榄香烯乳联合化疗治疗急性难治性白血病120例疗效观察

目的评价榄香烯乳加联合化疗治疗难治性急性非淋巴细胞白血病的疗效。方法随机将241例白血病患者分为治疗组和对照组:治疗组120例,用榄香烯乳300mg/m2/d加入5%GS 500ml中静脉滴注,持续用药14天,同时加联合化疗HAA方案:高三尖杉酯碱4mg/m2/d静滴,持续7天,阿克拉霉素20mg/m2/d静滴、qd×7天,阿糖胞苷100~200mg/m2/d,第1~7天;对照组121例,单用HAA化疗,方案用量用法同治疗组。结果治疗组120例中有85例CR,有12例PR,NR23例,CR率70.8%(85/120),总有效率80.8%(97/16)。对照组121例中CR53例,PR11例,NR57例,CR率为43.8%(53/121),总有效率52.9%(64/121)。差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论榄香烯乳对难治性急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)有肯定疗效,比单用联合化疗效果好,且不良反应少,无血象和骨髓抑制。     

榄香烯乳治疗晚期消化系癌36例

目的观察中药莪术提取的抗癌制剂榄香烯乳对晚期消化系癌的治疗效果．方法不宜手术治疗且化疗无效或不能接受放化疗的晚期消化系癌患者36例，采用静脉滴注榄香烯乳注射液200mg，1次／d．并且食管癌及胃癌患者同时服用榄香烯乳50mg，2次／d．结肠癌患者并用榄香烯乳100mg，保留灌肠，1次／d．有腹水者于放腹水后腹腔内注入榄香烯乳100mg，2次／wk，连用2wk为一疗程．结果榄香烯乳对实体瘤的缩小不明显，但对改善临床症状及消退腹水则有一定疗效．前者有效率69．7％，后者有效率72．7％．结论榄香烯乳作为抗癌制剂用于治疗晚期消化系癌疗效肯定，用法多样且无严重毒副作用．     

榄香烯乳联合顺铂治疗恶性腹腔积液疗效观察

对38例恶性腹腔积液患者随机分为3组，分别采取单用顺铂、单用榄香烯乳、顺铂与榄香烯乳联用进行治疗，结果顺铂组或榄香烯乳组有效率分别为58．3％、66．7％，均低于联合组的88．6ok（P〈0．05）；且联合应用中未发现榄香烯乳有增加化疗毒性的作用。认为若患者因肝。肾功能异常或体质过弱，难以接受腹腔灌注化疗毒药物的，以选单独应用榄香烯乳为佳，若患者能够耐受，应联合应用以提高疗效。     

三氧化二砷联合化疗治疗难治复发多发性骨髓瘤的临床疗效分析

目的：分析三氧化二砷联合化疗治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床疗效。方法：收集复发难治性MM21例，分为原发难治性和复发难治性MM2组，应用三氧化二砷联合化疗，观察其总体和各组的有效率及副作用的发生情况。结果：治疗后，总有效率达90.5％，原发难治组及复发难治组的有效率分别为88．8％和91．7％。长期随访治疗7例，均保持持续缓解状态。未发现严重毒副作用。结论：三氧化二砷联合化疗治疗难治复发MM具有良好的疗效。     

甲孕酮联合IEP与单用IEP方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的对比研究

目的 比较甲孕酮联合IEP方案与单用IEP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副作用。方法：54例晚期非小细胞肺癌患随机分成两组,联合组：口服甲孕酮600mg／天,IFO1．5mg/m^2静脉滴注第1－5天,EP15mg/m^2持续深静脉滴注第1－5天,PDD15mg/m^2静脉滴注第1－5天;单化疗组：同上IEP方案。两组均以每28天为一周期,至少重复3个周期。结果：联合组有效率（CR＋PR）：48．1％,单化组有效率（CR＋PR）：44．4％,P＞0．05;中位生存期：联合组36周,单化组30周,P＜0．01;骨髓抑制、恶性呕吐等反应联合组均较单化组轻,P＜0．01;体重：用药12周后,联合组平均增加2．75kg,单化组平均减轻1．85kg,P＜0．05。结论：甲孕酮联合IEP方案与单化IEP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率无明显差异,但前中位生存期长,毒副反应轻,患生活质量明显提高。     

榄香烯乳注射液联合高渗葡萄糖胸腔注射治疗难治性自发性气胸的临床研究作者: 任先杰1 S谢俊刚2 S 杨正武3 S廖德英4

【】目的S探讨榄香烯乳液联合高渗葡萄糖胸腔注射治疗难治性自发性气胸的临床疗效及安全性。方法S按随机数字表法将70例难治性自发性气胸患者分为治疗组30例(使用榄香烯乳液40～60 ml联合20 ml 50％葡萄糖胸腔内注射),和对照组(20 ml 50％葡萄糖胸腔内注射)。两组患者均行胸腔闭式引流。结果S治疗组治疗总有效率为93.3%(28/30),一次注药有效率66.7%(20/30)；对照组治疗总有效率为57.5%(23/40),一次注药有效率32.5%(13/40),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；治疗组发热率为70.0%(21/30)明显高于对照组47.5%(19/40)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者胸痛发生率情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论S榄香烯乳液联合高渗葡萄糖胸腔注射可有效的治疗难治性自发性气胸。     

奥曲肽联合硝酸甘油治疗肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效观察

目的观察奥曲肽联合硝酸甘油治疗肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。方法将68例病人随机分为二组,治疗组34例,奥曲肽注射液0．1mg皮下注射,继以0．4mg加入10％葡萄糖或5％葡萄糖生理盐水500ml中,以25～50μg/h的速度持续静脉滴注,同时予硝酸甘油30μg／min的滴速持续静脉滴注。对照组34例,给予奥曲肽注射液0．1mg皮下注射,继以0．4mg加入10％葡萄糖或5％葡萄糖生理盐水500ml中,以25—50μg／h的速度持续静脉滴注。病情好转后逐渐减量,连用3—5d,观察其止血效果。结果治疗组显效率47．1％（16／34）,有效率35．3％（12／34）,总有效率82．4％;对照组显效率35．3％（12／34）,有效率23．5％（8／34）,总有效率58．8％。经统计学x。检验,治疗组与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论应用奥曲肽联合硝酸甘油治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血高效、快速、安全、止血效果明显。     

维奥欣对抗阿霉素心脏毒性作用的初探

目的：评价阿霉素化疗合用维奥欣治疗恶性肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法：31例恶性肿瘤患者随机被分为两组。治疗组15例于化疗前2周开始口服维奥欣，160mg，3次／d，共10周，用含阿霉素的方案作联合化疗，每4周为1个周期，共2个周期。对照组16例单用阿霉素化疗方案。结果：治疗组和对照组近期疗效总有效率分别为33．33％和37．50％（P〉0．05），差异无显著性；两组治疗后心电图异常改变分别为6．67％和43．75％（P〈0．05），心功能减低分别为0和31．25％（P〈0．05），差异均具有显著性。结论：维奥欣可以降低阿霉素治疗恶性肿瘤的心脏毒性，维持心功能，且不影响抗肿瘤效果。     

多西他赛联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期转移性胃癌近期疗效观察

74例晚期胃癌患者随机分为观察组31例和对照组43例。观察组多西他赛65mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天；奥沙利铂120mg／m^2，静脉滴注，持续2h，第1天；21d为一周期。对照组给予多西他赛75mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天；顺铂75mg／m^2，分5次静脉滴注，1次／d，21d为一周期。两组均治疗2—8个周期。结果观察组完全缓解率（CR）0，部分缓解率（PR）38．7％，总缓解率（RR）38．7％；对照组分别为2．3％、37．2％、39．5％。两组疗效比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），Ⅲ、Ⅳ度不良反应发生率观察组低于对照组。认为多西他赛联合奥沙利铂方案治疗晚期胃癌安全、有效。     

高渗葡萄糖联合榄香烯乳注射液胸腔注射治疗难治性自发性气胸的临床观察

目的:探讨高渗葡萄糖联合榄香烯乳液行胸腔注射治疗难治性自发性气胸的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将70例难治性自发性气胸患者随机分为2组,治疗组30例,给予50%葡萄糖20 mL联合榄香烯乳液40~60 mL胸腔内注射,对照组40例给予50%葡萄糖20 mL胸腔内注射。2组患者均行胸腔闭式引流。结果:治疗组治疗总有效率和一次注药有效率均高于对照组(93.3%vs 57.5%,66.7%vs 32.5%,均P0.05);治疗组发热率明显高于对照组(70.0%vs 47.5%,P0.05),2组患者胸痛发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高渗葡萄糖联合榄香烯乳液胸腔注射可有效治疗难治性自发性气胸。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.