的52.25%.统计学分析显示,2013年直接产科原因致死的孕产妇所占死亡人数比例显著低于2010年(χ2=3.978,P<0.05).结论 危重症孕产妇三级转诊平台的有效运行和不断改进,是提高危重症孕产妇救治成功率和降低孕产妇死亡率的有效保障.     

Occupation and pregnancy outcome

Over a two year period, 1982-4, 56067 women, delivered or treated for a spontaneous abortion in 11 Montreal hospitals covering 90% of such admissions, were interviewed in detail regarding their occupational, social, and personal characteristics in their most recent and past pregnancies--104,649 in all. These data were analysed in relation to four main adverse outcomes--spontaneous abortion, stillbirth (without defect), congenital defect, and low birth weight (less than or equal to 2500 g). For comparison with observed numbers, expected figures were calculated by logistic regression using up to eight potentially confounding variables. Sixty occupational groups in six main industrial sectors were examined in current and previous pregnancies, with tests for heterogeneity between these two estimates of risk. Women in managerial, health, and clerical sectors had little evidence of excess of any of the four outcomes, by contrast with those in sales, service, and manufacturing sectors. Substantial and statistically significant excesses of spontaneous abortion were observed in nursing aides, women in sales occupations and food and beverage service; of stillbirth in agriculture and horticulture, leatherwork, and certain sales occupations; of congenital defects in women in child care, certain service occupations, and the manufacture of metal and electrical goods; and of low birth weight in chambermaids, cleaners, and janitors, and in women employed in the manufacture of food and drink, metal and electrical goods, and clothing.     

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Aquatic Macrophytes around Wroc aw, Poland

Studies were made of heavy metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes growing in streams and ponds around Wroc aw, Poland, partly affected by atmospheric pollution, effluents of chemical factories, and groundwater contaminated by slagdumps from a smelter and power station. The highest concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and aquatic macrophytes surpass the average values established for background reference sites. Significant positive correlations were found between Cu contents in water and Cu, Cd, and Zn contents in plants, between Cu and Cd in plants, between Co and Ni in plants, between Ni contents in water and Ni and Cu contents in plants, between Zn in water and Cu in plants, and between Cd and Ni in plants. Negative correlations were found between Cd contents in water and Zn contents in plants, between Co in water and Cd in plants, and between Zn in water and Co in plants. Experiments with the liverwortScapania undulataoriginating from a clean, forested, mountain stream and cultivated in solutions containing 70–100% sewage from a chemical factory demonstrated an increase in lead content (85 times in 100% sewage and 58 times in 70% sewage) and in mercury content (40 times in 100% sewage and 20 times in 70% sewage), and also an increase in contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Exposure to 70% sewage concentration during the 14 days of the experiment may be recognized as harmless forS. undulata,so this liverwort could be used in biotechnical purification of water.     

Differences in cellular and inflammatory cytokine profiles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in bagassosis and silicosis

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the crucial mediators involved in the inflammation and fibrogenesis in bagassosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the cellular and cytokine patterns in the airways of bagassosis and to compare these with silicosis subjects and controls. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 11 patients with bagassosis, 16 cases with silicosis, and 8 controls. Differential cell counts, total protein concentration, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Bagassosis was characterized with hypercellularity with neutrophilia in BALF; while the predominant cell in the BALF in silicosis was macrophage. Compared with control subjects, increased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-6 levels were found in the BALFs in both bagassosis and silicosis. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in the BALF of silicosis subjects were significantly higher than that seen in bagassosis. In contrast, bagassosis had higher level of IL-8 in BALF than that in silicosis. Relationship among these parameters were found between IL-8 levels and neutrophils, lymphocytes and IL-1 beta in bagassosis, macrophages and IL-1beta in silicosis. No significant differences of total protein concentrations and IL-5 in BALF were found between controls or bagassosis, and silicosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that neutrophils, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis in bagassosis. The mechanisms underline the different cellular and cytokine profiles in bagassosis and silicosis warrant further investigation.     

Distorting reality for children: Body size proportions of Barbie and Ken dolls

Using hip measurements as a constant, calculations were made to determine the changes necessary for a young, healthy adult woman and man to attain the same body proportions as Barbie and Ken dolls, respectively. Among the changes necessary were for the female to increase 24 in. in height, 5 in. in the chest, and 3.2 in. in neck length, while decreasing 6 in. in the waist, and for the male to increase 20 in. in height, 11 in. in the chest, and 7.9 in. in neck circumference. Like adults, children are exposed to highly unrealistic ideals for shape and weight. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate in lung fibroses are not significantly affected by systemic diseases

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is assumed to reflect processes in the lungs, yet it is unknown whether oxidative stress markers in EBC are affected by systemic disorders (atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes) or whether lung diseases increase markers in plasma and urine. 8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenale (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in EBC, plasma and urine in 82 patients (45 with asbestosis and hyalinosis, and 37 with silicosis) and in 29 control subjects. 8-isoprostane and HNE in EBC, and HNE in urine were higher in both groups of patients. In addition, 8-isoprostane in plasma and urine, and MDA in urine were higher in asbestos-exposed patients and MDA in plasma in silicotics, with this marker in plasma correlated with the grade of silicosis. In all subjects, 8-isoprostane in EBC correlated with urine (r=0.38, p<0.001) and plasma levels (r=0.28, p=0.003), and HNE and MDA with urine levels (r=0.31, p<0.001; r=0.23, p=0.016, respectively). Most markers positively correlated with lung function impairment, EBC markers negatively with vitamin E supplementation. To conclude: The influence of satisfactorily controlled systemic disorders on markers in EBC in patients with pneumoconioses is not significant. In addition to oxidative stress markers in EBC, lung fibroses may increase oxidative stress markers in plasma and urine.     

Estimation of proximate composition, micronutrients and phytochemical compounds in traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands

In present study, 10 preferred traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, were analysed for nutritional profiles. Moisture content in their edible parts ranged from 83.43 to 94.78%. Maximum ash content was recorded in Portulaca oleracea, crude protein in Colocasia esculenta, crude fibre in Eryngium foetidum and fat in E. foetidum. Phosphorus was maximum in Ipomea aquatica, potassium in C. esculenta, zinc, calcium and manganese in Centella asiatica, copper in Sauropus androgynous, sodium and iron in P. oleracea, magnesium in Amaranthus viridi and cobalt in C. esculenta. Maximum polyphenol was recorded in Hibiscus sabdariffa, carotenoids in A. viridi, ascorbic acid in Saursops androgynus, anthocyanin in C. esculenta and chlorophyll in S. androgynus. Antioxidant activity was maximum in P. oleracea. Positive correlation was observed between polyphenol and tannin content and also between antioxidant activity and photochemicals. The developed nutritional profiles is being used in health and nutrition related schemes in Islands.