FIXION PF型可膨胀髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的总结FIXION PF型可膨胀髓内钉微创内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术疗效及体会。方法对43例股骨粗隆间骨折采用FIXION PF型可膨胀髓内钉固定治疗。结果 36例获随访3～24个月,骨折临床愈合时间8~10周。术后髋关节功能Harris评分平均93分。术中继发性股骨大粗隆开口骨折2例,股骨头栓钉退出3例。结论 FIXION PF型可膨胀髓内钉具有微创、操作简便、固定可靠、取出方便等优点,掌握其操作原理及流程后可缩短手术时间。     

股骨近端髓内钉-螺旋刀片治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床报道

[目的]评价股骨近端髓内钉-螺旋刀片治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效.[方法]2006年3月-2007年10月,使用股骨近端髓内钉-螺旋刀片治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折59例,平均年龄78.5岁,按AO分型:A1型8例,A2型36例,A3型15例.分析患者的手术时间、出血量、术后并发症,并以Harris髋关节功能评分评价患髋功能.[结果]手术平均时间45.7 min,平均出血量约105 ml,刀口感染1例.术后48例获得10～24个月的随访,骨折均获得临床愈合,未发现不良并发症.按Harris髋关节功能评分标准:优37例,良8例,中3例,优良率为93.75%.[结论]本手术具有操作简便,创伤小、固定可靠等优点,可作为老年骨质疏松患者股骨粗隆间骨折的首选术式.     

DHS与Intertan髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

[目的]探讨DHS与Intertan髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的适应证、手术技巧及临床疗效.[方法]2008年2月～2010年2月收治52例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,男24例,女28例;年龄38～ 89岁(平均68.1岁),骨折按Evans分型,均为顺粗隆间骨折,其中Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型18例,Ⅳ型16例.行DHS内固定37例,行Intertan髓内钉内固定15例;从手术情况、骨折愈合时间、术后Harris髋关节评分及术后并发症等方面分析比较.[结果]所有患者术后获平均24个月(17 ～38个月)随访,在手术时间、术中失血量、平均骨折愈合时间、术后Harris髋关节评分及术后并发症的发生上两组有明显差异(P＜0.05).[结论]对于Evans Ⅰ型股骨粗隆间骨折应用DHS内固定可取得良好的效果,对于EvansⅡ型适用Intertan髓内钉,也可用DHS;对于EvansⅢ、Ⅳ型最适用Intertan髓内钉;Intertan髓内钉设计更符合股骨近端生物力学特点,有效恢复股骨近端稳定性,适用于粉碎性、复杂及合并骨质疏松的股骨粗隆间骨折,可缩短卧床时间,提高生活质量,减少并发症.     

可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折156例并发症分析

目的探讨可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折并发症发生因素及预防措施。方法对156例股骨粗隆周围骨折使用可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉固定,分析其并发症的发生原因。结果 135例术后随访12～80周,骨折除2例并发骨不连外其余全部愈合,出现骨折端移位、栓钉钉头剪切出股骨头、股骨干劈裂等并发症共17例。结论规范手术操作,提高手术技能,熟悉手术器材,能减少该类手术并发症的发生。     

应用股骨近端锁定板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

[目的]评价股骨近端锁定板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的效果.[方法]自2007年12月～2009年12月采用股骨近端解剖型锁定板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折80例,术后第2d开始行CPM机功能锻炼及屈伸踝关节的主动锻炼.[结果]所有病例全部随访,随访时间14～36个月,平均18个月,75例骨折骨性愈合,占93.75％,无断钉、脱钉、钢板松动、断板、关节僵直等并发症发生.[结论]应用股骨近端解剖型锁定钛板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有内固定可靠,允许早期活动,术后内固定失效等并发症少的优点,是治疗此类病人较好的内固定方法.     

防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折

[目的]探讨应用防旋型股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效.[方法]回顾本科2009年2月～ 2011年10月60例应用防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗的老年人股骨粗隆间骨折,观察其术中时间、出血量、临床愈合及髋关节恢复情况.[结果]手术用时40 ～ 150 min,平均75 min,术中出血60 ～ 160 ml,平均100 ml,均获得随访,其中1例术后3个月死于心肌梗塞,1例9个月后死于脑出血,余均获得骨性愈合,髋关节术后恢复情况优52例,良4例,差2例,优良率96.6％.[结论]PFNA治疗老年患者股骨转子间骨折具有固定牢稳、微创、并发症少的特点,疗效满意.     

PFNA治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折51例初步报告

[目的]探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折的临床疗效.[方法]对51例股骨粗隆间骨折采用闭合复位(3例闭合复位不满意术中结合撬拨复位)PFNA内固定治疗,观察骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能恢复及并发症的发生情况.[结果]本组43例获得随访,平均随访时间为16.3个月(12 ～ 18个月),所有骨折在11 ～21周愈合,2例发生螺旋刀片轻微切割但未切出股骨头颈,无髋内翻及患肢短缩等并发症.[结论]PFNA治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折具有操作简单、创伤小、疗效好,并发症少等优点.     

可膨胀髓内钉在股骨粗隆部骨折中的应用

目的 探讨应用Fixion-PF型可膨胀髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆部骨折的临床效果。方法 2004年10月～2005年7月，采用Fixion-PF型可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉治疗14例股骨粗隆部骨折患者，其中男9例，女3例；年龄51～80岁，平均65．5岁。C臂X线机透视下完成骨折复位、插钉、髋栓钉及股骨髓内钉膨胀。结果 14例获随访10～12个月，X线片示骨折平均愈合时间10周。无感染、断钉、股骨头切割以及髋内翻畸形等并发症发生。术后髋关节功能：优10例，良3例，可1例，优良率92％。结论 Fixion-PF型可膨胀髓内钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆部骨折，具有操作简便、透视少、抗旋转能力强以及应力分布均匀等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆部骨折，尤其对老年性骨质疏松患者是一种理想的内固定材料。     

股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效及其相关问题。方法回顾性分析采用股骨近端髓内钉治疗的21例股骨粗隆间骨折患者的术后骨折愈合及并发症情况。结果所有病例均得到随访，随访时间平均为10个月，骨折全部愈合，功能恢复按黄公怡标准，优7例，良11例，可3例，优良率85．7％。结论PFN具有内固定牢固、应力分散、防旋转功能强、手术操作简单等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法之一。     

短重建髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折35例疗效观察

[目的]探讨短重建髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的应用.[方法]2000年1月～2004年8月间,使用短重建髓内钉(施乐辉公司产品,钛合金材质)内固定手术治疗35例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,男14例,女21例;按照AO/ASIF31A分型,A1型9例,A2型21例,A3型5例.分析评价其特点及治疗效果.[结果]平均手术切口长度为3.5 cm,平均手术时间65 min,平均术中X线透视时间0.16 min,平均术中出血量50 ml;所有患者均获得术后随访.除1例患者外均无髋关节疼痛和功能障碍,平均骨折愈合时间70 d;术后无骨折不愈合,无深静脉血栓和伤口感染等并发症,97%患者无内固定松动,仅有1例患者因手术操作原因造成术后45 d出现头钉切割,从股骨头背侧穿出,导致骨折畸形愈合,遗留髋内翻畸形.[结论]短重建髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆问骨折具有手术耗时少,术中X线透视时间短,创伤小,骨量丢失少,术后内固定稳定性强,并发症少,骨折愈合快,患肢功能恢复快等优点,应成为治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的首选内固定方法.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.