对围产期新生儿游泳和抚触后健康状况的观察

[目的]探讨围产期新生儿游泳和抚触后健康状况的变化。[方法]选择2003年11月-2004年4月在我科分娩的正常新生儿且住院5d以上的180例为研究对象，经家属自行选择按分娩时间顺序分为观察组(沐浴游泳和抚触)和对照组(沐浴和抚触)各90例，分别在出生后第5天及第28天时记录体重等健康指标的变化。[结果]出生后第5天观察组比对照组新生儿体重增加明显．胎便初排及转黄时间提前，睡眠时间延长，至出生28d时，新生儿体重增加及俯卧位抬头情况观察组均明显好于对照组。[结论]游泳和抚触的有机结合对围产期新生儿身心发育、智能开发有促进作用，对感觉统合功能的协调有极其重要的影响。     

孕产妇围产期服务需求的调查分析

目的了解孕产妇围产期的服务需求。方法在2008年6—8月便利抽取全国7个省,2个直辖市中29家医院2436名孕妇,在产后3—5d即将出院时填写一般资料及自行设计的孕产妇围产期服务需求量表。结果孕产妇围产期服务需求反映在生理需求、心理需求、环境和设备需求及服务需求4个纬度,多数需求条目得分大于3分,处于需要至极需要之间。结论产科护理人员应从孕产妇生理、心理、环境和设备及服务需求4个方面了解孕产妇围产期的需求状况．以便根据孕妇的意愿制订切实可行的服务计划,使围产期保健工作更加深入地开展。     

Culturally competent nursing care during the perinatal period

Effective nursing interventions require culturally competent nursing practice. Nurses can develop the skill sets needed to provide culturally competent care. These skills derive from nursing principles and practice that support respect for individual dignity and self-determination. Sweeping changes in health care delivery have shortened the length of client exposure to nursing care, especially in perinatal nursing. Moreover, changes in the United States population challenge the nurse's ability to respond appropriately to the expectations, values, and beliefs of many diverse cultural groups. Nursing theoretical frameworks provide a basis for cultural competence in practice.     

Exploring fathers' experiences of pregnancy after a prior perinatal loss

PURPOSE: To explore fathers' experiences of pregnancy after a prior perinatal loss. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This phenomenological study used unstructured, in-depth interviews with four men whose wives were currently pregnant subsequent to previous perinatal loss in the second or third trimester. RESULTS: Regardless of the timing of the loss or their investment in the previous pregnancy, fathers expressed anxiety about the outcome of the subsequent pregnancy, a heightened sense of risk, and a need for increased vigilance. Themes concerning the intensity of the loss experience, dealing with grief, spirituality, supporting their spouse, influence of the previous loss, replacement of the loss, the importance of milestones, and change in world view were described. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study can provide insight for nurses into the needs of these families during a subsequent pregnancy and can help nurses to better support fathers during this critical time.     

Angiotensin induces the urinary peristaltic machinery during the perinatal period.

The embryonic development of mammalian kidneys is completed during the perinatal period with a dramatic increase in urine production, as the burden of eliminating nitrogenous metabolic waste shifts from the placenta to the kidney. This urine is normally removed by peristaltic contraction of the renal pelvis, a smooth muscle structure unique to placental mammals. Mutant mice completely lacking angiotensin type 1 receptor genes do not develop a renal pelvis, resulting in the buildup of urine and progressive kidney damage. In mutants the ureteral smooth muscle layer is hypoplastic and lacks peristaltic movements. We show that angiotensin can induce the ureteral smooth muscles in organ cultures of wild-type, but not mutant, ureteral tissues and that, in wild-type mice, expression of both renal angiotensin and the receptor are transiently upregulated at the renal outlet at birth. These results reveal a new role for angiotensin in the unique cellular adaptations of the mammalian kidney to the physiological stresses of postnatal life.     

Oxidative kidney damage in preterm newborns during perinatal period

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has recently been found to play a key role in post-ischemic kidney damage. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative kidney damage due to perinatal hypoxia in preterm newborns is associated with an increased production of oxidative free radicals in plasma. METHODS: Blood and urine samples were obtained at birth and on days 7 and 14, from 55 preterm newborns, without any known congenital abnormalities. Total hydroperoxides (TH) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as indices of oxidative stress, xanthine (Xa) and hypoxanthine (Hx) as indices of hypoxia, alpha1-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as indices of kidney damage were assayed. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between biochemical markers of hypoxia, oxidative stress and proximal tubules damage at days 7 and 14. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal oxidative stress is associated with a variable degree of kidney damage detectable at birth and continuing up to 14 days.     

孤独症儿童围生期危险因素对照分析

目的 探讨孤独症儿童围生期的危险因素.方法 选择孤独症儿童140例,82例健康儿童,用自编一般情况问卷及围生期危险因素调查表进行回顾性调查,问卷由儿童母亲和主要抚养人填写.结果 孤独症儿童的母亲孕期发生病毒性感冒(x2=15.29)以及新生儿缺氧窒息(x2=6.04)、早产(x2=6.48)、难产(x2=2.83)和出生后人工喂养(x2=6.02)均为孤独症儿童的危险因素(P均<0.05).结论 孤独症发病与围生期危险因素有关,早期干预、早期发现及治疗可改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the risk factor of chilldren with autism and ordinary children during perinatal period. Methods One hundred and fourty children with autism and 82 ordinary children were reviewed by self-written general circumstance questionnaire and risk factor questionnaire. Results Viral influenza during pregnancy (x2 =15.29) ,bom suffocate( x2 =6. 04) , premature delivery (x2 =6. 48) , dystocia (x2 =2. 83) and artificial feeding ( x2 = 6. 02 ) were risk factors for children autism (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Childeren autism is associated with risk factors in rinatal period. Early dectecion and early prevention and treatment may improve the outcome.     

Experiences of intensive home treatment for a mental health crisis during the perinatal period: A UK qualitative study

Some women with severe perinatal mental health difficulties in England are cared for by acute home treatment services, known as Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs), which provide short‐term home‐based treatment for adults experiencing a mental health crisis. Intensive home treatment has been trialed in a number of countries, but it is not known how well suited it is to the needs of perinatal women. This qualitative study aimed to explore how women and practitioners experience the provision of intensive home treatment for perinatal mental health problems. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with women who had received intensive home treatment in the perinatal period (n = 15), and focus groups were held with practitioners working in CRTs or in specialist perinatal mental health services (3 groups, n = 25). Data were analysed thematically. Women commonly found intensive home treatment problematic, experiencing it as intrusive and heavily risk‐focused, with poor staff continuity and little tailoring to the perinatal context. However, women valued emotional support when provided, particularly when it had a perinatal focus, sometimes based on practitioners sharing their own experiences. Some women also appreciated avoiding hospital admission, but choice was often limited. Practitioners reported a lack of perinatal training among CRT staff and described difficulties tailoring treatment to perinatal women’s needs. Currently, intensive home treatment, as offered by CRTs, may not be well suited to women with perinatal mental health difficulties. Findings suggest a need to develop community crisis responses that are better tailored to the needs of this population.     

个体化健康教育对围生期产妇健康素养的影响

[目的]探讨个体化健康教育对围生期产妇健康素养的影响。[方法]选择100例围生期产妇随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组进行个体化健康教育,对照组进行常规健康教育,比较两组干预前后围生期产妇的健康素养水平。[结果]干预后,观察组健康素养水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]对围生期产妇进行个体化健康教育可以有效提高其健康素养水平。     

妊娠合并心力衰竭围产期护理

通过对50例妊娠合并心力衰竭产妇并发心脏病类型与心力衰竭关系的分析,提出围产期主要护理措施是加强孕期保健和产前监测;及早发现分娩期各个阶段可能出现心力衰竭的征象,做好围产儿的抢救及护理,确保母婴安全;产后做好教育,减少心力衰竭的发生率。