睾丸扭转和精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附68例报告)

目的:探讨睾丸和精索扭转的诊断与治疗方法,提高睾丸和精索扭转的治疗水平。方法:对68例睾丸和精索扭转的临床资料进行总结,68例平均年龄21岁,<20岁者占84%,左侧55例占80.8%.发病至确诊时间6h～30天,12h以上者占90.2%。结果:53例术前彩色多普勒血流动态显象(CDFI)应作为诊断疾病的常见与首选检查方法。诊断并经手术证实,符合率100%,经手术探查;41例行手术复位、固定,睾丸获救。27例行患侧睾丸切除术,所有病例均行对侧探察,固定。结论:阴囊X核素显象,B超对睾丸精索扭转早期诊断有帮助。早期诊断,及时治疗是提高疗效的关键。彩色多普勒血流动态显象应作为诊断该疾病的常见及首选检查方法,对睾丸精索一旦确诊或疑有精索扭转的患者应及早行紧急复位,以期挽救睾丸,同时行睾丸固定术也十分必要。对于确诊毫无保留价值的睾丸需行切除术。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗研究（附54例报告）

目的：总结精索扭转的早期诊断及治疗方法,提高精索扭转的诊治水平。方法：对54例精索扭转患者的I临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：对54例试行手法复位成功10例,失败3例;手术探查44例,20例予以保留睾丸,24例行睾丸切除,12例未行对侧睾丸预防性固定,随访有1例发生对侧精索扭转,32例行对侧睾丸预防性固定,未见精索扭转发生。结论：对本病应保持足够的警惕与认识,并通过详细地询问病史细致地体格检查,适当地辅助检和及时地手术探查来诊断本病;睾丸毁损与扭转的时间密切相关,延迟就诊是睾丸丢失的重要原因,临床高度怀疑时应及早手术探查。常规预防性固定健侧睾丸不是很必要。     

精索扭转的诊断和治疗(附14例报告)

目的：探讨精索扭转的诊断和治疗方法。方法：结合文献复习，回顾性总结14例精索扭转的临床资料。结果：8例术前彩色多普勒超声检查（CDS）诊断并经手术证实，符合率100％。经手术探查，4例行手术复位，固定，睾丸获救，10例行患侧睾丸切除术，所有病例均行对侧探查，固定。结论：CDS是诊断急性精索扭转的首选方法，治疗上应尽快手术探查，复位并做预防性固定。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗(附26例报告)

目的总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法回顾性总结了1995年6月-2004年6月期间26例精索扭转患者的诊治资料,结合文献进行分析。结果本组26例患者经彩超检查（CDu）确诊为精索扭转23例,25例患者经手术证实为精索扭转。1例手法复位治愈,18例行坏死睾丸切除术。7例手术复位者随访0．5—3年,6例复位睾丸血流正常,1例睾丸萎缩。结论在诊断精索扭转中,CDU与核素显像相比,CDU具有准确率高,方便快捷。早期诊断、及时手术探查行扭转精索复位和睾丸固定是提高睾丸存活率的关键。     

精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附21例报告)

目的：总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析21例精索扭转的临床诊治资料。结果：1例手法复位成功，5例行睾丸复位固定术，15例行坏死睾丸切除术。结论：彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断精索扭转的可靠方法，早期积极手术探查是提高睾丸成活率的关键。     

双侧精索扭转6例诊治体会

目的:探讨精索扭转的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析6例双侧精索扭转患者的诊断和治疗经验。结果:6例患者均为双侧发病。1例双侧睾丸同时扭转,5例双侧睾丸相继扭转;2例行单侧睾丸切除,其余扭转睾丸行复位固定。结论:精索扭转需早期诊断并及时手术探查行复位固定,患侧复位固定同时可行健侧固定,如不行健侧固定必须严密监测随访。手法复位可作为有益尝试。     

婴幼儿睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗方法选择

目的：探讨提高婴幼儿睾丸扭转疗效的方法。方法：对12例睾丸扭转患儿均行阴囊彩超检查,10例提示睾丸扭转。根据病情选择手法复位、睾丸复位 双侧睾丸固定术和切除扭转的睾丸同时固定对侧睾丸。结果：1例行手法复位成功,随访4个月～3年,3例保留睾丸者彩超显示双睾丸血流一致;9例切除睾丸者显示对侧睾丸血流正常。结论：阴囊彩超检查对婴幼儿睾丸扭转的诊断有较大的帮助;婴幼儿睾丸扭转后发生睾丸坏死的比率高,早期诊断、及时治疗是救活睾丸的关键,一旦明确或高度怀疑睾丸扭转,应立即行手术探查。     

睾丸扭转的诊断与早期治疗（附21例报告）

目的：提高睾丸扭转（编者按：实为精索扭转）的诊治水平.方法：回顾性分析21例睾丸扭转患者的临床诊治资料：21例患者中,左侧15例,右侧6例;术前确诊11例,拟诊5例,误诊5例.手法复位2例,睾丸复位固定7例,患侧睾丸切除13例.结果：术后随访3个月～3年,手法复位成功1例;7例睾丸复位固定良好,有1例出现患侧睾丸萎缩;13例行睾丸切除者身体状况良好.结论：睾丸扭转早期诊断甚为重要,应首选彩色多普勒超声检查;及早手术探查是挽救睾丸的关键.     

精索扭转的早期诊断及处理(附12例报告)

目的：提高精索扭转的早期诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析12例精索扭转的临床资料。结果：11例经手术证实，与术前彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）诊断结果一致，其中5例扭转时间短或不全扭转者经手术复位后保留了睾丸，6例因睾丸坏死而予以切除。1例保守治疗。结论：对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。CDFI是一种高效，可靠的诊断方法。早期诊断及手术可提高睾丸存活率。主张对对侧睾丸应作预防性固定并随访。     

精索扭转急症23例诊治报告

目的提高精索扭转的诊治水平。方法对23例精索扭转患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 23例患者中,6例有剧烈活动或外伤史,17例无明显诱因。23例均行彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）检查,21例（91.3%）诊断符合,误诊为附睾炎及睾丸占位各1例（4.35%）。1例入院时睾丸已萎缩未行手术,22例中1例行手法复位成功,其余21例行探查手术,16例行睾丸切除,病理报告均为睾丸缺血性梗死;5例保留睾丸并予固定（3例血运恢复,2例因家属要求保留而未行睾丸切除术）。结论对于阴囊急症患者,特别是青少年,急诊应高度警惕精索扭转可能性,对可疑者应立即行B超检查。CDFI是一种高效无创的诊断方法。早期诊断、尽早手术探查可提高睾丸存活率。     

彩色多普勒超声在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 :应用彩色多普勒超声鉴别精索扭转和急性睾丸炎。　方法 :回顾性分析 13例急性睾丸疼痛病人的彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)表现和治疗情况。　结果 :8例显示睾丸内血流信号稀疏或消失 ,诊断为精索扭转 ,其中 1例手法复位成功 ,7例手术探查并得以证实。其余 5例显示患侧睾丸血流信号丰富 ,诊断为急性睾丸炎或睾丸附睾炎 ,经抗生素治疗后症状好转 ,超声复查显示血流减少。　结论 :CDFI在精索扭转诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要意义 ,可作为急性睾丸疼痛病人的首选检查方法     

精索形态观察在睾丸扭转早期诊治中的意义

目的:提高睾丸扭转早期的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析49例睾丸扭转的临床资料及睾丸内血流声像图和精索超声特征。结果:49例睾丸扭转患者,彩色多普勒血流显像出现睾丸血流改变42例,其中血流增加3例,睾丸血流无明显改变7例;二维超声检查发现精索形态异常47例。手术复位固定21例,睾丸存活12例。结论:彩色多普勒超声扫描精索形态与睾丸血流变化对睾丸扭转的早期诊断有重要价值,尽早手术探查有助于挽救存活睾丸。     

Acute scrotal pain in children: prospective study of diagnosis and management

Forty-eight boys were assessed for an acutely painful scrotum. Thirty-six (75%) of them underwent radionuclide scanning of the scrotum; the average age of this group was 11 years. The scan revealed epididymitis in 19 cases, spermatic cord torsion in 9, appendix testis torsion in 7 and acute hernia-hydrocele in 1. The diagnosis was confirmed at operation in all nine cases of spermatic cord torsion. Boys who had epididymitis received antibiotics only; all were available for short-term follow-up, and 16 were also assessed at a mean of 6 months after infection. Only one boy had testicular atrophy; he had undergone repair of an inguinal hernia, which could not be ruled out as a cause. Bacteriuric epididymitis occurred in three boys; two had known predisposing genitourinary anomalies, the third had no abnormalities. Boys who had nonbacteriuric epididymitis were investigated by renal and pelvic ultrasonography or voiding cystourethrography; no important abnormalities were detected. This prospective study indicates that radionuclide scanning can reliably differentiate spermatic cord torsion from other acute scrotal disease.     

精索扭转（附4例报告并文献复习）

目的探讨精索扭转的早期诊断,以降低误诊率,提高睾丸的救治率。方法报告精索扭转4例,结合国内献20年报告的293例,对其临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果误诊率为54．8％。自行复位3例,手法复位22例,手术治疗263例(265侧),拒绝手术3例,治疗方法不明6例。睾丸损失率69．3％。结论加强对精索扭转的认识,首选彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检查,早期诊断和及时治疗,可提高睾丸的救治率。     

精索形态声像图在睾丸扭转诊断中的价值

目的分析睾丸扭转精索及睾丸内血流声像图表现，旨在强调精索二维图像在睾丸扭转中的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的睾丸扭转患者精索超声和睾丸内血流CDFI检查的声像图特征。结果35例睾丸扭转患者，34例二维出现精索形态异常，31例CDFI出现睾丸内血流改变异常，敏感性分别为97．14％、80．00％；特异性分别为100％、96．70％。结论精索形态声像图改变在睾丸扭转诊断中具重要价值。     

睾丸扭转处理与探讨

目的 :提高睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗水平。　方法 :回顾性分析 9例睾丸扭转疑诊病例 ,并结合文献进行分析。　结果 :9例患者年龄为 12～ 2 7岁 ,平均 15岁 ,1例经过镇痛治疗后自行复位 ,8例行手术治疗 ,其中 7例手术证实为睾丸扭转 ,1例术中探查为急性附睾炎。睾丸扭转患者中有 6例绕精索旋转 180°～ 72 0° ,1例绕着与精索垂直的轴线旋转 180°。彩色多普勒超声检查准确率为 87.5 % ,所有病例均有阴囊皮肤红肿 ,Prehn征 ( + )。　结论 :对突发睾丸疼痛应常规行彩色多普勒超声检查 ,睾丸扭转方向不全是绕精索轴旋转 ,手法复位不可靠 ,若怀疑为睾丸扭转 ,应急诊手术探查     

Clinical study on acute scrotum]

Between April 1986 and July 1990, we experienced 13 cases of acute scrotum with surgical exploration. Six of the patients had torsion of the spermatic cord; three had torsion of an appendix of the epididymis, one had torsion of a testicular appendix, one had testicular rupture, one had acute epididymitis and one was normal. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 55 years (mean: 17.7 years), and the patients with torsion of the spermatic cord ranged from 5 to 25 years in age (mean: 16.3 years). No specific symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings were noted in patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. In the majority of cases, scrotal swelling and redness of the scrotal skin were present, and we could not distinguish parts of the scrotal contents. From 2 to 92 hours had passed before the patients presented, and patients who first attended other clinics tended to be treated in an inappropriate manner. Orchidopexy was performed in all patients with torsion of the spermatic cord. At present, only one testis which was treated after a delay of 92 hours has proven to be atrophic. Early consultation of a urological clinic and early surgical exploration are important in the treatment of the acute scrotum.     

Two cases of testicular infarction: the usefulness of enhanced MRI for preoperative diagnosis]

The differential diagnosis in acute scrotum, particularly torsion of spermatic cord and epididymitis, is sometimes difficult. An erroneous diagnosis may result in unnecessary and improper treatment. We report two cases of testicular infarction including torsion of spermatic cord, preoperatively diagnosed by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case 1: A 16-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of left scrotal swelling and left lower abdominal pain. He had fever and leukocytosis. Antibiotics for 2 days failed to relieve the symptoms. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Scrotal exploration revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in the left testis. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy visited with scrotal swelling and fever 30 hours after an acute onset of left scrotal pain. Enhanced MRI showed absence of blood flow in the left testis. Exploration revealed left necrotic testis with torsion of spermatic cord. Left orchiectomy and right orchiopexy were performed. Our two cases suggested that enhanced MRI, by which the intratesticular blood flow can be evaluated, may be useful for the diagnosis of testicular infarction.