老年人家庭照顾者身体健康状况与照顾负担的关系分析

目的：探讨老年人家庭照顾者自身的身体健康状况及与照顾负担的关系。方法采用Zarit照顾者负担量表调查1517名老年人家庭照顾者负担情况,同时调查人口学资料及健康状况,分析不同健康状况的老年人家庭照顾者的照顾负担情况。结果本次调查的老年人家庭照顾者中有61．0％（926/1517）有明确诊断的疾病,77．5％有自我感觉不适症状,10．8％自我健康评价水平低。926名有疾病的老年人家庭照顾者中轻、中、重度照顾负担的比例分别为35．3％,18．5％,4．4％,高于无明确诊断疾病者（分别为31．5％,10．7％,2．7％）,差异有统计学意义（Z＝-5．632,P＜0．01）。有自我感觉不适症状的老年人家庭照顾者轻、中、重度照顾负担分别为35．7％,16．7％,4．4％,高于无症状者（分别为27.5％,11．1％,1．5％）,差异有统计学意义（Z＝-5．573,P＜0．01）。不同自我健康评价水平的老年人家庭照顾者间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论身体健康状况差的老年人家庭照顾者照顾负担重,护理人员应重视其身体健康状况,提供照顾相关知识和技能,缓解照顾压力。     

Efficacy of integrating information literacy education into a women's health course on information literacy for RN-BSN students

Information literacy, essential to evidences-based nursing, can promote nurses' capability for life-long learning. Nursing education should strive to employ information literacy education in nursing curricula to improve information literacy abilities among nursing students. This study explored the effectiveness of information literacy education by comparing information literacy skills among a group of RN-BSN (Registered Nurse to Bachelors of Science in Nursing) students who received information literacy education with a group that did not. This quasi-experimental study was conducted during a women's health issues course taught between March and June 2004. Content was presented to the 32 RN-BSN students enrolled in this course, which also taught skills on searching and screening, integrating, analyzing, applying, and presenting information. At the beginning and end of the program, 75 RN-BSN student self-evaluated on a 10 point Likert scale their attained skills in searching and screening, integrating, analyzing, applying, and presenting information. Results identified no significant differences between the experimental (n = 32) and control groups (n = 43) in terms of age, marital status, job title, work unit, years of work experience, and information literacy skills as measured at the beginning of the semester. At the end of the semester during which content was taught, the information literacy of the experimental group in all categories, with the exception of information presentation, was significantly improved as compared to that of the control group. Results were especially significant in terms of integrating, analyzing, and applying skill categories. It is hoped that in the future nursing students will apply enhanced information literacy to address and resolve patients' health problems in clinical settings.     

互联网+健康教育对脊髓损伤恢复期患者照顾者照顾负担的影响

目的探讨互联网+健康教育对脊髓损伤恢复期患者照顾者照顾负担的影响。方法对60名脊髓损伤患者的照顾者进行互联网+健康教育。根据照顾者在照顾过程中的具体问题及心理需求,整理了健康教育内容(入院宣教、疾病相关知识、康复指导、如何保持健康心理、常见的认识误区、并发症预防),做成有声课件和宣教光盘,通过邮箱、云盘和微信将健康教育的内容推送给照顾者。建立微信群,脊髓损伤专业的专家为患者和照顾者提供指导和帮助。采用Zarit照顾者负担量表在干预前、干预3个月和干预6个月对照顾者进行调查。结果 3个时间点照顾者负担得分差异有统计学意义(F=46.85,P<0.001)。随着干预时间的延长,照顾者负担下降(P<0.01)。结论互联网+健康教育可以减轻脊髓损伤患者照顾者的负担。     

The current perspectives regarding the burden on mental health caregivers

A systematic literature review was performed regarding the burden on mental health caregivers. The studies were selected from the Virtual Health Library - Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), using the keyword caregiver burden. The main criteria for this study were: full-text articles published between 2000 and 2010, in Portuguese, English or Spanish; indexed on the BVS databases; which investigated the burden of mental health caregivers, and had caregivers as the main subject. The analysis was performed considering the following: title, year of publication, objectives, methodological approach, instruments and main results. The analysis of 114 full-text articles showed the predominant objectives were the burden on informal caregivers and the validation of psychometric scales, particularly the Zarit Scale. Some studies showed an association between high levels of burden, feelings of guilt and depressive symptoms. On the other hand, psycho-educational interventions were indicated as having a positive impact. This theme has a growing scientific interest and there is a need for deeper studies addressing formal caregivers.     

精神分裂症患者照顾者的健康教育需求调查与分析

目的了解精神分裂症患者照顾者的健康教育需求,帮助其在家庭中承担健康教育角色,探讨实用、科学的健康教育干预措施。方法自行设计照顾者知识来源调查表和照顾者所需健康教育内容调查问卷,于2013年7月—2014年6月调查住院精神分裂症患者的照顾者100例。结果被调查的照顾者均想了解与所照料患者有关的知识,选择肯定比率为100%;照顾者相关知识来源途径依次为医护人员、报刊书籍、网络等,所需健康教育内容依次为生活照料、药物治疗与管理、病情观察与处理等。结论精神分裂症患者照顾者相关知识来源中,以医护人员为主,所需教育内容涉及生活、疾病、沟通、政策等多方面内容。临床工作中应充分发挥医护人员的健康教育职能,指导照顾者多途径获得健康教育知识,对照顾者进行个性化健康教育,帮助照顾者担当间接健康教育者角色。     

COPD患者及家庭照顾者健康素养现状及影响因素调查分析

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者及家庭照顾者健康素养现状及影响因素。方法2020年2—10月选取吉林省3所三级甲等医院的COPD患者238例与照顾者238名为研究对象,使用自制的一般资料调查表和慢性阻塞性肺疾病健康素养量表(COPD-Q)对其进行调查。结果患者及照顾者COPD-Q量表最低得分为0分,最高得分为12分,平均得分分别为6.04±2.65分和6.03±2.68分,得分率为46.5%和46.4%,健康素养处于中下水平。多元线性回归分析结果发现,居家吸氧行为是否规范是影响患者与照顾者健康素养的共同因素(P<0.05);患者1年内急性加重次数、家庭月收入、患者有无合并其他慢性病及婚姻情况是患者健康素养的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。照顾者的文化程度是其健康素养的主要影响因素之一(P<0.05)。结论对COPD患者及家庭照顾者同步进行健康教育,可以提高其健康素养水平,提升其自我管理行为能力,提高其生活质量。     

以家庭为中心的协同护理对抑郁症患者照顾者家庭负担及社会支持的影响

目的 探讨以家庭为中心的协同护理对抑郁症患者照顾者家庭负担及社会支持的影响。方法 应用随机数字表法,将纳入研究的76对抑郁症患者及其照顾者分为试验组和对照组各38对。以照顾者为研究对象,试验组运用以家庭为中心的协同护理,包括：以认知行为改变为基础的团体训练,以提升自我应对和照护能力为导向的授权教育,以全面康复为目标的协同服务,以及搭建微信平台下的家庭监护;对照组按常规方法给予教育指导。6个月末对两组照顾者采用家庭负担量表、社会支持评定量表进行评价。结果 干预前两组照顾者的疾病家庭负担评分和社会支持评分差异无统计学意义（P>0．05）;干预6个月末试验组照顾者的家庭经济负担、家庭日常活动、家庭娱乐活动、家庭关系维度及社会支持评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0．05）。 结论 以家庭为中心的协同护理能明显改善抑郁症患者照顾者家庭负担,有效提高照顾者社会支持水平。     

Care for the caregivers: a review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers

Significant demands are being placed on the informal caregivers of chronically ill patients, including those suffering from cancer. Health care professionals need to be aware of these demands, and they need effective tools to assess the impact these demands place on the caregivers. Over the past 25 years, researchers have developed self-report instruments to assess informal caregivers. These instruments assess various aspects of the caregiving experience, including caregiver burden, needs, and quality of life. The purpose of this review was to identify and critically evaluate these instruments. MEDLINE and PUBMED were searched from 1966 to 2002. After an extensive literature search and review, and utilizing specific inclusion criteria, 28 instruments were identified and evaluated in terms of their development, content, and psychometric properties. In addition, a history of the construct and measurement development in the areas of caregiver burden, needs, and quality of life are discussed. Although some further development and refinement of instruments could benefit the field, depending on the questions researchers or clinicians seek to pursue, there are many proven tools available for their use. Future research needs to use these instruments to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the care of the caregivers.     

临终患者家属需求与护理干预

临终患者家属是指在患者临终阶段负责照顾与看护的家庭成员[1]。在我国,临终护理尚是一个崭新的领域,临终家庭病房和临终医院尚未普及,大部分患者是在综合性医院度过生命的最后阶段[2]。     

The effects of past relationship and obligation on health and health promotion in women caregivers of adult family members

The social expectation that women will care for family members persists despite evidence that many women have difficult or abusive past relationships with their parents and partners. Little is known about how past relationship influences the health of women caring for adult family members. On the basis of earlier grounded theory research, we tested the theory that past relationship and obligation predict health outcomes and health promotion in 236 women caregivers of adult family members. Structural equation modeling demonstrated support for the theory, with 56% of the variance in health outcomes and 11% of the variance in health promotion accounted for by the model.