HLA—DQB1、DPB1基因与1型糖尿病相关性研究

研究认为 ,1型糖尿病是遗传学上易感个体胰岛β细胞损害引起的自体免疫性疾病。基因标志是理论上预测 T1DM的最早指标。我们对 5 2例山东汉族 T1DM患者及 38例对照采用基于核酸序列的分型方法 (sequencing- based typing,SBT)进行HL A- DPB1基因分型 ,其中 32例患者及 2 3例对照测定了HL A- DQB1基因 ,探讨两者与 T1DM遗传易感性的相关性 ,结果报道如下。对象与方法1.研究对象 :T1DM患者 :5 2例 ,男 2 7,女 2 5 ,年龄 15～ 38岁 (2 5 .3± 6 .5岁 ) ,发病年龄 12～ 32岁 (2 2 .5± 8.9岁 )。正常对照 :健康查体者 38例 ,男 19,女…     

Tiam1、Rac1在评估大肠癌远隔脏器转移中的意义

目的:观察人大肠癌和癌旁正常大肠黏膜组织中T淋巴瘤侵袭转移诱导因子1(Tiam1)和RacGTP酶激活蛋白1(Rac1)的表达,并探讨其与大肠癌根治术后发生远隔脏器转移的相关性.方法:应用SP免疫组织化学法检测87例大肠癌及40例癌旁正常组织标本中Tiam1/Rac1的表达情况;应用竞争性RT-PCR检测上述标本中Tiam1 mRNA的表达情况;应用配体沉淀法检测上述标本中Rac1蛋白活性.结果:Tiam1/Rac1在大肠癌细胞胞质内呈阳性染色.Tiam1 mRNA在大肠癌中表达明显增强(0.6±0.02vs0.24±0.02,P<0.0005),并且在术后发生远隔转移患者中的表达要高于未发生远隔转移者(0.91±0.02vs0.52±0.02,P<0.0005).Rac1蛋白活性的表达情况与Tiam1一致,在大肠癌中表达高于正常黏膜(0.17±0.01vs0.07±0.05,P<0.0005),并且在有远隔转移的大肠癌组织中活性要高于无远隔转移者(0.25±0.02vs0.15±0.01,P<0.0005).对于不同分化程度的大肠癌组织,Tiam1/Racl的含量均没有统计学差异(0.63±0.04,0.60±0.04,0.57±0.04,P=0.613;0.18±0.06,0.17±0.05,0.15±0.05,P=0.558).结论:Tiam1/Racl是大肠癌根治术后患者发生远隔转移的正性因子,可以作为预测大肠癌根治术后患者发生远隔脏器转移的有效指标.     

Effect of lamivudine treatment on plasma levels of transforming growth factor β1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and metalloproteinase-1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP)-I are considered predictive biomarkers of chronic hepatitis activity and fibrosis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lamivudine treatment on the plasma levels of these peptides in patients with chronic hepatitis B.METHODS: TGF-β1, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations were measured with an enzyme immunoassay in 40 patients treated with lamivudine for 48 wk. Elimination of HBV-DNA and HBV antigens was evaluated 24 wk after treatment completion.RESULTS: Baseline TGF-β1(29.6&#177;2.2 ng/mL) and TIMP-1(1 578&#177;93 ng/mL) significantly exceeded normal values(18.3&#177;1.6 ng/mL and 1 102&#177;67 ng/mL respectively). Lamivudine treatment resulted in a significant decrease of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 during treatment with an increase after 24 wk of treatment. Pretreatment MMP-1 levels (6.7&#177;0.7 ng/mL) were significantly lower than normal values (11.9&#177;0.9 ng/mL) and increased during treatment and follow-up. A significant correlation was noted between TGF-β1 or TIMP-1 and aminotransferases as well as fibrosis scored in liver biopsy specimens. There were no statistically significant differences of TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and MMP-1 between four groups at baseline, 24 and 48 wk of treatment. TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 levels increased significantly in non-responders and normalized in responders at wk 72. MMP-1 also normalized in responders and decreased to values significantly lower than normal in non-responders.CONCLUSION: These findings support the role of TGF-β1,TIMP-1 and MMP-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.Because of their association with hepatic injury and antiviral treatment efficacy, determination of these peptides may be useful in disease management.     

大肠癌组织Ets-1,MMP-1和VEGF的表达及意义

目的:检测大肠癌中转录因子Ets-1,基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,探讨Ets-1在大肠癌血管生成和浸润转移中的作用.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测61例大肠癌组织和21例正常大肠组织中Ets-1,MMP-1和VEGF蛋白的表达水平.结果:Ets-1,MMP-1和VEGF在正常大肠黏膜中表达均为阴性.在大肠癌组织中表达的阳性率分别为75.4%,78.7%和82.0%.其表达水平与肿瘤大小和分化程度无关(P>0.05),与Duke's分期(χ2=10.718,P<0.01;χ2=8.323,P<0.01;χ2=6.145,P<0.05)、浸润深度(χ2=7.705,P<0.01;χ2=19.101,P<0.01;χ2=14.707,P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(χ2=9.333,P<0.01;χ2=3.965,P<0.05;χ2=4.638,P<0.05)和远处转移(χ2=5.472,P<0.05;χ2=4.125,P<0.05;χ2=5.034,P<0.05)密切相关.在大肠癌中,Ets-1的表达与MMP-1和VEGF的表达呈正相关(r=0.447,P<0.01;r=0.425,P<0.05).结论:Ets-1在大肠癌中高表达,与临床分期、浸润深度、转移密切相关.Ets-1的表达与MMP-1和VEGF的表达呈正相关,三者的表达水平可作为判定大肠癌恶性生物学行为的参考指标.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者血浆MMP-1与TIMP-1测定的意义

目的:检测溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)及其组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)水平.方法:采集经临床表现、肠镜及病理诊断的UC患者30例以及正常人15例的外周静脉血,ELISA法测定血浆MMP-1和TIMP-1水平.结果:UC患者血浆MMP-1、TIMP-1水平明显高于对照组(2.4421±0.5394 vs 1.8967±0.3737.6.3728±0.4940 vs 5.5917±0.2968,均P＜0.05);UC患者血浆TIMP-1水平与病情严重程度呈正相关(t=4.097,P＜0.05),而血浆MMP-1水平与病情严重程度无相关性;中-重型患者血浆MMP-1水平明显升高,而轻型患者血浆MMP-1的水平较对照组无明显的差别.结论:UC患者血浆中MMP-1与TIMP-1呈现高表达;血浆MMP-1,特别是TIMP-1可能成为判断UC严重程度以及临床诊断简单易行的外周血生物学指标.     

GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYPIA1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal cancer in a French population： Different pattern of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the association between CYPIA1 and GSTs genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and esophageal adenocarcinorna (ADC) in a high risk area of northwest of France.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes (CYPIAI*2C and GSTP1 exon 7 Val alleles, GSTM1 *2/*2 and GSl-l-l*2/*2 null genotypes). A total of 79 esophagealcancer cases and 130 controls were recruited. RESULTS: GSTM2*2/*2 and CYP1A1*1A/*2C genotype frequencies were higher among squamous cell cardnomas at a level close to statistical significance (OR = 1.83, 95% CI0.88-3.83, P= 0.11; OR = 3.03, 95% CI 0.93-9.90, P= 0.07,respectively). For GSTP1 polymorphism, no difference wasfound between controls and cases, whatever their histological status. Lower frequency of GST/-1 deletion was observed in ADC group compared to controls with a statistically significant difference (OR=13.31, 95% CI 1.66-106.92, P&lt;0.01).CONCLUSION: In SCC, our results are consistent with the strong association of this kind of turnout with tobacco exposure. In ADC, our results suggest 3 distinct hypotheses:(1) activation of exogenous procarcinogens, such as small halogenated compounds by GSTTI‘, (2) contribution of GSTT1 to the inflammatory response of esophageal mucosa, which is known to be a strong risk factor for ADC,possibly through leukotriene synthesis; (3) higher sensitivity to the inflammatory process associated with intracellular depletion of glutathione.     

胃癌组织TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1及其前体mRNA的表达意义

目的: 探讨TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1蛋白及其前体mRNA的表达与胃癌发生发展的关系. 方法: 采用免疫组化和实时PCR(real-time PCR)方法, 对胃癌50例、萎缩性胃炎19例和正常胃黏膜18例的TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1蛋白及其前体mRNA的表达进行检测. 结果: 胃癌组织中TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1蛋白表达明显增强, 其阳性率(80.0%和75.0%)明显高于正常胃黏膜组(33.3%和27.8%)及萎缩性胃炎组(36.8%和36.8%), 差异有显著性(P <0.01). 胃癌组织的分化程度越低, TGF-beta1、TGF-beta R1蛋白表达的阳性率越高(r = 35.58, P <0.01). 同样, 胃癌组织中TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1前体mRNA的表达明显高于萎缩性胃炎组(TGF-beta1: 4.20±0.51 vs 9.15±2.12, 8.22±1.81; TGF-beta R1: 1.28±0.48 vs 5.55±1.48, 4.19±0.95). 结论: TGF-beta1和TGF-beta R1的高表达与胃癌的发生发展、生物学行为和预后可能有关.     

前列腺素E1对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤时白介素-1β表达的影响

目的: 探讨前列腺素(PG)E1对梗阻性黄疸肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用以及对IL-1beta表达的影响. 方法: 将♂Wistar大鼠随机分为PGE1处理组(PG组, n = 18)和生理盐水对照组(NS组, n = 18). 参照Yoshidome法结扎并切断胆总管建立梗阻性黄疸模型, 1 wk后Pringle法阻断肝门15 min, 再灌注后建立胆道再通. 于缺血前15 min至再灌注60 min, PG组经门静脉持续泵入PGE1 0.5 mug/(kg·min), NS组给予等量生理盐水. 于再灌注1、6和24 h 3个时点取材, 检测血清ALT, AST, 总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL), 直接胆红素(direct bilirubin, DBIL)水平, 测定肝组织GSH, MDA含量. ELISA法测定肝组织IL-1beta表达, 并观察肝脏病理组织学改变. 结果: 再灌注各时点PG组血清ALT水平(1 h: 1939±1427 nkat/L vs 5596±2975 nkat/L; 6 h: 3409±1708 nkat/L vs 9279±4404 nkat/L; 24 h: 1434±274 nkat/L vs 2264±630 nkat/L)和AST(1 h: 21746±12083 nkat/L vs 37552±12382 nkat/L; 6 h: 55039±35471 nkat/L vs 98811±11126 nkat/L; 24 h: 9394±1662 nkat/L vs 27664±15856 nkat/L)、肝组织MDA含量(1 h: 0.89±0.18 mumol/g vs 1.21±0.24 mumol/g; 6 h: 1.08±0.23 mumol/g vs 1.45±0.13 mumol/g; 24 h: 1.03±0.08 mumol/g vs 1.45±0.26 mumol/g)以及肝组织IL-1beta表达水平(1 h: 304.1±67.9 ng/L vs 362.8±137.1 ng/L; 6 h: 376.8±74.6 ng/L vs 618.8±217.8 ng/L; 24 h: 273.0±69.0 ng/L vs 373.0±71.7 ng/L)均显著低于NS组(P<0.05), 而肝组织GSH含量显著高于NS组(1 h: 945.1±121.2 mg/g vs 720.0±80.1 mg/g; 6 h: 753.5±118.6 mg/g vs 553.6±140.0 mg/g; 24 h: 768.0±135.9 mg/g vs 596.3±36.4 mg/g, P<0.05), 但两者胆红素水平无明显差异(P>0.05). PG组肝脏病理组织学损伤程度也较NS组明显减轻. 结论: PGE1下调肝组织IL-1beta表达, 对梗阻性黄疸肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用.     

肿瘤特异性肿瘤/睾丸抗原在肝癌组织中的表达

目的 研究7种主要肿瘤/睾丸(CT)抗原MAGE-1、MAGE-3、MAGE-4、MAGE-10、NY-ESO-1、SSX-2、SCP-1在原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者癌组织中的表达、编码基因的变异状况及与临床指标的关系。 方法 收集30例肝癌患者的癌和癌旁组织,采用特异性引物逆转录聚合酶链反应检测7种CT抗原的表达,并对PCR产物进行测序分析。结果 在30例HCC患者中,MAGE-1、MAGE-3、MAGE-4、MAGE-10、NY-ESO-1、SSX-2、SCP-1在癌组织中的表达率分别为66.7％、70.0％、20.0％、36.7％、40.0％、33.3％和33.3％,而癌旁没有表达。癌组织中至少表达1种、2种和3种CT抗原的阳性率分别为90.0％、70.0％和53.5％。我国肝癌表达的7种CT抗原编码基因与国外报道的相比,同源性非常高。MAGE-10和SCP-1的表达与甲胎蛋白的水平相关,MAGE-3和SSX-2表达与平均年龄相关。 结论 7种CT抗原在HCC患者癌组织中均有表达,阳性率为20.0％-70.0％,其编码基因序列高度保守。一些CT抗原的表达与临床指标存在相关性。     

黑色素瘤抗原-A1基因多态性及其在肝癌组织中的表达

目的了解黑色素瘤抗原(MAGE)-A1基因在肝癌组织中的表达状况,探讨该基因是否存在单核苷酸多态性(SNP).方法用RT-PCR方法检测49例原发性肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)患者肝癌组织MAGE-A1基因mRNA的表达情况,同时提取其中43例HCC患者的肝癌组织、癌旁组织及外周血细胞基因组DNA,PCR扩增MAGE-A1 DNA,并对上述PCR产物进行测序.结果49例患者中MAGE-A1 mRNA阳性22例,阳性率44.9%.43例HCC患者癌组织、癌旁组织和外周血细胞中扩增的KAGE-A1 DNA序列测定显示MAGE-A1基因存在两类变异:TAG有16例,变异发生率为37.2%,包括3个位置的变异:C159T,A272G,G393A,GTG变异有7例,发生率为16.3%,亦包括3个位点的变异即:A272G,C991T,A1125G.因为C991T没有改变编码的氨基酸,A1125G不在编码区,故仅A272G引起一个氨基酸的替换(T32A).结论MAGE-A1在HCC中高表达,表达率为44.9%.MAGE-A1 mRNA的表达与AFP无关.MAGE-A1基因存在三种SNP,但不影响其mRNA的表达.     

肝细胞癌在血中微小转移的检测

目的 肝细胞癌患者术后复发常是术前不能检出微转移灶或术中癌细胞释放入血之故。建立早期检出肝细胞癌（HCC）血中微小转移的方法并评价其临床意义。方法 采用巢式RT－PCR检测肝细胞特异白蛋白（ALB）mRNA和甲胎蛋白（AFP）mRNA在HCC患者外周血有核细胞成分及组织标本中的表达情况。并以肝癌细胞系HepG2、SMMC7721,乳腺癌细胞MCF－7作为阳性，阴性对照。结果 在肝组织，无论是癌、癌旁还是正常组织，ALB mRNA的表达均为阳性（8／8），而AFP mRNA在癌组织7／8例表达，癌旁5／8例表达。外周血表达的情况为：同一组标本ALB mRNA的阳性率为75.6%（34／45，P＜0．01），AFPmRNA的阳性率为57．8％（26／45，P＜0．01）。在有肝外转移和无肝转移分组中，ALBmRNA和AFPmRNA的表达分别为100．0％，54．2％和29．2％。结论 在HCC患者外周血有核心细胞成分中检测ALBmRNA和AFPmRNA的表达，是预测转移、复发的简捷手段，若ALB与AFP二者联合使用，应用性会更强。     

转化生长因子β1诊断肝癌和肝癌监测转移的临床价值

目的观察肝癌发生过程中TGFβ1及基因动态表达的临床价值。方法以2-乙酰氨基芴（2-FFA）喂饲雄性SD鼠诱发肝细胞癌变，以病理学方法、巢式RT-PCR、免疫组织化学法和ELISA，观察肝细胞形态学、TGFβ1 mRNA、TGFβ1胞内定位、肝组织及外周血TGFβ1的动态变化与临床价值。结果SD鼠在喂饲2-FAA后，肝细胞出现颗粒样变性、不典型增生到肝癌形成。肝和血TGFβ1：正常组分别为（1．97±0．28）ng／mg和（5．98±1．76）ng／ml，变性组分别为（2．56±0、31）ng／mg和（9、41±0．37）ng／ml，癌前组分别为（3．88±0．11）ng／mg和（12．89±0、69）ng／ml，癌变组分别为（6、74±1．41）ng／mg和（16．74±2．19）ng／ml。癌变组明显高于对照组、肝细胞变性组和癌前病变组。癌变过程中TGFβ1阳性表达呈胞内分布，肝和外周血中TGFβ1呈显著正相关。肝癌患者血浆TGFβ1诊断肝癌的阳性率为89、5％，在血AFP〈400μg／L肝癌患者中，TGFβ1阳性率为93．3％，与AFP联合检查诊断肝癌阳性率达94．7％。肝癌组织TGFβ1 mRNA呈强阳性表达，伴有肝外转移患者外周血TGFβ1 mRNA检出率为100．0％。结论TGFβ1参与肝细胞癌变过程，TGFβ1及TGFβ1 mRNA过表达有助于肝癌早期诊断及预后判断。     

Relationship between expression of alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNA and some clinical parameters of human hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To certify the relationship between AFP mRNA and some pathological parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:We detected the expression of AFP in mRNA level in tissue samples from 52 patients suffered from HCC by RT-PCR method.RESULTS:The positive rate of AFP mRNA was 76.9% in the HCC tumor tissues,and 69.4% in the paratumor tissues from the HCC patients with severe cirrhosis.However, in HCC patients without cirrhosis, the positive rate reached 50% in tumor tissues, but no AFP mRNA expression was found in the related paratumor tissues.CONCLUSION:The AFP protein was specially expressed by HCC cells and mutated hepatocytes.The AFP mRNA was positively related with cirrhosis, but no significant relationship was found between AFP mRNA and tumor size, capsule status and tumor metastasis.     

Detection of hepatoma cells in peripheral blood of HCC patients by nested RT-PCR

AIM:To offer a more simple method with a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of hepatoma cells in peripheral blood of the patients with HCC.METHODS:Improved nested RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of AFP mRNA in nuclear cells separated from peripheral venous blood.RESULTS:AFP mRNA contained in tenhepatoma cells was detected from 2mL peripheral blood.CONCLUSION:The improved nested RT-PCR assay for AFP mRNA expressed in cancer cells in peripheral blood might be a valuable method for clinical diagnosis of HCC.     

Relationship between expression of α-fetoprotein messenger RNA and some clinical parameters of human hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To certify the relationship between AFP mRNA and some pathological parameters of he-patocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHOD We detected the expression of AFP in mRNA level in tissue samples from 52 patients suffering from HCC by RT-PCR method.RESULTS The positive rate of AFP mRNA was 76.9% in the HCC tumor tissues, and 69.4% in the paratumor tissues from the HCC patients with severe cirrhosis. However, in HCC patients without cirrhosis, the positive rate reached 50% in tumor tissues, but no AFP mRNA expression was found in the related paratumor tissues.CONCLUSION The AFP protein was specially expressed by HCC cells and mutated hepatocytes. The AFP mRNA was positively related with cirrhosis, but no significant relationship was found between AFP mRNA and tumor size, capsule status and tumor metastasis.